establishment of a new international economic order: report of the sixth special session of the...

8/7/2019 Establishment of a New International Economic Order: Report of the Sixth Special Session of the General Assembly.

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RESOLUTIONSadopted by the General Assembly

during itsSIXTH SPECIAL SESSION

9 April-2 May 1974

GENERAL ASSEMBLYOFFICIAL RECORDS: SIXTH SPECIAL SESSION

SUPPLEMENT No.1 (A/9559)

UNITED NATIONSNew York, 1974


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NOTESymbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letterscombined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to aUnited Nations document.The arabic and roman numerals identifying each resolution indicate, respec-tively, the number of the resolution and the number of the session at which it

w a ~ adopted. In the case of a special session, the letter "s" precedes the romannumerals.The resolutions of the General Assembly are numbered in the order oftheir adoption.


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CONTENTSAgendaAppointment of the Credentials CommitteeComposition of the General Committee

Resolutions adOI)ted by th e General Assemblyduring it s sixth special session[3200 (S-VI)-3202 (S-VI)]

Resolution adopted without reference to a Committee3200 (S-VI). Credentials of representatives to the sixth special session ofthe General Assembly (A/L.726)

PageVvivi

Other decisions 1

Resolutions adopted on th e report of th e Ad Hoc Committee of theSixth Special Session3201 (S-VI). Declaration on the Establishment of a New InternationalEconomic Order (A/9556) 33202 (S-VI). Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New Inter-national Economic Order (A/9556) 5Other decisions 13

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AGENDA'1. Opening of the SCIIion by the auu...... of the ddr.1doD of Ecu. . . . .2. Minute of sUeDt prayer CII' .......3. Appointment of the CredcatWI Committee.4. Electioa of the Plelideat.S. Orpnization of the 1eIIioR.6. Adoption of the apada.7. Study of the problems of raw materia.. _ dewIopIII ,at.-

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APPOINTMENT OF THE CREDENTIALS COMMITTEElI(Item 3)

The General Assembly decided that the Credentials Committee for the sixthspecial session, appointed in accordance with rule 28 of the rules of procedure,would have the same composition as that for the twenty-eigbth session.The Committee was constituted as fonows: CmNA, GREECE, JAPAN, NIC

ARAGUA. SENEGAL, UNION OF SoVIET SocIALIST REPUBLICS, UNITED REpUBIJCOP TANZANIA, UNITED STATES OF AMERlCA and URUGUAY.2207th plenory meetillB9 April 1914

COMPOSITION OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE(Items'" an d 5)

The General Assembly decided that the President. Vice-Presidents andChairmen of the Main Committees of the twenty-eighth session would serve in thesame capacities at the sixth special session, except that, in so far as the Chairmenof the First, Second and Fifth Committees were concerned, Denmark. Senegal andMorocco would appoint representatives to replace Mr. Otto R. Borch (Denmark),Mr. Zewde Gabre-Sellassie (Ethiopia) and Mr. Conrad S. M. Mselle (UnitedRepublic of Tanzania), respectively, who were absent.

The General Committee of the General Assembly for the sixth special sessionwas therefore constituted as follows:P"sident of the General Assembly:

Mr. Leopoldo BENITES (Ecuador).yict-Presitkms oj the General Assembly:

The representatives of the fonowing Member States: CmNA, CzBCHOSLO-VAJaA. FIJI, FRANCE, GHANA, GUYANA, HONDURAS, NETHERLANDS, SPAIN, SRILANKA, 'J'umsIA. UGANDA, UNION OP SOVIET SOCIALIST REpUBLICS, UNITED ARABBMntATBS., UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRBLAND, UNITEDRBPUBLIC OP CAMEROON and UNITED STATES OP AMERICA.Clullrmell 01 the Main Committees oj the General Assembly:

.Fin. Committee: Mr. Knud-Ame H. ELIASEN (Denmark);Spec",' Political Committee: Mr. Karoly SZARKA (Hungary);Second Committee: Mr. M6doune FALL (Senegal);Third Committee: Mr. Yahya MAHMASSANI (Lebanon);Fourth Committee: Mr. Leonardo DfAZ GONZALEZ (Venezuela);Filth Committee: Mr. Mehdi Mrani ZENTAR (Morocco);Sixth Committee: Mr. Sergio GONZALEZ GALVBZ (Mexico).Furthermore. the General Assembly decided that the Chairman of the Ad HocCommittee of the Sixth Special Session should be accorded, for the duration ofthe session only, full rights of membership in the General Committee, includingthe right to vote.

lSee Uo resolutioD 3200 (S-VJ). p. 1.

2207th pZenory meeting9 A.prll 1914


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RESOLUTION ADOPTED WITHOUT ftEFERENCETO A COMMITTEE

3200 (8-VI). Credentials of representatives to the sixth .pedal.euIODof th e General AssemblyThe General Assembly.Having taken rwte of the report of the Credentials Committee,Accepts the credentials of all the representatives of Member States to thesixth special session of the General Assembly except those of the representativesof South Africa. 2228th plenary meeting

30 April 1974.Offielal Record, 01 the General As,embly, Sixth Special Session, A1IIIexe,. apaciaitem 3, document A/9SS$.

Other dec i . io , . s

Organization of th e .enion(Item 5)

At its 2207th plenary meeting. on 9 April 1974. the General Assemblydecided to establish an Ad Hoc Committee of the Sixth Special Session, with aChairman, three Vice-Cbairmen and a Rapporteur. and to accord its Chairman,for the duration of the session only, full rights of membership in the GeneralCommittee, including the right to vote.Pursuant to that decision, the Ad Hoc Committee, at its lst, 2nd and 3rdmeetings. on 10, 12 and 15 April 1974, elected the following officers:

Chairman:Mr. Pereydoun Hoveyda (Iran).

Vice-Chairmen:Mr. Jan Arvesen (Norway),Mr. Eugeniusz Kulaga (Poland).Mr. Eustace E. Seignoret (Trinidad and Tobago).

Rapporteur:Mr. Hama Arba Diallo (Upper Volta).

