essentials in radio broadcasting latest

Essentials in Radio Broadcasting:Approaches and Strategies Made Easy

Tanza Oasis Hotel & ResortTanza, Cavite

December 13-15, 2013

Training Program: Essentials in Radio Broadcasting:Approaches & Strategies Made Easy

Objectives:

At the end of the program the participants must be able to:

1. Gain holistic understanding on the different elements and approaches involved in radio broadcasting;

2. Identify the essential factors affecting a high quality broadcast material; and

3. Apply the simplified strategies in broadcasting through a five (5) minute production simulation

The Basic Contents of Audio Broadcast

I. Contents According to Category

A.) Live Material : produced out-right at the time of airing

B.) Canned Material : pre-produced or recorded material

II. Contents According to Classification

A.) Voice Material : refers to the human voice in diverse projections

B.) Music : usually it is the synthesizer of the production as it sets the mood. The use of music must be carefully considered and appropriated.

C.) Sound Effects : add the thrilling dramatic effect and creativity to the production format. Just like music, the use of sound

effects must be timely and significantly.

D.) Spiel : refers to the uttered voice material that is either spontaneous or scripted.

E.) Silence : appears to be a material sound effect that is applied as a necessary demand of the

concept illustrated through the script, but should not be used as an excuse to commit “dead air”.

Criteria for Voice Material Selection:

I. Voice Quality 40%Character Fitness 20%Modulation Consistency 20%

II. Enunciation 40%Articulation Fluency 10%Phonemics 10%Stressing & Phrasing 10%Intonation Scheming 10%

III. Delivery Impact 20%Convincing or Influencing Capability 10%Associability or Novelty 10% _____

100%

Typical Radio Broadcast Crew Distribution and Functions

1.) Director : is the very person who takes full command of the direction to ensure that the production is delivered as scheduled though the proper designation and

coordination of the crews with all the contents of the script carried out as planned.

2.) Assistant Director : is considered the time-keeper of the production. It is the primary function of the AD to keep tract of the every second of the production schedule. Reminding the crews of the running time must be done from time to time either through vocal announcements or hand signals.

3.) Technical Director : is in-charge of the tools and equipment necessary for the production. It is the responsibility of the TD to check, install, connect and pre-test all the tools and equipment to ensure a quality broadcast out-put. The TD must have the technical knowledge of the basic audio tools and equipment as well as its related functions.

4.) Floor Director : acts as the alter-ego of the Director. The FD assumes the responsibility of relaying to the floor or the rest of

the crews and talents whatever the director so instructs especially during the taping or airing time. In conveying the instructions, the FD often use hand signals.

5.) Spinner : is an assistant of the Technical Director. Primarily, the spinner is the one who plays the canned or

taped materials on time. It is the duty of the spinner to cue the canned material and ensure that such is aired as scheduled and specified in the script.

6.) Production Assistant : assumes multiple tasks in the production. The PA may sometimes take charge of the script and its proper

distribution among the talents. Sometimes the PA is called to assist the director, technical director, spinner or talents.

7.) Talents : refers to the front actors or actresses of the production. They may appear as newscasters or dramatis

personae.

Basic Crew Floor Distribution

Talents

Common Terms for Directorial Instructions

Fade Up : refers to the gradual volume increase of the broadcast content or material especially music or sound effects.

Director

Assistant Director

Technical Director/ Spinner

Floor Director

Fade Under : or sometimes Fade to Bed refers to the gradual volume decrease of the broadcast content or material and it

being played in background level.

Fade Out : refers to the gradual volume decrease of the broadcast content up to its cutting.

Establish : refers to the broadcast content being played at a steady level for a period of time.

Cross-fade With : an example of a creative maneuver on music where the second music material is played following the first

without immediately being noticed. Usually both materials appear to be connected as both have almost the same rhythm, melody, and acoustics.

Segue To : contrary to cross-fading, this technique is using the second material to establish a different scene or perspective.

Sneak In : another example of a creative maneuver where a material is being played to steal attention or emphasize a particular scene.

Off-Mike : intentionally done as a creative maneuver to elicit an impression of being far from the scene.

Taping Time : refers to the actual airing or production time where the audience are expected to observe utmost silence so as not to disrupt, destroy, or destabilize the production concept.

Cueing : is the preparation of the canned materials prior to taping time so as to ensure that it is being played as

scheduled.

Dead Air : is the silent gap of more than three (3) seconds not necessary or required by the script.

