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Estudios Ambientalesdel Programa de AmpliaciónEstudios Ambientalesdel Programa de Ampliación
Environmental Aspectsof the Panama Canal Expansion
International Seminar on SustainableDredging and Maritime Construction
Daniel M. Muschett IbarraEnvironmental Management and Monitoring Section
Engineering and Programs Administration Department
Contents:
Environmental Standards
Public Consultation
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Commitments
Dredging Components
Disposal Sites
Physical and Chemical Studies
EsIA Deepening and Widening of the Pacific Entrance
Environmental Impact
Mitigation Measures
HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
Environmental Requirements:
Environmental Impact Studies and Enforcing Resolutions
Panamanian Laws and Regulations
ACP Standards
Multilateral Development Banks Requirements
Public Participation
Environmental and Health & Safety Aspects Addressed:
Noise and Vibrations
Air Quality
Water Management
Awareness Training
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Erosion and Sedimentation Control
Wildlife Rescue
Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene
Cultural Resources Protection
Due Diligence Review PerformanceStandards (PS)Compliance
PS 1: Social and Environmental Assessment and Management System
EIA included a social and environmental assessment, management program, organizational capacity, training, community engagement, monitoring & reporting
PS 2: Labor and Working ConditionsContractors are to comply with labor regulations, and measures to protect work force and monitor working conditions
PS 3: Pollution Prevention and AbatementEIA included measures for pollution prevention, resources conservation, wastes and hazardous materials management, and emergency preparedness and response
Due Diligence ReviewPerformanceStandards (PS)Compliance
PS 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource ManagementImpacts over biodiversity evaluated, measures for biodiversity conservation and natural resources management included in the EsIA.
PS 7: Indigenous PeoplesIndigenous peoples communities are not affected by the project.
PS 8: Cultural HeritageMeasures implemented to protect cultural heritage
PS 4: Community Health, Safety and SecurityWorks away from populated areas; measures to protect communities health & safety
PS 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary ResettlementLimited involuntary resettlement, consultation and grievance mechanisms, Gatun Lake socio environmental management plan
Rescue and RelocationRescue and Relocation
Due Diligence ReviewEquator Principles Compliance
Principle 1: Review and CategorizationCategory III, equivalent to Category A
Principle 2: Social and Environmental AssessmentEsIA completed and approved in November 2007
Principle 3: Applicable Social and EnvironmentalStandardsNational Standards comparable to EPA.
Principle 4: Action Plan and Management SystemEIA included an Environmental Management Plan to be implemented.
Principle 5: Consultation and DisclosureProject was approved by referendum and consultation took place according to the EIA process
Due Diligence ReviewEquator Principles Compliance
Principle 6: Grievance MechanismACP informs communities and Office for
community relations will be established. A grievance mechanism has been established
Principle 7: Independent ReviewERM ESDD Report
Principle 9: Independent Monitoring and ReportingIndependent consultant prepared the first audit report (PES), new contract for period 2008 - 20014.
Principle 8: CovenantsApply contractual environmental covenants
Public Consultation
Extensive Consultation During All Project Stages
Process initiated during the Referendum information phase in 2006
During the EsIA process two public meetings were held, one in the Atlantic and one in the Pacific
Community meetings were held to inform about the dredging and the first dry excavation projects
EsIA is available at ACP web page
Free telephone line and email address available for public participation
Two public relations offices will be established (Atlantic and Pacific)
Environmental Monitoring and Follow Up
Independent Consultant Compliance Evaluation:
Overall Compliance Status 96 – 100%
100%Gatun Access Road
100%Field Offices
98%PAC 2
96%PAC 1
ComplianceProject
Environmental Monitoring of the Mitigation Measures:
Implementation - Contractor (daily)Internal inspections - IARM (variable)Report on application and effectiveness
EMP – Independent Consultant (semiannual)
Overall compliance – ANAM (semiannual)
Independent Consultant: “Maintainingimpartiality, objectivity, and
transparency in the eyes of all project stakeholders is critical” IFC
Paraíso Hill – Borinquen Highway
Internal inspecciones - IARM
• Interviews with workers to verify working conditions, safety and occupational health issues and training
• Contractors comply providing workers with safety and protective equipment in accordance with the type of work they perform
• Safety meetings are conducted
• Working shifts are implemented
Monitoring of labor conditions – Dry Excavations
Water Quality MonitoringPAC 1
PAC 2
Physical-chemical and microbiological Parameters
On-site Parameters– pH, temperature, conductivity,
dissolved oxygenLaboratory Parameters
– Alkalinity, total dissolved and suspended solids, turbidity, sulfates