I


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General Asst'mbly--.-Sixth Special Session

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED ON THE REPORT OF THE /40 HOC COMMITTEEOF THE SIXTH SPECIAL SESSION

CONTENTSRuo'.,"", ND. n,h

3201 (S-VI) Declaration on the Establishment of ill New International Economic Order '1 ! Mu y 1974 33202 (S-Vn Proaramme of Action on the Establishment of a NeY< Intelnational Economic Order ! May 19740 M e r ~ Study of the problems of raw materials and development

3201 (S.VI). Deelaration on the Establishment ofa New Interaational Economie OrderThe General AssemblyAdopts the following Declaration:

DECLARATION ON 1lIE ESTABLISHMENT OFA NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDERWe, the Members of the United NatioM,Having convened a special session of the GeneralAssembly to study for the first time the problems ofraw materials and development, devoted to the consideration of the most imponant economic problemsfaciog the world community,BeIlI'ing in mind the spirit, purposes and principlesof the Cbarter of. the United NatiOns to promote the

economic advancement an d social pro&reSS of allpeoples,Solemnly proclaim our united determination to workurgently for THE ESTABLlSHMBNT OF A NBW INTERNA

TIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER based on equity, sovereignequality, interdependence, common interest and c0-operation among an States. irrespective of their ec0-nomic aod social systems wbich sball correct inequalities and redress existing injustices, make it possibleto eliminate the widening gap between the developedand the developing countries and ensure steadily accelerating economic and social development and peaceand justice for present and future generations, aod, tothat end, declare:1. The greatest and most significant achievementduring the last decades has been the independencefrom colonial and alien domination of a large number of peoples an d nations which has enabled themto become members of the community of free pe0-ples. Technological progress has also been made inan spheres of economic activities in the last threedecades, thus providing a solid potential for improving the well-being of all peoples. However, the remaining vestiges of alien and colonial domination,foreign occupation. racial discrimination. aptII'thddand neo-coloniaHsm in all its forms continue to beamong the greatest obstacles to the full emancipation

1 I May 1974

and progress of the developing countries and aU thepeoples involved. The benefits of tecbnological progress are not shared equitably by all members of tbeinternational community. The developing countries.which constitute 70 per cent of the world's population, account for only 30 per cent of the world'sincome. It has proved impossible to acbieve aneven and balanced development of the intemationalcommunity under the existing international economicorder. The gap between the developed and the developing countries continues to widen in a systemwbich was established at a time when most of thedeveloping countries did not even exist as independent States and which perpetuates inequality.2, The present intemational economic order is indirect conflict with current developments in international political and economic relations. Since 1970.the world economy has experienced a series of gravecrises whicb bave bad severe repercussions, especially on the developing countries because of theirgenerally greater vulnerability to extemal economicimpulses. The developing world has become a powerful factor that makes its influence felt in all fieldsof international activity. These irreversible changesIn the relationship of forces in the world necessitatethe active. full and equal participation of the developing countries in the formulation and applicationof all decisions that concem the international community.3 _ All these changes have thrust into prominencethe reality of interdependence of aU tbe membersof the world community. Current events have broughtinto sharp focus the realization that the interests ofthe developed countries and those of the developingcountries can no longer be isolated from eacb other,that there is a close interrelationship between theprosperity of the developed countries and tbe growthand development of the d e v e l o p i n ~ countries, andthat the prosperity of the international communityas a wbole depends upon the prosperity of its constituent parts. International co-operation for development is the shared goal and common duty of allcountries. Thus the political, economic and socialwell-being of present and future generations dependsmort than ever no co-operation between all the


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" General Assembly-Sixth Special Sessionmembers of the international community on the basIsof sovereign equality and the removal of the disequilibrium that exists between them.4. The new international economic order shouldbe founded on full respect for the following principles:

(a ) Sovereign equality of States, self-determination of all peoples, inadmissibility of the acquisitionof territories by force, territorial integrity and noninterference in the internal affairs of other States;(b) The broadest co-operation of all the Statesmembers of the international community, based onequity, whereby tlfe prevailing d i s ~ a r i t i e s in theworld may be banished and prospenty secured forall;(c ) Full and effective participation on the basisof equality of all countries in the solving of worldeconomic problems in the common interest of allcountries, bearing in mind the necessity to ensurethe accelerated development of alI the developingcountries, while devoting particular attention to theadoption of special measures in favour of the leastdeveloped, land-locked and island developing countries as well as those developing countries most seriously affected by economic crises and natural calamities, without losing sight of the interests of otherdeveloping countries;(d ) The right of every country to adopt the economic and social system that it deems the mostappropriate for i ~ s own development and not to besubjected to discrimination of any kind as a result;(e ) Full permanent sovereignty of every Stateover its natural resources and all economic activities.

In order to safeguard these resources, each State isentitled to exercise effective control over them andtheir exploitation with means suitable to its ownsituation, including the right to nationalization ortransfer of ownership to its nationals, this right be-ing an expression of the full permanent sovereigntyof the State. No State may be subjected to economic,political or any other. type of coercion to preventthe free and full exercise of this inalienable right;(1) The right of all States, territories and peoples under foreign occupation, alien and colonialdomination or apartheid to restitution and fullcompensation for the exploitation and depletion of,and damages to, the natural resources and all otherresources of those States, territories and peoples;(g ) Regulation and supervision of the activitiesof transnational corporations by taking measuresin the interest of the national economies of thecountries where such transnational corporationsoperate on the basis of the full sovereignty of thosecountries;(h ) The right of the developing countries andthe peoples of territories under colonial and racialdomination and foreign occupation to achieve theirliberation and to regain effective control over theirnatural resources and economic activities;( i) The extending of assistance to developingcountries, peoples and territories which are undercolonial and alien domination, foreign occupation,racial. discrimination or apartheid or are subjectedto economic, political or any other type of coercivemeasures to obtain from them the subordination ofthe exercise of their sovereign rights and to securefrom them advantages of any kind, and to neocolonialism in all its forms, and which have estab-

lisheJ or are endeavouring to establish effectivecontrol over their natural resources and economicactivities that have been or are still under foreigncontrol;(j) Just and equitable relationship between thcprices of raw materials, primary commodities, manufactured and semi-manufactured goods exportedby developing couJtries and the prices of raw materials, primary commodities, manufactures, capitalgoods and equipment imported by them with the

