ethiopia crisis response plan 2021 - reliefweb

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Ethiopia Crisis Response Plan 2021

IOM VISION

IOM Ethiopia plans to provide timely and tailored humanitarian assistance andresilience programming for crisis-affected populations in Ethiopia andvulnerable migrant returnees, aiming towards durable and sustainablesolutions.

IOM PROPOSED RESPONSE

OBJECTIVE FUNDINGREQUIRED

PEOPLETARGETED

Save lives and respond to needs throughhumanitarian assistance and protection 69,772,800 1,565,629

Address the drivers and longer term impacts ofcrises and displacement through investmentsin recovery and crisis prevention

35,500,000 210,000

Strengthen preparedness and reduce disasterrisk 2,200,000 10,000

Contribute to an Evidence Based and EfficientCrisis Response System 4,500,000 8,444

UPDATED: 30 MAR 2021

$111,972,800Funding Required

1,779,073People Targeted

100Entities Targeted

CONTACT INFORMATION

IOM Special Liaison Office in EthiopiaPhone: +251 (0) 115571707 IOMEthiopia Programme Support Unit:[email protected]

PRIMARY TARGET GROUPS

Internally displaced person1.International migrant2.Local population / community3.Refugee4.Former combatant / fighter5.

http://iom.int


SUMMARY OF PROPOSED RESPONSE 2021

TITLE FUNDING REQUIRED (USD) 2021

Save lives and respond to needs through humanitarian assistance and protection

Protection 3,000,000

Shelter, Settlements and Non-Food Items 35,406,800

Provision of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Emergencies 11,326,000

Camp Coordination and Camp Management 6,500,000

Health Support 6,165,000

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Response 3,000,000

Movement Assistance 4,375,000

Address the drivers and longer term impacts of crises and displacement through investments in recoveryand crisis prevention

Address the Socio-economic Impacts of Health Crises 6,500,000

Durable Solutions 6,000,000

Peacebuilding and peace preservation 18,000,000

Community stabilization 5,000,000

Strengthen preparedness and reduce disaster risk

Points of Entry 200,000

Disaster Prevention 2,000,000

Contribute to an Evidence Based and Efficient Crisis Response System

Displacement Tracking 4,000,000

First Line of Defence 500,000

Total Funding Required 111,972,800


2021 - Ethiopia Crisis Response Plan 2021CONTEXT ANALYSIS

Ethiopia faces one of the most complex human mobility environments in the world, with a range of social, economic,political and climatic factors driving populations within and outside its borders. In 2020, the country faced a series ofshocks that particularly impacted displacement affected communities. The COVID-19 pandemic, the invasion of thedesert locust as well as the heavy floods in several parts of the country, all contributed to the increase in the vulnerabilityof a population already living in precarious conditions. Incidences of political and intercommunal violence flared up inseveral regions of the country as a result of the tensions around the postponed 2020 elections. In November 2020,tensions between the national and regional governments developed into widespread conflict in the Tigray Region,creating a volatile humanitarian situation as numerous civilians have been displaced. All these events pose high stakesfor the stability of the country.

Ethiopia has one of the world’s largest internally displaced populations with displacement risks remaining high in 2021.According to IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Report from August 2020, 1.82 million people are internallydisplaced across 1,298 sites in Ethiopia. The primary drivers of this displacement were conflict – by a large margin – aswell as climatic shocks such as drought and floods. Ethiopia’s displacement landscape shifted significantly in 2019 and2020 following the Government of Ethiopia's (GoE) plan to return or relocate internally displaced persons (IDPs)nationwide, which led hundreds of thousands of IDPs to return to their areas of origin or relocate to land designated bygovernmental bodies. Ethiopia is also the second largest refugee-hosting country in Africa, hosting mainly refugees fromSouth Sudan, Somalia, Eritrea and Sudan.

Living conditions for returnees, those who have relocated and IDPs alike, are dire and needs remain high. Shelter, safeaccess to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), basic health services, and critical non-food items (NFIs) are urgent forall. Given the deterioration in the relationships between various levels of government and a recent uptick in conflict,community stabilization, peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts are much needed in the country, both to resolve, andprevent further conflict-induced internal displacement. In addition, disaster prevention and reduction efforts are essentialto reduce displacement associated with disasters related to natural hazards and climate risks and to strengthen resilienceby incorporating “build-back-better” measures in recovery and reconstruction.