– Nutrients• Phosphates, nitrates, nitrites
– Metals• Calcium, magnesium, sodium,
potassium, copper, lead, iron, zinc, aluminum, manganese, beryllium
– Coliforms• Totals• Fecal (E.Coli)
Hydro seedingHydro seeding
Drainages CanalizationDrainages Canalization
Sedimentation system(coarse sediment)Sedimentation system(coarse sediment)
Installation of erosion control blanketsInstallation of erosion control blankets
Construction of temporary docks for sediment settlingConstruction of temporary docks for sediment settling
Erosion and Sedimentation Controls
Sedimentation system(fine sediment)Sedimentation system(fine sediment)
Environmental Commitments
ACP Organizational Structure
ACP Organizational Structure Modified to Respond to Project Requirements:
Resources Planning and Project Controls Division
Environmental Management and Monitoring Section (IARM)
Verify Expansion Program compliance with environmental and social requirements
Develop environmental requirements and guidelines
Monitor environmental measures effectiveness and compliance
Interacts with communities in regard to environmental and social aspects of the project
Advice on environmental requirements to be included within contracts
Coordinate measures for cultural heritage protection
Archaeological surveys and rescues at the probable alignment for the new locks at the Pacific, Cocoli disposal sites, Cocoli Diversion channel, Rousseau, and the proposed Borinquen Highway alignment, in January 2006, May 2007, March 2008 and May 2008
Coordination with the Museo del Canal Interoceánico to exhibit Archaeological & Paleontological findings.
Established procedure for archeological / paleontological findings
Archaeologist on call for findings evaluation and rescue during project execution
Archaeological Surveys and Rescue
Environmental Commitments
Contract with Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for:
• Paleontological research and rescue
• Reconstruction of plant and animal diversity
• Oceanic and climatic model addressing variations due to the rise of the Isthmus
• Detailed Geological Map
• Stratigraphic and structural model of the Canal and tectonic evolution of the Isthmus
• Geological dating of units of interest
Paleontological Surveys and Rescue
Environmental Commitments
Overall, reforestation of 1,000 hectares is required.
Work to take place in protected areas.
145 hectares planted in 2008
Ecological Compensation
Environmental Commitments
2009 Reforestation Areas:Chiriquí – Parque Nacional Volcan Barú and ANAM’s
Forestry Investigation Center
Coclé – Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos
Panamá – Parque Nacional Chagres and Parque Nacional
Camino de Cruces
On going coordination with ANAM to cover 270 hectares during year 2009.
26,393 45,460
131,03361,620
410 384
269,060370,225
452,700
1,357,285
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
Component
East Navigation ChannelWest Navigation ChannelAtlantic LocksPacific LocksAtlantic Field OfficePacific Field OfficePAC 1PAC 2PAC 3Total
Ecological Indemnization
A total of 1,357,285.00 US Dollars have been paid in concept of ecological indemnization
PAC 1- PAC 2
Wildlife Rescue Plans are required and included in all Environmental Management Plan of the EsIAs
Wildlife Rescue
Environmental Commitments
Rescue efforts have resulted in the relocation of:
SlothsCrocodilesIguanasRabbitsReptilesAmphibiaCoatimundiOcelot
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DREDGING ACTIVITIESCANAL EXPANSION PROGRAM
Canal Expansion Program Dredging Components
Canal Expansion Program Dredging Components
Deepening and Wideningof the Atlantic Entrance Channel
Deepening and Wideningof the Atlantic Entrance Channel
Deepening and Widening of theGatún Lake Navigation ChannelsDeepening and Widening of the
Gatún Lake Navigation ChannelsDeepening of the Culebra Cut
Navigation ChannelsDeepening of the Culebra Cut
Navigation Channels
Deepening and Wideningof the Pacific Entrance Channel
Deepening and Wideningof the Pacific Entrance Channel
14 M m3Volumen:
Atlantic Entrance Deepening and WideningAtlantic Entrance Deepening and Widening
Width: 225m (740´) ▶Width: 225m (740´) ▶
Gatun Lake and Culebra Cut Deepening and Widening
Gatun Lake and Culebra Cut Deepening and Widening
Deepening and Widening of the Gatún Lake and
Culebra Cut Navigation Channels(Dredging - 27 M m3)
Pacific Entrance Deepening and Widening(9.1 M m3)
Pacific Entrance Deepening and Widening(9.1 M m3)
Baseline studies Evaluation of existing environmental conditionsTechnical Factors (site preparation, use, and material transportation methods)Environmental ImpactsMitigation and environmental monitoring requirements
Environmental evaluation of the Atlantic and Pacific disposal sites
Atlantic site Pacific site
Water QualitySuspended solids and turbidity
Chlorides
Total disolved solids
Conductivity
Inorganic chemistry
Physical – Chemical Studies Gatun Lake and Canal Sea Entrances
SedimentsGrain size distribution
Metals
Currents and tides
Bathymetry
Hydrodynamic Studies at the Canal Entrances(Dredging and disposal sites)
Currents simulations durante las mareas:
Flooding tideMaximum high tideFalling tideMaximum low tide
PacíficoPacífico
Atlantic
Bathymetric studies at the canal entrances
Pacific Area Atlantic Area
225m (740´) Min
225m (740´) Min
“Deepening and Widening of the Pacific Entrance”.