aim of bringing about sustained improvement in theirunsatisfactory terms of trade and the expansion ofthe world economy;(k) Extension of active assistance to developingcountries by the whole international community.free of any political or military conditions;(I ) Ensuring that one of the main aims of thereformed international monetary system shall be thepromotion of the development of the developingcountries and the adequate flow of real reSOurcesto them;(m ) Improving the competitiveness of naturalmaterials facing competition from synthetic substitutes;(n ) Preferential and non-reciprocal treatment fordeveloping countries, wherever feasible, in all fieldsof international economic co-operation wheneverpossible;(v) Securing favourable conditions for the transfer of financial resources to developing countries;(p) Giving to the developing countries access tothe achievements of modern science and technology,and promoting the transfer of technology and thecreation of indigenous technology for the benefit ofthe developing countries in forms and in accordancewith procedures which are suited to their economies;(q) The need for all States to put an end to thewaste of natural resources, including food products;(r) The need for developing countries to con

centrate all their resources for the cause of development;(s) The strengthening, through individual andcollective actions, of mutual economic, trade, financial and technical co-operation among the developingcountries, mainly on a preferential basis;(t ) Facilitating the role which producers' associations may play within the framework of international co-operation and, in pursuance of their aims,inter alia assisting in the promotion of sustainedgrowth of the world economy and accelerating thedevelopment of developing countries.5. The unanimous adoption of the InternationalDevelopment Strategy for the Second United NationsDevelopment D e c a d e ~ was an important step in thepromotion of international economic co-operationon a just and equitable basis. The accelerated implementation of obligations and commitments assumedby the international community within the framework of the Strategy, particularly those concerningimperative development needs of developing countries, would contribute significantly to the fulfilmentof the aims and objectives of the present Declaration.6. The United Nations as a universal organization should be capable of dealin$ with problemsof international economic co-operation in a compre-

Ii Resolution 2626 (XXV).


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Resolutions adopted on the report of the Ad Hoc Committee shensive manner and ensuring equally the interestsof all countries. It must have an even greater rolein the establishment of a new international economicorder. The Charter of Economic Rights and Dutiesof States, for the preparation of which the presentDeclaration will provide an additional source ofinspiration, will constitute a significant c o n t r i b u ~ o n in this respect. All the States Members of the l!mtedNations are therefore called upon to exert maxImumefforts with a 'view to securing the implementationof the present Declaration, which is one of theprincipal guarantees for the creation of better conditions for all peoples to reach a life worthy ofhuman dignity.7. The present Declaration on the Establishmentof a New International Economic Order shall beone of the most important bases of economic relations between all peoples and all nations.

2229th plenary meeting1 May 19743202 (S.VI). Programme of Action on th e Establishment of a New Interttational Economic

OrderThe General AssemblyAdDpts the following Programme of Action:

PROGRAMME OF ACfION ON THE ESTABLISH.MENT OF A NEW INTERNATIONAL ECO-NOMIC ORDERCONTENTS

S.a"'" PtIpIntnlduction 5I. Fundamental problems of raw materials andprimary commodities as related to trade and de-velopment . . . . . . . . . . S-II . International monelary system and financing ofthe development of developing countries , .. , ' . , . 7III. Industrialization 8IV. Transfer of technology , . . . . . . . . . 8V. Regulation and control over the activities oftransnational corporations ' . . . . . . . . . . , . . 8VI. Charter of Economic. Rights and Duties of States 8

VII. Promotion of co-operation among developingcountries . . . . . . . . . . . . 9VIII. Assistance in the exercise of permanent sover-eignty of States over natural resources . . . . . . . . 9

IX. Strengthening the role of the United Nations sys-tem in the field of international economic co-operation 9X. Special Programme 10

INTRODUCTION1. In view of the continuing severe economic im-balance in the relations betwc:en developed and developing countries, and in the context of the constant andcontinuing aggravation of the imbalance of the economies of the developing countries and the consequentneed for the mitigation of their current economic difficulties, urgent and effective measures need to be takenby the international community to assist the developing countries, while devoting particular attention tothe least developed, land-locked and island developingcountries and those developu.g countries most seriously

affected by economic crises and natural calamitiesleading to serious retardation of development processes,2. With a view to ensuring the application of theDeclaration on the Establishment of a New Interna-.donal Economic Order,6 it will be neoessary to adoptand implement within a specified period a programmeof action of unprecedented scope and to bring aboutmaximum economic co-operation and understandingamong all States, particularly between developed anddeveloping countries, based on the principles of dignity and sovereign equalitv.I. FuNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF RAW MATERIALS ANDPRIMARY COMMODITIBS AS RELATED TO TRADE ANDDEVELOPMENT

1. Raw materialsAll efforts should be made:(a ) To rut an end to all forms of foreign occupation, racia discrimination, apartheid, colonial, neocolonial and alien domination and exploitation throughthe exercise of permanent sovereignty over naturalresources;(b) To take measures for the recovery, exploitation,

development, marketing and distribution of naturalresources, particularly of developing countries, to servetheir national i n t ~ t s , to promote collective s e l f ~ r e l i ance among them and to strengthen mutually beneficialinternational economic co-operation. witb a view tobringing about the accelerated develqpment of devel-oping countries; .(c ) To facilitate the functioning and to further theaims of producers' associations, including t h ~ i r jointmarketing arrangements, orderly commodity trading,improvement in the export income .of producing developmg countries and in their terms of trade, and sustained growth of the world economy for the benefitof all; ,(d) To evolve a just and equitable relationship be

tween the prices of raw materials, primary commodities, manufactured and semi-manufactured goods exported by developing countries and the prices of rawmaterials, primary commodities, food, manufacturedand semi-manufactured goods arid capital equipmentimported by them, .and to work for a link between theprices of exports of developing countries and the pricesof their imports from developed countries;(e ) To take measures to reverse the continued trendof stagnation or decline in the real price of severalcommodities exported by developing countries, despitea general rise in commodity prices, resulting in a decline in the export earnings of these developing countries;(I ) To take measures to expand the markets for

natural products in relation to synthetics, taking intoaccount the interests of the developing countries, andto utilize fully the ecological advantages of theseproducts;(g ) To take measures to promote the processingof raw materials in the producer developing 1:00Ultri.:s.

2. FoodAll efforts should be made:(a ) To take full account of specific problems \) fdeveloping countries, particularly in times of food

e Resolution 3201 (S-VI).