Ethiopia is also a departure, transit and destination country for mixed migration flows in the region. The COVID-19pandemic translated into increased challenges for spontaneous migrant returnees and deportees. Between 1 April and 31December 2020, over 30,000 migrants returned to Ethiopia from Djibouti, Sudan, Somalia and Kenya - similar levels ofspontaneous returns are expected for 2021. The rate of forced returns from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)plummeted from a monthly average of 10,000 prior to COVID-19 to 721 during the rest of 2020. IOM estimates that asmany as 120,825 could return to Ethiopia from KSA over the course of 2021. With the recent closure of most quarantinefacilities designated for migrant returnees, immediate needs have shifted towards points of entry (PoEs), which are notadequately equipped to provide support to returnees during the mandatory quarantine period. The mass return ofEthiopian migrants has serious consequences not just for individual migrants and their families, but also for communitiesand regions that already face significant socioeconomic challenges.

COORDINATION

IOM is a key agency and standing member of the Ethiopian Humanitarian Country Team (EHCT) and the GoE’s NationalDisaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC) preparedness and response efforts, such as the annual inter-agencyHumanitarian Response Plan (HRP). As the Shelter/NFI (S/NFI) Cluster lead agency, co-chaired with the GoE/NDRMC, IOMis a member of the Disaster Risk Management Technical Working Group (DRMTWG), the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group(ICCG), and the National Flood Task Force (NFTF). IOM also co-leads the recently activated Camp Coordination and CampManagement (CCCM) cluster with UNHCR. IOM has been a pioneer of durable solutions within the country and is co-chairof the Federal Durable Solutions Working Group (DSWGs) and several Regional DSWGs. IOM is also an active member of:

Ethiopia Cash Working Group – Co-chair.Interagency Accountability Working Group (IAAWG) - Co-chair.National WASH Cluster Strategic Advisory Group (SAG).National S/NFI Cluster SAG.National Protection Cluster SAG IOM interventions are coordinated at all levels with relevant governmental, non-governmental, and UN partners.

For the COVID-19 response, IOM is collaborating with the Emergency Coordination Cell (ECC) under NDRMC and its


regional branches, and the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) under the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), whichare in charge of spearheading the national COVID-19 response. IOM’s interventions are coordinated at all levels withrelevant governmental, non-governmental, and UN partners. For instance, to support KSA returnees, IOM works closelywith government, UN and civil society partners to provide life-saving post-arrival assistance, reintegration assistance, andspecial assistance to unaccompanied migrant children. In addition to day-to-day coordination between partners’operational staff, activities are coordinated through a coordination platform and regular meetings. IOM Ethiopia isfurthermore coordinating joint planning of UN and civil society partners under the Migrant Response Plan (MRP) forYemen and the Horn of Africa.

IOM CAPACITY

IOM Ethiopia is headquartered in Addis Ababa, with a strong geographical presence across eight regions: Benishangul-Gumuz (Assosa), Somali (Jigjiga), Gambella (Gambella), Oromia (Moyale, Bule Hora, Nekempte), Afar (Semera), Tigray(Shire, Mekelle), Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (Hawassa), and Dire Dawa City. IOM furthermore recentlyopened a Field Emergency Response Hub in Gondar, Amhara region, to respond to the Crisis in Northern Ethiopia. IOMEthiopia has more than 900 staff members, of whom more than 100 are working within the Emergency and Post-Crisis(EPC) program across the country, including a grants-based program called the Rapid Response Fund through whichsmall grants fund INGOs and local NGOs. IOM has been a leader in emergency and post-crisis assistance in Ethiopia fordecades and continues to provide impartial and accountable services for displacement affected and at-risk communitiesnationwide. IOM Ethiopia has a dedicated Migrant Health Department, providing comprehensive health services tomigrants and vulnerable populations across Ethiopia, including migration health assessments and travel assistance,health assistance to migrants, and health and MHPSS response to crisis situations. IOM’s Migration Health AssessmentCentre (MHAC) in Addis Ababa currently provides First Line of Defence (FLoD) services to eligible UN staff anddependents, i.e. health services consequential to COVID-19, thereby supporting staff and making it possible for the UN tocontinue to operate.