Approved on 7 August, 2007 Inspection by Sectorial Environmental Units and ANAM
Pacific entrance (9,2 M m3 – to be dredged)
Environmental Impacts
Positive Impacts
Employment generation Economic and social contributions
Negative Impacts
Vibrations generation Sedimentation and turbidity increase Geomorphologic changes (sea bed) Sea water quality changes Effects on aquatic flora and fauna
Variación en la Turbidez y Sólidos Totales Suspendidos
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1S 1F 2S 2F 3S 3F 4S 4F 1S 1F 2S 2F 3S 3F 4S 4F 1S 1F 2S 2F 3S 3F 4S 4F
2005-09-19 (Antes de la operación) 2005-10-24 (Durante la operación) 2005-11-30 (Después de la operación)
Fecha de muestreo
STS (mg/l) Turb. (UNT)
Antes
Durante
Después
Dredging Mitigation Measures
Measures to reduce turbidityDecrease sediments re-suspension
Hopper-suction dredger: Optimize velocity, suction mouth, and deposit pumping; limit spillovers and/or chute load; reduce water intake; utilize a return flow; and reduce air content in spillover mix.
Cutter-suction dredger: Optimize velocity of suction cut, balancing and discharge; protect cutting or suction head; and optimize the cutting head design.
Deep dredger: Utilize a visor over the bucket; and utilize a screen or curtain.
Mitigation Measures
DISCHARGE SCHEME FOR CONTROLED HOPPER
Prevention of turbidity during material disposal
DREDGED MATERIAL ACCUMULATION MODEL BY SINGLE PARTICLES
DREDGED MATERIAL ACCUMULATION MODEL BY JET
Dredging mitigation measures
Sediments and Marine Environment Monitoring Plan
Water column quality measurements
Sea bed physical, chemical and biological characteristics measurements
Hydrographic measures
Aquatic fauna (Fish) monitoring
Measures to reduce sediments discharges tonatural water bodies and/or the canal
Use of sediment control weirs;Filling of spoil sites controlling the secure level corresponding to the perimetric containment; andUse of transverse intermediate walls.
Mitigation Measures – Disposal Sites
Sitio de depósitoTanque Negro Sur
Murointermedio
Mitigation measures - vibrations due to blasting
Blasting activities planning
Minimize blasting damages through the blasting location, weight, and elements synchronization
Vibrations monitoring during blasting
Nearby buildings and structures inspections
Mitigation measures for noise reduction
Noise silencers on equipments with internal combustion motors
Periodical maintenance of construction equipment
National regulations and standards compliance
Restricted schedules for blasting activities
Monitoring by competent consultants and keeping the documentation updated
Vibrations and Blasting Effects Monitoring Plan
Monitor vibrations due to blasting on nearby residences
Seismographs installation
Graphic documentation for each blasting
Monitor on a regular basis the implementation of mitigation measures for noise, vibrations, and contaminant gases reduction
Supervise the compliance of the equipment maintenance programs
Perform, quarterly, sound and frequency measurements in public affected areas
Air emissions and noise control and monitoring plan
Works are carefully planned, evaluated and executed to prevent, minimize, and mitigate adverse impacts
and improve environmental performance