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6 Geueral A,eembly-Slxth Special SeuiODshortages, in the international efforts connected withthe food problem;(b ) To take into account that, owing to lack ofmeans, some developing countries ~ a v e vast p o t ~ n t i a l ~ ties of unexploited or underexplolted land WhiCh, Ifreclaimed and put into practical use, would contributeconsiderably to the solution of the food crisis;

(c) By the international community to undertakeconcrete and speedy measures with a view to arrestingdesertification, salination and damage by locusts orany other similar phenomenon involving several develOiling countries, particularly in Africa, and gravelyaffecting the agricultural production capacity of thesecountries, and also to assist the developing countriesaffected by any such phenomenon to develop the affected zones with a view to contributing to the solution of their food problems;(d) To refrain from damaging or deteriorating natural resources and food resources, especially those derived from the sea, by preventing pollution ,and takingappropriate steps to protect and reconstitute thoseresources;(e ) By developed countries, in evolving their policies relatmg to production, stocks, imports and exportsof food, to take full account of Ute interests of:(0 Developing importing c9untries which cannotafford high prices for their imports;Oi) Developing exporting countries which need increased market opportunities for their exports;

(f) To ensure that developing c ~ u n t r i e s can impo.rtthe necessary quantity of food WIthout u n ~ u e stramon their foreign exchange resources and WIthout unpredictable deterioration in their balance of payments,and in this context, that special measures are takenin ;espect of the least, developed, land-locked ~ d island developing countries as well as those de.veloJ,!mgcountries most seriously affected by economIC Cflsesand natural calamities;(g) To ensure that concrete measures to increasefood production and stora::ge f a c i ~ i t i e s in d e v ~ l o p i n g countries are introduced, Inter alla, by ensunng anincrease in all available essential inputs, including fertilizers, from developed countries on favourable terms;

(h) To promote e x p o r t ~ of food p r o ~ u c t s of deve)Joping countries through Just a!1d e'J.ul,tabl,e arrangements, inter alia, by the progressIVe e h m l n a ~ l o n of suc,hprotective and other measures as constitute unfaIrcompetition,3. General trade

All efforts should be made:(a ) To take the following measures for the amelioration of terms of trade of developing countries andconcrete steps to eliminate chronic trade deficits ofdeveloping countries:

(i) Fulfilment of relevant commitments alreadyundertaken in the United Nations Conferenceon Trade and Development and in the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade;'Oi) Improved access to markets in developedcountries through the progressive removal oftariff and non-tariff barriers and of restrictivebusiness practices;

'Resolution 2626 (XXV).

(jii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

(viii)

(ix)

(x)

(xi)

Expeditious formulation of commodity agreements where appropriate, in order to regulateas necessary and to stabilize the world markets for raw materials and primary commodities;Preparation of an over-aU integrated programme, setting out guidelines and takinginto account the current work in this field,for a comprehensive range of commoditiesof export interest to developing countries;Where products of developing countries compete with the domestic production in developed countries, each developed countryshould facilitate the expansion of importsfrom developing countries and provide a fairand reasonable opportunity to the developing countries to share in the growth of tbemarket;When the importing developed countries derive receipts from customs duties, taxes andother protective measures applied to importsof these products, consideration should begiven to the claim of the developing countriesthat these receipts should be reimbursed infull to the exporting developing countries ordevoted to providing additional resources tomeet their development needs;Developed countries should make appropriate adjustments in their economies so as tofacilitate the expansion and diversification ofimports from developing countries and thereby permit a rational, just and equitable international division of labour;Setting up general principles for pricing policyfor exports of commodities of developin.countries, with a view to rectifying andachieving satisfactory terms of trade for them;Until satisfactory terms of trade are achievedfor all developing countries, considerationshould be given to alternative means, including improved compensatory financing schemesfor meeting the development needs of thedeveloping countries concerned;Implementation, improvement and enlargement of the generalized system of preferencesfor exports of agricultural primary commodities, manufactures and semi-manufacturesfrom developing to developed countries andconsideration of its extension to commodities,including those which are processed or semiprocessed; developing countries which are orwill be sharing their existing tariff advantagesin some developed countries as the result ofthe introduction and eventual enlargement ofthe generalized system of preferences shOUld,as a matter of urgency, be granted newopenings in the markets of other developed countries which should offer them export opportunities that at least compensate for thesharing of those advantages;The setting up of buffer stocks within theframework of commodity arrangements andtheir financing by international financial institutions, wherever necessary, by the developed countries and, when they are able todo so, by the developing countries, with theaim of favouring the producer developing


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Besol.dons adopted . . the report 01 th e ,4,4 floe Ccmmdttee 7and consumer developing countries and ofcontributing to the expansion of world tradeas a whole;

(xli) In cases where natural materials can satisfythe requirements of the market. new investment for the expansion of the capacity toproduce synthetic materials and substitutesshould not be made;(b ) To be guided by the principles. of non-reciprocity and preferential treatment of developing coun-tries in multilateral trade negotiations between developed and developing countries. and to seek sustainedand additional benefits for the international trade ofdeveloping countries, so as to achieve a substantialincrease in their foreign exchange earnings. diversiftcation of their exports and acceleration of the rate oftheir economic growth.

4. TrtmSportation and insU1"tll'lCeAU efforts should be made:(a) To fromote an increasinJl and equitable participation 0 developing countries tn the world shippingtonnage;(b) To arrest and reduce the ever-increasing freiptrates in order to reduce the costs of imports to, andexports from, the developing countries;(c ) To minimize the cost >of insurance and reinsurance for developing countries and to assist theJP'owth of domestic insurance and reinsurance marketsm developing countries and the establishment to thisend, where appropriate, of institutions in these countries or at the regional level;(d ) To ensure the early implementation of the codeof conduct for liner conferences;(e ) To take urgent measures to increase the importand export capability of tbe least developed countriesand to offset the disadvantages of the adverse ge0-graphic situation of land-locked countries, particularlywitfl regard to their transportation and transit costa,as well as developing island countries in order to In-crease their trading abifity;(I) By the developed countries to refrain fromimposing measures or implementing policies designedto prevent the importation, at equitable prices, of com-modities from the developing countries or from frustrating the implementation of leJitimate measures andpolicies adopted by the developing countries in orderto improve prices and encourage the export of suchcommOdities.

n. INTERNATIONAL MONBTAIlY SYSTEM AND Jl'lNANCING OF THB DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIBS

1. ObjectilltlSAll efforts should be made to reform the international monetary system with, Inter alia, the followinaobjectives:(a ) Measures to cbeck the inflation already experi-enced by the developed countries, to prevent it frombeing transferred to developing countries and to studyand devise possible arrangements within the Intern.. .tioaa1 Monetary Fund to mitigate the effects of inIa-don in developed countries on the economies of devel-oping countries;