SAVE LIVES AND RESPOND TO NEEDS THROUGH HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND PROTECTION

Funding Required$69,772,800

People Targeted1,565,629

People Targeted Description

Target beneficiaries under this component are 1,343,500 displacement affected people. Beneficiarycommunities participate in this effort from start to finish - from local women's committees supporting thedesign and management of projects, to daily worker programs for the implementation of projects. Targetbeneficiaries include 43,750 refugees assisted with relocation assistance. In addition, IOM will target 178,379vulnerable returnees to Ethiopia, most of them forced returnees from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia andEthiopia’s neighbouring countries who will be quarantined at Points of Entry, or other GoE designatedquarantine facilities as part of the government’s efforts to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. IOMforesees that among them could be as many as 11,400 unaccompanied migrant children (UMC).

PROTECTION

In order to strengthen the protection response to vulnerable returnee migrants at Pointsof Entry, IOM plans to carry out the following interventions:

Registration of returnees’ biodata to better identify the protection needs ofreturnees and to facilitate referrals.Family tracing and reunification.Provision of safe return options in the form of cash for onward transportationallowances to the most vulnerable returnees.Protection monitoring and mainstreaming, particularly on aspects of childprotection, GBV, PSEA and rights-based approaches.Training of key stakeholders, including government and non-governmentagencies as well as IOM staff, on key protection issues such as child protectionand counter-trafficking and smuggling, and GBV risk mitigation.



SHELTER, SETTLEMENTS AND NON-FOOD ITEMS

IOM’s 2021 Shelter and Non-Food Items (S-NFI) program will pursue interventionssupporting the nexus between emergency and recovery phases. Emergency responseinterventions will ensure critical steps are taken to provide safety and dignity andaccess to basic household supplies for displacement affected populations and returneemigrants, while recovery programs will pursue participatory shelter repairs andrehabilitation. Housing and land issues will be assessed and prioritized for support in allrelevant contexts to ensure adequate security of tenure and avoid the eviction ofbeneficiaries. Cash-Based Interventions (CBI) will be considered dependent on thecontext of each target area. Where possible, shelter interventions will be conductedalongside WASH, Site Management Support (SMS), and Health sectors to increase theimpact of the response. Activities include:

Response to sudden displacement due to floods, drought, conflict and otherevents through the appropriate response modality based on needs assessments,including the provision of ES/NFI kits, basic shelter repair assistance (capacitybuilding and provision of rehabilitation kits) or cash-based interventions.Establishment of an ES/NFI pipeline integrating hygiene needs (WASH items) toguarantee timely emergency responses for internally displaced populations inEthiopia.Decongestion activities in cluster prioritized IDP sites to mitigate the risks ofovercrowding due to the current COVID-19 pandemic.Provision of emergency shelter and NFI kits to vulnerable migrants returning toEthiopia being required to quarantine/for their stay at Points of Entry.


PROVISION OF WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE IN EMERGENCIES

IOM’s 2020 WASH strategy will focus on the expansion of emergency responsecapacities to ensure timely and appropriate services across the country whileprioritising activities that reduce the likelihood of public health outbreaks in view of theCOVID-19 pandemic and other common diseases in Ethiopia. All distribution, trainingand mass gathering activities will be implemented following national/WHO COVID-19preventive measures to promote safety. Activities include:

Rehabilitation and expansion of water supply systems.Construction or rehabilitation of communal sanitation facilities, includinghandwashing facilities in health posts/facilities and schools, based on communityconsultations and taking into account gender-specific needs.Improvement and management of existing WASH facilities at entry and borderpoints.Hygiene promotion and awareness-raising, including capacity building ofrelevant local actors.Provision of basic hygiene kits including menstrual hygiene management (MHM)components.Increasing cash-based intervention (CBI) opportunities within the WASH sector.


CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT

In 2021, Site Management Support (SMS) teams will provide coordination andinformation management support to enable the provision of assistance and protectionto displaced populations and returnees, including activities to mitigate the spread ofCOVID-19. Support will focus on the four pillars of response: - Site/Area Coordination,including Information Management

Support to site management/local authorities for the coordination ofhumanitarian response in their area of responsibility (IDP Sites, Kebele, Woreda,etc.)Production of information products for coordination and decision making,including COVID-19 preparedness and response.