Pinning the meter: means excessive volume level.FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPT PARTS & FORMAT “Live Wire Patrol”

5 Minute News BroadcastDXRA 92.7 AMDecember 8, 2013Page 1 of 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 NEWS THEME MUSIC FADE UP…ESTAB…FADE UNDER FOR

2 ANCHOR : Good morning Philippines! Good morning Iloilo.

3 : Bringing you the latest news around the world;

4 : this is Juan Carlo your Live Wire Patrol

5 : In the headline:

6 : China is rigged by massive nuclear power explosion

7 : About a million Chinese are feared to be exposed to radiation;

8 SNEAK –IN SFX: LASER BEAM

9 : The largest nuclear power plant of China located within the

10 : province of Guandong exploded early this morning. Residents of

11 : the industrial city of Shenzen were awakened past five o’ clock by

12 : the loud explosion of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. The said

13 : plant is considered as China’s largest and is believed to be the

14 : world’s second largest after Krasminov in Vladivostok, Russia.

15 : Just into its third year of operations, experts are puzzled as to what

16 : could have caused the explosion. The plant is among the

17 : seventeen nuclear installations operating in China which uses one

18 : of the latest technological advances.

19 : Initial statement released by China National Nuclear Corporation

20 : or CNNC, the owner and operator of the ill-fated plant said, a

21 : mechanical malfunction in Fusion Plant Reactor Number 3

“Live Wire Patrol”


_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 : may have caused the explosion. Authorities are still in the process

2 : of determining and verifying the number of possible casualties

3 : as there are estimated three hundred employees reporting on

4 : duty within the compound of the Daya Bay Nuclear Complex

5 : when the explosion happened.

6 : Meanwhile, Chinese President Xi Jin Ping orders a 75 kilometer

7 : radius total closedown; security is heightened within both

8 : inland and along coastal towns. Correspondent Baja Taha has the

9 : story.


11 BAJA TAHA : Due to the extent of the explosion and the possible expanse of

12 : damage which may be brought by radiation exposure, Chinese

13 : President Xi Jin Ping immediately ordered for a 75 kilometer radius

14 : total close down of Guandong province and other neighboring

15 : areas. Within an hour after the explosion, additional police and

16 : military forces were dispatched in the area to secure all possible

17 : entrance and exit points all over Guandong. Moving out from

18 : and going into the province is now totally suspended. As of press

19 : time, only authorized experts wearing anti-radiation gears are

20 : allowed limited entry and exit to the city of Shenzen to avoid the

21 : hazards of radioactive contamination.

“Live Wire Patrol”5 Minute News BroadcastDXRA 92.7 AMDecember 8, 2013Page 3 of 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 : This is Baja Taha, your Live Wire Patrol.


3 ANCHOR : The explosion is presently the worst in Chinese nuclear history;

4 : Five provinces are under Level 4 Radiation Exposure Advisory

5 : More of this, after this break.

6 INFOMERCIAL :”Ala-ala” (PAGE 4)

“Ala-ala”1 Minute Info-MercialDXRA 92.7 AMDecember 8, 2013Page 4 of 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________

1MUSIC: MALAMIG ANG SIMOY NG HANGIN FADE UP THEN FADE TO BED FOR

2 CHILD : Its Christmas time na naman. I should not forget sino ang tatawagan.

3 : Wala man akong regalo. At least I can say hello.

4 SOUND EFFECTS: PHONE RING TONE SNEAK IN

5 GRANDMA : Hello.

6 CHILD : Hello lola! Kumusta ka? Miss na miss na kita.

7 GRANDMA : Mabuti naman at napatawag ka. I thought you have forgotten me na.

8 CHILD : Ang lola talaga. How could I ever forget you? Sobrang miss nga kita.

9 GRANDMA : Naku! Ako pay bolahen ba…..

10 OFF MIKE CONTINUING CONVERSATION (GIGGLING AND LAUGHTER)

11 V.O. : We may be busy with so many things this yuletide season.

12 : But a simple call may bring real happiness to a person.

13 : Tawag na. Usap na. Gawing maligaya ang bawat isa.

14 1MUSIC: MALAMIG ANG SIMOY NG HANGIN FADE UP THEN FADE OUT

“Live Wire Patrol”5 Minute News BroadcastDXRA 92.7 AMDecember 8, 2013Page 5 of 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 NEWS THEME MUSIC FADE UP…ESTAB…FADE UNDER FOR

2 ANCHOR : Now we’re back. The explosion is presently the worst in Chinese

3 : nuclear history. Five provinces are under Level 4 Radiation

4 : Exposure Advisory. More of this from correspondent Mario Rio.