(b ) Measures to eliminate the instability of the in-ternational monetary system, in particular the uncertainty of the exchange rates, especially as it affectsadversely tbe trade in commodities;(c) Maintenance of the real value of the currencyreserves of the developing countries by preventing theirerosion from inftation and exchange rate depreciationof reserve currencies;(d) Full and effective participation of developingcountries in all pbases of decision-making for theformulation of an equitable and durable mooetarysystem and adequate participation of developing countries in al1 bodies entrusted with this reform and, par-ticlliarly. in the proposed Council of Governors of theInternational Monetary Fund;(e) Adequate and orderly creation of additionalliquidity with particular regard to tbe needs of .thedeveloping countries tbroop the additional allocationof sf!CiaI drawing riahts based on the concept of worldliquidity needs to be appropriately revised m the lightof the new international environment; any creation ofinternational liquidity should be made throup international multilateral mechanisms;(I) Eady establisbment of a link between specialdrawin, rights and additional development financingin the Interest of developing countries. consistent withthe monetary characteristics of special drawing ripts;( ,) Review by tbe International Monetary Fundof the relevant provisions in order to ensure effectivedon by developing countries in the decisionprocess;(It) Arrangements to promote an increasing nettransfer of real resources from the developed to thedeveloping ~ u n t r i e s ; (I) Review of the methods of operation of the International Monetary Fund, in particular the terms forboth credit repayments and "stand-by" arrangements,the system of compensatory financing. and tbe termsof the financing of commodity buffer stocks, so as toenable the developing countries to make more effectiveuse of them.

2. MetJSUresAU efforts should be made to take the followingUl'f'nt meaau.res to finance the d e ~ l o p m e n t of developtng countnes and to meet the balance-of-paymentcrises in the developing world:(a ) Implementation at an accelerated pace by thedeveloped countries of the time-bound programme, asalready laid down in the International Development~ . for the Second United Nations Developmente, for the net amount of financial resource transfen to developing countries; increase in the officialcomponent of the net amount of financial resourcetransfers to developing countries so as to meet andeven to exceed the target of the Strategy;(b) International financing institutions should effectively play their role as development financing ballk,twithout 3isCrimination on account of the political oreconomic system of any member country, assistancebeing untied;(C ) More enective participation oy developing countries, wbether recipients or contributors, in the de-cision-making procea in the competent organs of theInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association.


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8 General Aaaembly-8ixth Special SeuiOD

( i l ) bxempuolI, W l l ~ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' l t ' v " . , , ~ . v , " ....- - - ' - - - ring countries from all import and c a p i ~ l outflow controls imposed by the developed countries;(e ) Promotion of foreign i n v e s t m e ~ t , both ~ u b l . i c and private, from developed to developmg countries maccordance with the needs and requirements in sectorsof their economies as determined by the recipient

countries;(I ) Appr?priate urgent measures, i ~ ~ l u d i n g international actton, should be taken to mItigate adverseconsequences for the current and future developmentof developing countries arising from the burden ofexternal debt contracted on bard terms;(8 ) Debt renegotiation on a case-by-case basis 'Yitha view to concluding agreements on debt cancellation,moratorium, rescheduling or interest subsidization;(h ) International financial institutions should takeinto account the special situation of each developingcountry in reorienting tbeir lending policies to suitthese urgent need.s; there, is also n e ~ f o ~ i m ' p r ~ v e m e ! l t in practices of mternatlonal financial mstltuttons 10

regard to, inter alia, development financing and international monetary problems;(;) Appropriate steps should be taken to givepriority to the l e ~ t developed, l a n d - l o c ~ e d and i s l a n ~ developing countnes and to the countrtes most serIously affected by economic crises and natural calamities, in the availability of loans for development purposes which should include more favourable terms andconditions.

III. INDUSTRIALIZATIONAll efforts should be made by the international community to tab measures to encourage the industrialization of the developing countries, and to this end:(a ) The developed countries should respond favourably, within the framework of their official aid as wellas international financial institutions, to the requests ofdeveloping countries for the financing of industrialprojects;(b) The developed countries should encourage investors to finance industrial production projects, particularly export-oriented production, in developingcountries, in agreement with tbe latter and within thecontext of their laws and regulations;(c ) With a view to bringing about a new international economic structure which should increase theshare of the developing countries in world industrialproduction, the developed countries and the a ~ n c i e s of the United Nations system, in co-operation WIth thedeveloping countries, should contribute to setting upnew industrial capacities including raw materials andcommodity transforming facilities as a matter of priorityin the developing countries that produce those rawmaterials and commodities;(d) The international community should continueand expand, with the aid of the developed countriesand the international institutions, the operational andinstruction-oriented technical assistance programmes,including vocational training and management development of national personnel of the developing countries, in the light of their special development requirements.

(a ) To formulate an international code of conductfor the transfer of technology corresponding to needsand conditions prevalent in developing countries;(b ) To give access on improved terms to moderntechnology and to adapt that technology. as appropriate. to specific economic, social and ecological condi

tions and varying stages of development in developingcountries;(c ) To expand significantly the assistance fromdeveloped to developing countries in research and development programmes and in tbe creation of suitableindigenous technology;(d ) To adapt commercial practices governing transfer of technology to the requirements of the developing countries and to prevent abuse of the rights ofseners;(e ) To promote international co-operation in research and development in exploration and exploitation, conservation and the legitimate utilization ofnatural resources and aU sources of energy.

In taking the above measures, the special needs of theleast developed and land-locked countries should beborne in mind.V. REGULATION AND CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES

OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONSAll efforts should be made to formulate, adopt andimplement an international code of conduct for transnational corporations:(a ) To prevent interference in the internal affairsof the countries where they operate and their collaboration with racist regimes and colonial administrations;(b) To regulate their activities in host countries, toe1iminate restrictive business practices and to conformto the national development plans and objectives ofdeveloping countries, and in this context facilitate, asnecessary. the review and revision of previously concluded arrangements;(c ) To bring about assistance, transfer of tecbnology and management skills to developing countries onequitable and favourable terms;(d ) To regulate the repatriation of the profits accruing from their operations, taking into account thelegitimate interests of all parties concerned;(e ) To promote reinvestment of their profits indeveloping countries.VI. CHARTER OF ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND DunES

OF STATESThe Charter of Economic Rights and Duties ofStates, the draft of which is being prepared by a working group of the United Nations and which the GeneralAssembly has already expressed the intention ofadopting at its twenty-ninth regular session, shall constitute an effective instrument towards the establishmentoi a new system of international economic relationsbased on equity, sovereign equality, and interdependence of the interests of developed and developingcountries. It is therefore of vital importance that the


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Resolutions adopted on the report of th e Ad Hoc Committee 9aforementioned Charter be adopted by the GeneralAssembly at its twenty-ninth session.