- Site Planning, Maintenance & Upgrading

Maintenance/improvement of communal structures, small-scale sites or localinfrastructure.Safety, accessibility, and protection risk audits, including on GBV. Identified risksare addressed either through direct implementation (e.g. partitioning ofcommunal spaces) or referrals.

- Community Participation/Self-Governance Activities

Establishment and training of community representative bodies, such as sitemanagement committees, Kebele committees (in return/out-of-site locations),women’s committees and youth committees, to act as a liaison betweencommunities and humanitarian actors/authorities.Running of community feedback mechanisms (CFM) in both IDP and returneelocations, including referral of complaints to relevant actors for follow-up/closure.

- Capacity Building

Camp/site management training for staff, authorities, partners and otherstakeholders, with an emphasis on COVID-19 mitigation and protectionmainstreaming, including GBV risk mitigation and response.

HEALTH SUPPORT

IOM seeks to strengthen and expand upon its core health activities in current areas andlaunch further support to new operational locations in response to needs, incorporatingCOVID-19 support in its routine primary health care provision. IOM’s interventions areclosely coordinated and integrated with the governmental health system. Activitiesinclude:

Provision of essential lifesaving primary health care services to underserved,unreached, crisis-affected communities and returning IDPs.Provision of sexual and reproductive health services and referral of GBV casesusing existing referral pathways as well as strengthened coordination with theProtection Cluster.Health and hygiene promotion on common communicable diseases and otherpriority health topics.Mass and routine vaccinations, particularly for children under five years andwomen of childbearing age.Rehabilitation of damaged or destroyed health facilities, including the provisionof medicines and medical supplies.Deploying IOM Health Rapid Response Teams/Mobile Health and Nutrition Teams(MHNTs) to assist governmental health offices at all levels in the early detection,referral and emergency case management.Supporting the disease surveillance, early warning and response system.Health support for returnee migrants, including diseases surveillance and basicmedical support.


MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT IN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

In 2021, IOM will focus on providing mental health and psychosocial support activities,including counselling to IDPs and vulnerable returnee migrants, while capacitating localactors to provide quality assistance. IOM applies an integrated approach to ensure thatcommunity resilience is adequately boosted, while severe cases are properly supportedin line with IOM’s Manual on Community-Based MHPSS in Emergencies andDisplacement and government referral pathways. Activities include:

Provision of psychological first aid, screening and referral of severe cases fordisplaced populations and vulnerable returnee migrants, including victims oftrafficking.Expanding the buddy system and peer to peer networks for migrant returnees.



Capacity building of government, UN and non-government staff to providequality MHPSS services to IDPs and returnee migrants, while mainstreamingCOVID-19 prevention and response approaches.Awareness-raising on sexual reproductive health stigma, gender-based violenceand protection of girls.Support local partners in providing MHPSS services in areas of return to ensurecontinuity of care.

MOVEMENT ASSISTANCE

In 2021, IOM, in coordination with UNHCR, government and other partners, will providerelocation assistance and protection in a timely, safe and dignified way for emergencytransportation from Points of Entry (PoEs) to designated camps in Ethiopia, as well asrelocation between camps. An effective feedback mechanism is in place to ensurebeneficiaries receive adequate and timely information on access to travel andassistance. To ensure their safety and dignity, experienced medical and operations staffare deployed in our operational areas. Activities include:

Pre-departure awareness and medical screening to evaluate fitness to travel forsignificant protection concerns.Referrals for urgent medical and vulnerable protection cases.Operational escorts for movements. Emergency transportation of refugees from PoEs to camps as well as inter-camptransportation for protection purposes.Providing medical escorts to the most vulnerable.


ADDRESS THE DRIVERS AND LONGER TERM IMPACTS OF CRISES AND DISPLACEMENT THROUGHINVESTMENTS IN RECOVERY AND CRISIS PREVENTION


People Targeted210,000


IOM seeks to respond to the needs of IDPs in protracted displacement as well as returnees who face a range ofchallenges to achieving sustainable reintegration. IOM will also collaborate with community actors, such aswomen's peace committees as agents of change, and marginalized groups, as well as relevant governmentaland non-governmental stakeholders. In addition, IOM will promote the sustainable reintegration of formercombatants.