6 MARIO RIO : According to the National Nuclear Safety Administration or NNSA,

7 : the disaster in Daya Bay could be the worst in all of Chinese

8 : nuclear program history. Apprehensions are raised that about one

9 : million Chinese from the province of Guandong and nearby

10 : provinces shall be subjected to radiation exposure. Within an hour

11 : after the explosion, the NNSA released Radiation Exposure Alert

12 : Level 4 advisory covering the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan,

13 : Guizhou and Guangxi. Under this advisory, residents are strongly

14 : encouraged to take extra precautionary measures against

15 : exposure to radio-active materials and not to go out without

16 : wearing protective gears. Experts believe the lingering and

17 : debilitating effects of radiation could take as long as 75 harrowing

18 : years.

19 : This is Mario Rio, your Live Wire Patrol.


“Live Wire Patrol”


_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 ANCHOR : As China is reeling from the tragic explosion;

2 : The United Nations is calling for cooperation.

3 : Baja Taha is back with the story.


5 BAJA TAHA : Stunned by the expanse of the damages and the impending

6 : threats posed by the tragic Daya Bay Nuclear Plant explosion,

7 : the United Nations has expressed deep concern and calls for

8 : cooperation. In an official statement released by the office of

9 : the UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, the agency is calling for

10 : cooperation from among countries with nuclear programs to

11 : extend any possible help to China in giving relief and solution for

12 : the possible threats being posed by the tragedy. The statement

13 : also encourages the people of China to take a stronger resolve

14 : in facing the tragic incident that has taken their country by

15 : surprise.

16 THEME MUSIC FADE UP THEN FADE UNDER FOR

17 ANCHOR : And that’s the top of the hour news. Broadcasting from Live Wire

18 : Patrol news center, this is John Carlo saying:

19 : “Only he who can see the invisible can do the impossible!”

20 : Philippines thank you and good morning.

21 THEME MUSIC FADE UP THEN FADE OUT“Balita Numero Uno” 5 Minute News BroadcastDXRA 92.7 AMNovember 28, 2013Page 1 of 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 THEME MUSIC FADE UP…ESTAB…FADE UNDER FOR

2 ANCHOR : Magandang umaga Pilipinas! Magandang umaga Naga!

3 : Mula sa bulwagang pambalitaan ng Radyo Alerto

4 : Ito po si Juan Carlo para sa “Balita Numero Uno”

5 : Sa ulo ng mga nagbabagang balita:

6 : Niyanig ng intensity 8.2 na lindol ang Amerika ngayung umaga;

7 : Ilang sandali lamang, isang higanteng tsunami sumunod pa!


9 : Aerial Inspection agarang ginawa ni Pangulong Obama;

10 : Mula sa himpapawid, tindi ng pagkawasak kanyang nakita.


12 : Bilang ng mga namatay umabot na sa mahigit sampung libo;

13 : halaga ng mga nasirang ari-arian patuloy na lumulobo. At;


15 : Mga bansang nakapaligid sa Pasipiko,

16 : pinaghahanda sa tsunami at inaasahang maging alerto.


18 ANCHOR : At ngayon para sa mga detalye:

19 : Niyanig ng isang napakalakas na lindol ang America kaninang

20 : umaga ganap na las 8:45. Tinamaan ng lindol ang estado ng

21 : California. Ayon sa National Volcanology and Seismology

“Balita Numero Uno”5 Minute News BroadcastDXRA 92.7 AMNovember 28, 2013Page 2 of 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 : Administration o (NVSA) isang magnitude 8.2 sa Richter scale ang

2 : naturang lindol. Tinukoy nito na ang epicenter ay nasa ilalim ng

3 : dagat ng San Francisco Bay, mga anim-napung kilometro

4 : lamang ang layo mula sa baybayin ng naturang lungsod. Naram-

5 : daman din ang pagyanig sa Hawaii sa lakas na 6.2, at 5.4 naman

6 : sa bansang Mexico, samantalang 4.0 naman sa bansang Brazil.