VII. PRoMOTION OF CO-OPERATION AMONGDEVELOPING COUNTRIES

1. Collective self-reliance and growing co-operationamong developing countries will further s ~ r e n g t h e n their role in the new international economic order.Developing countries, with a view to expanding cooperation at the regional, subregional and interregionallevels, should take further steps, inter alia:(a ) To support the establishment and/or improvement of an appropriate mechanism to defend the pricesof their exportable commodities and to improve accessto and stabilize markets for them. In this context theincreasingly effective mobilization by the whole groupof oll-exporting countries of their natural resources forthe benefit of their economic development is to beweIr-omed. At the same time there is the paramountneed for co-operation among the developing countriesin evolving urgently and in a spirit of solidarity allpossible means to assist developing countries to copewith the immediate problems resulting from this legitimate and perfectly justified action. The measures already taken in this regard are a positive indication ofthe evolving co-operation between developing countries;(b ) To protect their inalienable right to permanentsovereignty over their natural resources;(c ) To promote, establish or strengthen economicintegration at the regional and subregional levels;(d ) To increase considerably their imports fromother developing countries;(e ) To ensure that no developing country accordsto imports from developed countries more favourabletreatment than that accorded to imports from developing countries. Taking into account the existing international agreements, current limitations and possibiJities and also their future evolution, preferentialtreatment should be given to the procurement of import requirements from other developing countries.Wherever possible, preferential treatment should begiven to imports from developing countries and theexports of those countries;(f) To promote close co-operation in the fields offinance, credit relations and monetary issues, includingthe development of credit relations on a preferentialbasis and on favourable terms;(g ) To strengthen efforts which are already beingmade by developing countries to utilize available financial resources for financing development in the developing countries through investment, financing of exportoriented and emergency projects and other long-termassistance; .(h ) To promote and establish effective instrumentsof co-operation in the fields of industry, science andtechnology, transport, shipping and mass communication media.2. Developed countries should support initiativesin the regional, subregional and interregional cooperation of d e v e l o p i n ~ countries through the extensionof financial and techmcal assistance by more effectiveand concrete actions, particularly in the field of commercial policy.

VIII. ASSISTANCE IN THE EXERCISE OF PERMANENTSOVEREIGNTY OF STATES OVER NATURALRESOURCES

All efforts should be made:(a ) To defeat attempts to prevent the free andeffective exercise of the rights of every State to fulland permanent sovereignty over its natural resources;(b ) To ensure that competent a g e n ~ i e s of the UnitedNations system meet requests for assistance fro!f1 de

veloping countries in connexio!l with the operatlOn ofnationalized means of productlon.IX. STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF THE UNITED

NATIONS SYSTEM IN THE l'IELD OF INTERNI\TIONALECONOMIC CO-OPERATION

1. In furtherance of the objectives of the l n ~ e r national Development Strategy for the Second UDlt.edNations Development Decade and in a ~ c o r d a n c e Withthe aims and objectives of the DeclaratlOn o ~ the Establishment of a New International EconomiC Order,all Member States pledge to ':flake full ~ s e of theUnited Nations system in the Implementation of thepresent Programme of Action, jointly adop!ed by t ~ e m , in working for the establishment of a new mternatlOnaleconomic order and thereby strengthening the role ofthe United Nations in the field of world-wide co-operation for economic and social development.

2. The General Assembly of the United Nati?nsshall conduct an over-all review of the implementatlOnof the Programme of Action as a priority item. Allthe activities of the United Nations system to be undertaken under the Programme of Action as well as thosealready planned, such as the World Population Conference 1974 the World Food Conference, the SecondGeneral Conference of the United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization and the mid-term reviewand appraisal of the International Development Stratc!!yfor the Second United Nations Development Decadeshould be so directed as to enable the !'pecial sessionof the General Assembly on development, called forunder Assembly resolution 3172 (XXVIIT) of 17 December 1973, to make its full contribution to the establishment of the new international economic order. AnMember States are urged, jointly and individually, todirect their efforts and policies towards the successof that special session.

3. The Economic and Social Council shall definethe poticy framework and co-ordinate the activities ofall organizations, institutions and subsidiary bodieswithin the United Nations system which shall be entrusted with the t a ~ k of implementing the present Programme of Action. In order to enable the Economicand Social Council to carry out its tasks effectively:(a ) All organizations, institutions and subsidiarybodies concerned within the United Nations systemshall submit to the Economic and Social Council progress reports on the implementation of the Programmeof Action within their respective fields of competenceas ofren as necessary. but not less than once a year;(b ) The Economic and Social Council shall examine the progress reports as a matter of urgency, towhich end it may be convened, as neces!'ary, in specialsession or, if need be, may function continuously. Itshall draw the attention of the General Assembly tothe problems and difficulties arising in connexion withthe implementation of the Programme of Action.


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II4. AU organizations. institutions, subsidiary bodiesand conferences of the United Nations system are en-trusted with tbe implementation of tbe Programme ofA.ction. The activities of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, as set forth in General Assembly resolution 1995 (XIX) of 30 December1964, shoulrl be strengthened for the purpose of loDowing in collaboration with other competent organizations the development of international trade in rawmaterials tbroughout tbe world.S. Urgent and effective measures sbould be taken toreview tbe lending poJicies of international financialinstitutions, taking into account the special situation( / each developing country, to suit urgent needs, toimprove the practices of these institutions in regard to,inter alia, de-velopment financing and internationalmonetary problems. and to ensure more effective participation by developing countries---whether recipients()[' contributors-in the decision-making processthrough appropriate revision of the pattern of votingrights. .6. The developed countries and others in a positionto do so should contribute substantially to tbe variousorganizations, programmes and funds established

within tbe United Nations system f(lr the purpose ofaccelerating economic: and social development in developing countries.7. The present Programme of Action complementsand strengthens the goals and objectives embodied inthe International Development Strategy for the SecondUnited Nations Development Decade as well II thenew measures formnlated by the Genera' Assembly atits twen.ty-eil!inh session to offset the shortfalls inacbieving those goals and objectives.g. The implementation of the Programme of Actionshould be taken into account at the time of the mkf..term review and appraisal of the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade. New commitments. changes. additions

and adaptations in the Strategy sbould be made. asappropriate. taking int(l account the Declaration onthe Establishment of a New International EconomicOrder and the present Programme of Action.X. SPECIAL PROGRAMME

The General Assembly adopts the following SpecialProgramme, including particularly enlergency mea!luresto mitigate tbe difficulties of the developing countriesmost serious1y affected by economic crisis. bearing inmind the particular probJem of tbe least developedand l a n d ~ J o c k e d countries:T h ~ G ~ n e r t J l A ~ m b l y , Taking into account the following considerations:(a ) The sharp increase in the prices of theiressential imports such II food, fertilb:ers, energy capital goods, equipment and services.ing transportation aDd .transit COSb. hugravely exacerbated the increasin adverse termsof trade of a number of countries,added to the burden of their fo debt and,cumulatively, created a situation which, if leftuntended. will make it impossibJe for them tofinance their essential imports and developmentand result in a further deterioration in tbe levelsand conditions of life in these countries. The pres-ent crisis is the outcome of alJ the problems that

have accumulated over the years: in the field oftrade, in monetary reform, the world-wide inftatiomuy Situation, inadequacy and delay in provision of financial assistance and many otbersimilar problems in the economic and developmental fields. In facing tbe crisis, this compJex SIt-uation must be tKlrne in mind so as to ensurethat the Special Programme adopted the inter national community provides emergency :relief andtimely assistance to the most seriously affectedcountries. Simultaneously. steps are being takento resolve these outstanding problems through afundamental restructuring of the world economicsystem, in order to allow these countries whilesolving the present difficulties to :reach an acceptable level of development.(b) The special measures adopted to assist themost seriously affected countries must encompassnot only the relief which they require on :10 emergency basis to maintain their import requirements,but also. beyond that. steps to consciously promotetbe capacity of the!':e countries to produce andearn more. Unless such a ehensive approachis adopted, there is every oed that tbe dimculfies of the most seriously affected countriesmay be perpetuated. N e , ! e r t b e 1 e ~ s . the first a!ldmost pressing t a . ~ k of the snternatlOnal communItyis to e n ~ i h l e thc


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be adopted by the developed countries and theflow of capital and invest.ment. Estimates of thepayments situation and needs of these countriescan be assessed and Fojected reliably only on thebasis of their average performance over a numberof years. LotIg-term projections, at this time, caD-not but be uncertain.(e ) It is important that, in the special measures to mitigate the difficulties of the most seri

ously affected countries, aD the developed countries as well as the developing countries shouldcontribute according to their level of developmentand the capacity and strength of their economies.It is notable that some developing countries, despite their own difficulties and development needs,have shown a wiIlinpess to play a concrete andhelpful role in ameborating tbe difficulties facedby the poorer developing countries. The variousinitiatives and measures taken recently by certaindevel countries witb adequate resources ona bila and multilateral basis to contribute toalleviating the difficulties of other developingcountries are a reflection of their commitment tothe principle of effective economic co-operationamong developing countries.(I) The response of the developed countrieswbich have by far the greater capacity to assistthe affected countries in overcoming their presentdilicwlties must be commensurate with their responsibilities. Their assistance shou1d be in addition to the presently avaiJable levels of aid. Theysbould fulfil and if possible exceed tbe targets ofthe International Development Strategy for tbeSecond United Nations Development Decade onfinancial assistance to the developing countrieS.especially that relating to official developmentassistance. They should also give consideration to the canceUation of tbe external debtsof the most seriously affected countries. This wouldFovide the simplest and quickest relief to theaffected countries. Favourable considerationshould also be given to debt moratorium andrescheduling. The current situation sbould notlead the industrialized countries to adopt whatwin ultimately p:ove to be a self-defeating policyaggravating tbe present crisis.

Recalling the constructive proposals made by HisImperial Majesty the Sbahansbah of Iran' and HisExcellency Mr. Houari Boumediene, President ofthe People's Democratic Republic of Algeria,'I. Decidu to launch a Special Programme toprovide emergency relief and development assistanceto tbe developing countries most seriously affected.as a matter of urgency, and for the period of time

necessary, at least until the end of the Second UnitedNations Development Decade, to help them overcome their present diflculties and to achieve selfsustaining economic development;2. Decidu as a first in the Special Programmeto request the Secret neral to launcb an emer-gency operation to provide timely relief to tbe mostseriously affected developing countries, as definedin subparagraph (c ) above, with the aim of maintaining unimpaired essential imports for the durationof the coming twelve months and to invite the indus-

A/9S48. annu..Ol/icial Records of the General Assembly ~ X t h 8Pfal8nsioft, Plell4rJ Meelings. 2208th meeting. para.'1 3-152.

11trialized countries and other potential c o n t r i b u t ~ to announce their contributions for emergency assistance, or intimate intention to do so, by15 June 1914 to be provided through bilateral ormultilateral cbannels. taking into account the commitments and measures of assistance announced oralready taken by some countries. and further requeststbe Secretary-General to report the Fogress of ~ emergency operation to tbe General Assembly at Itstwenty-ninth session, tbrough tbe Economic andSocial Council at its fiftyseventb session;3. Calls upon tbe industrialized countries andother potential contributors to extend to t ~ e mostseriously affected couDtries immediate rebef. andassistance wbich must be of an order of magmtudetbat is commensurate with the needs of these countries. Sucb assistance should be in addition to theexisting level of aid and provided at a very earlydate to the maximum possible extent on a grantbasis and, where not possible. on soft terms, Thedisbursement and relevant operational proceduresand terms must re8ect this exceptional s i t u a t i o ~ . The assistance could be provided either through btlateral or multilateral chaMels, including sucb newinstitutions and facilities that bave been or are to beset up. The speclal measures may include the following:

(a ) Special arrangements on particularly f a v o u r ~ able terms and conditions inoluding possible subsidies for and assured supplies of essential commoditiesand goods;(b) Deferred payments for all or part of importsof essential commodities and goods;(c ) Commodity assistance. including food aid, ona grant basis or deferred payments in local currencies.bearing in mind that this should not adversely affecttbe exports of developing countries;(d) Long-term suppliers' credits 00 easy terms;( It ) LotIg-term financial assistance on concessionary terms;( f) Drawings from special International MonetaryFund facilities on coucessional terms;(g ) Establishment of a link between tbe creationof special drawing rights and development assistance,taking into account tbe additional financial requirements of the most seriously affected countries;(h ) Subsidies, provided bilaterally or multilaterany, for interest on funds avaiJabJe on commercialterms borrowed by the most seriously affected countries;( i) Debt renegotiation on a case-by-case basiswith a view to concluding agreements on debt cancellation, moratorium or rescheduUng;(j) Provision on more favourable terms of capitalgoods and technical assistance to accelerate the in-dustria1ization of the affected conntries;(Ie) Investment in industrial and developmentprojects on favourable terms;( l) Subsidizing the additional transit and transportcosts, especialy of the land-locked countries;4. Appeals to the developed countries to considerfavourably the cancellation, moratorium or rescbeduling of the debts of the most seriously affecteddeveloping countries, on tbeir request, as an important contribution to mitigating tbe grave and urgentdifficulties of tbese countries;


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125. Decides to establish a Special Fund under theauspices of the United Nations, t b r o u ~ voluntarycontributions from industrialized countrtes and otherpotential contributors. as a part of the Special Pr0-gramme, to provide emergency relief and development assistance, which will commence its operationsat the latest by 1 January 1975;.6 . Establishes an..4.d Hoc Committee on the SpeCial Programme, composed of thirty--six MemberStates appointed by die President of the GeneralA!SCmbly. after appropriate consultations, bearing inmmd the purposes of the Special Fund and its termsof reference:(a ) To make recommendations, inter alia,.oD thescope, machinery and modes of operation of theSpecial Fund, taking into account the need for:( i) Equitable representation on its governingbody; .(i i) Equitable distribution of its resources;

(iii) Full utilization of the services 1lnd facilitiesof existing international organizations;(iv) The ~ i b i 1 i t y of merging the United NationsCaPItal Development Fund with the operations of the Special Fund;(v ) A ~ t r a 1 monitoring body to oversee theVInOUS measures beilig taken both bilaterallyand multilaterally;and. to this end, bearing in mind the different ideasand proposals submitted at the sixth special session;including those put forward by lranlo and those madeat the 2208th plenary meeting, and the commentsthereon, and the possibility of utilizing the SpecialFund to provide an alternative channel for normaldevelopment assistance after the emergency period;(b) To monitor, pending commencement of theoperations of the Special Fund the various measuresbeing taken both bilaterally 'and multilaterally toassist the most seriously affected countries;

. (c) To prepareon the basis of information pro"tljded by the countries concerned and by appropriateagencies of the United Nations system, a broad assess-ment oft(I) The magnitude of the difticulties facing themost seriously aftected countries;(il) The kind and quantities of the commoditiesand goods essentially required by them;

(iii) Their need for financial assistance;(iv) Their teclmical assistance requirements. in-duding especiaIy access to technology;_ ~ . Requests the Secreta.ry-General of the UnitedNations, the Secretary-General of the United NationsConference on Trade and Development, the President of the International Bank for Reconstructionand Development, the Managing DirectOr of the International Monetary Fund, the Administrator of theUnited Nations Development Programme and theheads of the other competent international organizaQons to assist the..4.d Hoc Committee on the Special

~ o g r a m m e in performing the functions assigned toJt under paragraph 6 above, and to help, as appropriate. in the operations of the Special FUnd;10 AIAC.l66/LU; see allo Al9S4I._.

8. Requests the Intemational Monetary Fund toexpedite decisions on:(a ) The establishment of an extended specialfacility witb a view to enabling the most seriouslyaffected developing countries to participate in it onfavourable terms;(b) The creation of special drawing rights andthe early establisbment of the link between theirallocation and development financing;(c ) The establishment and operation of the proposed new special facility to extend credits and subsidize interest charges on commercial funds borrowedby Member States, bearing in mind the interests ofthe d e y e l O P i n ~ countries and especially the additionalfinanctal reqwrements of the most seriously affectedcountries;9. Requests the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund to place their managerial,financial and technical services at the disposal ofGovernments contributing to emergency financialrelief so as to enable them to assist without delay inchannelling funds to the recipients, making suchinstitutional and procedural changes as may berequired; .10. Invites the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme to take the necessary steps, particularlyat the country level, to respond on an emergencybasis to requestS for additional assistance which itmay be called upon to render within the frameworkof the Special Programme;11. Requests the..4.d Hoc Committee on the Special Programme to submit its report and recommendations to the Economic and Social Council at itsfifty-seventh session and invites the Council, on thebasis of its consideration of that report, to submitsuitable recommendations to the General Assembly atits tweDty-uinth session;12. Decider to consider as a matter of high priority at its twcnty-ninth session, within the frameworkof a DeW international economic order, the questionof special measures for the most seriously affectedcountries.

2229th plenary meeting1 May 1974

,. .The PruUlent oj the General Assembly subsequently informed the Secretary-Generaltl lilat, in pursuance of section X.partlgrapi 6, of the above resolution, he had appointed themembers of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Special Programme.As II rurdt. tM Ad Hoc Committe will be composed of the

following Member Slates: AWmuA, ARGENTINA, AuSTllAUA,BaAzn., CHAD, CosTA RICA, CzEcHOSLOVAICIA, FRANCE, GER-MANY (FEDl!R.AL REPUBUC OP), GUYANA, INDIA, lRAN, JAPAN,KUWAIT, MADAOUCAR, NEPAL, NEntSRLANDS, NIGERIA, NOR-WAY, PAKISTAN, PARAGU.\Y, PHILIPPINES, SoMALIA, SRI LANKA,SUDAN, SwAZl1.AND. SYRIAN ALu REpUBUC, TuttUY. UNIONOF SovIBT SocIAUST REpUBUCS. UNITED KINGDOM OF GREATBRITAIN AND NoaTHERN lRELA.NJ), UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,UPPEll VOLTA., URUGUAY, VBNEZUELA, YUGOSLAVIA and ZAIRE.

11 Al9S58 and Md.I . ... ..

establishment of a new international economic order: report of the sixth special session of the...

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