7 : Wala pang tatlumpong minuto matapos ang lindol, sumunod

8 : naman ang nakakapangilabot na tsunami na may taas na mahi-

9 : git animnapung talampakan. Hinambalos nito ang mga

10 : bayan at lungsod malapit sa baybayin ng California. Kabilang sa

11 : unang matinding tinamaan nito ay ang mga lungsod ng Los

12 : Angeles, San Diego at San Francisco. Samantala;

13 : Aerial Inspection agarang ginawa ni Pangulong Obama;

14 : Para sa mga detalye, narito si Baha Taja.


16 BAHA TAJA : Lulan ng eroplanong Air Force One, agad na nagsagawa ng

17 : aerial inspection si Pangulong Barrack Obama upang personal

18 : na makita ang lawak ng pinsalang dulot ng lindol na sinundan

19 : pa ng tsunami. Kita niya mula sa himpapawid ang mga napatag

20 : na mga gusali, gumuhong ospital, nasirang simbahan at nawasak

21 : na mga daungan at paliparan. Sa mga oras na ito, paralisado“Balita Numero Uno”5 Minute News BroadcastDXRA 92.7 AMNovember 28, 2013Page 3 of 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 : pa rin ang galaw ng transportasyon at maging komunikasyon sa

2 : buong estado dahil sa mga gumuhong tulay, nagbitakang mga

3 : hi-ways, nagsitumbahang mga poste at nagsibagsakang linya

4 : ng mga telepono. Agad namang iniutos ng pangulo ang pagsa-

5 : gawa ng maagap na search and rescue operations na pangu-

6 : ngunahan ng sandatahang lakas ng Estados Unidos kasama na

7 : ang US Airforce at US Navy.

8 : Para sa Balita Numero Uno, ito po si Baha Taja nag-uulat.

9 ANCHOR : Maraming salamat Baha Taja.

10 : Magbabalik kami makalipas lamang ang patalastas.


12 INFO-MERCIAL :” IT-NOK” SNEAK IN (PAGE 6)


_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 THEME MUSIC FADE UP THEN FADE UNDER FOR

2 ANCHOR : Nagbabalik ang Balita Numero Uno:

3 : Bilang ng mga namatay umabot na sa mahigit sampung libo;

4 : halaga ng mga nasirang ari-arian patuloy na lumulobo.

5 : Para sa mga detalye, narito si Mario Rio.


7 MARIO RIO : Sa lungsod ng San Francisco pa lamang, tinatayang mahigit

8 : sampung libo na ang kumpirmadong patay. Ayon sa ulat ng

9 : Department of Home-land Security, karamihan sa mga namatay

10 : ay nabagsakan ng mga gumuhong istruktura o di kaya ay

11 : nalunod dahil sa tsunami. Inaasahan namang tataas pa ang

12 : bilang na ito oras na papasok na ang ulat mula sa iba pang

13 : mga apektadong lugar. Umaabot naman sa mahigit sampung

14 : bilyong dolyar na ang halaga ng mga napinsala.

15 : Para sa Balita Numero Uno, ito po si Mario Rio.

16 ANCHOR : Maraming salamat Mario Rio. Sa kabilang dako:

17 : Mga bansang nakapaligid sa Pasipiko,

18 : pinaghahanda sa tsunami at inaasahang maging alerto.

19 : Magbabalik si Mario Rio.



_____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 MARIO RIO : Limang minuto lamang matapos mamonitor ang naturang lindol

2 : ng Japanese Meteorology and Seismology Center, ay agad itong

3 : nagpalabas ng Pacific-wide tsunami warning advisory para sa

4 : mga bansang nakapaligid sa karagatang Pasipiko na maaaring

5 : tamaan ng tsunami. Kabilang dito ang mga bansang Argentina,

6 : Brazil, Chile, HongKong, Mexico, Micronesia, New Zealand, Papua

7 : New Guinea, Pilipinas, Russia at Taiwan.

8 : Pinaniniwalaang isang tectonic plate ang sanhi ng naturang

9 : lindol dahil sa paggalaw ng Juan de Fuca Plate at Pacific Plate.

10 : Naitala na hindi bababa sa isang daan at labing dalawang

11 : malalakas na pagyanig pa o aftershocks ang sumunod.


13 ANCHOR : At yan ang kabuuan ng ating mga nagbabagang balita sa

14 : oras na ito. Sa muli, ito po ang inyong lingkod Juan Carlo na

15 : nagsasabing:

16 : Ang bayang Malaya, ay bayang pinagpala!

17 : Magandang umaga. Pilipinas, mabuhay ka!

18 THEME MUSIC FADE UP THEN FADE OUT.

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