ADDRESS THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HEALTH CRISES


COVID-19 is expected to exacerbate the factors contributing to unsafe irregularmigration in the most vulnerable households of migration hotspot areas. IOM aims toprovide viable alternatives to (re)migration and to stabilise socioeconomicallydistressed communities through community-based interventions in 20 key migrationhotspots. These interventions will promote partnerships among returnees and non-migrant members of the community, as well as with local NGOs that have an activepresence at the grassroots level. Activities include:

Community resources mappingsCommunity-based reintegration projects such as community infrastructurerehabilitations prioritizing lifesaving infrastructure in the immediate term andcritical economic infrastructure during the recovery phase or livelihoods projectsto recover livelihoods lost as a cause of COVID-19. This will include support forsmall to medium enterprises to recover lost livelihoodsIndividual reintegration assistance to 5,000 of the most vulnerablereturnees/community members, prioritizing households whose livelihoods havebeen affected by the impacts of COVID-19.Develop the capacities of local government and non-government actors withlivelihood support mandates to provide services to mitigate the negative socio-economic impact of the crisis.Conduct awareness-raising campaigns on safe migration practices,mainstreaming COVID-19 prevention and IPC, in prominent areas of originreaching out to 55,000 community conversation group members.


DURABLE SOLUTIONS

With the overall goal of contributing to the Government of Ethiopia’s efforts toprogressively resolve the displacement of IDPs in the country, IOM focuses onsupporting the implementation of the Durable Solutions Initiative (DSI) Ethiopia, jointlylaunched by the GoE and the UN in December 2019. In 2021, IOM will continue tosupport:

Establishing and/or coordinating federal, regional and zonal Durable SolutionsWorking Groups (DSWG).Providing technical support to federal and regional governments to deliverprincipled durable solutions interventions.Setting up national and regional governance systems for post-crisis recovery.Increasing government and DSWGs’ institutional capacity for theimplementation, monitoring and evaluation of durable solutions, and improvingdata for durable solutions policy and program design.Community-Based Planning (CBP) processes to address communities’ self-identified recovery priorities, including rehabilitation of communityinfrastructure.


PEACEBUILDING AND PEACE PRESERVATION

Given the fragility of state and community structures, IOM supports national processesto promote peace and reconciliation and the building of an inclusive peaceinfrastructure and dispute resolution mechanisms. Interventions aim to strengthen thecapacity of local government and local inter-governmental structures on conflictprevention, as well as customary conflict resolution mechanisms. In addition, a bottom-up approach focuses on communities at the grassroots level – IOM organizes interactivecommunity activities to find durable resolutions to conflicts and to foster stability andsocial cohesion of various ethnic groups, including marginalized community memberssuch as youths, women and persons with disability. Activities will include:

Supporting community dialogues for communities to settle disputes andgrievances.Strengthening customary and statutory conflict management mechanismsthrough co-ordination platforms at different administrative levels.Create/capacitate women peace platforms on the conflict management systems.



This platform will be used to discuss grievances and human rights violations andlinking them with the respective referral systems.Capacity building of local government experts on conflict prevention andresolution.Establishing and strengthening Conflict Early Warning Systems at local levelthrough establishing situation rooms and capacitating the local government onthe Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN)Revitalizing peace communities at the local level and advocating on inclusiveand peaceful communities through supporting the communities’ priorities suchas income-generating activities, rehabilitation of social services (schools, healthposts, water points etc.), and community cultural activities/games, etc.Social and economic reintegration of former combatants, including MHPSSsupport.

COMMUNITY STABILIZATION

IOM supports climate- and conflict-affected communities across Ethiopia to re-establishsocial, economic, and local, regional as well as federal governance structures in thewake of crises. Interventions focus on working with community networks and localgovernance structures to promote social cohesion and strengthen institutional capacity,thus improving community self-reliance and the conditions necessary for recovery. IOMalso supports sustainable livelihood and economic activities to vulnerable IDPs, returneeand host community households to improve their socio-economic conditions andstrengthen their local integration. In view of high youth unemployment and genderdisparities in Ethiopia, interventions focus on the socio-economic empowerment ofvulnerable youth and women. Activities include:

Supporting the rehabilitation and reconstruction of community infrastructure.Trainings and practical work experience.Livelihoods assistance through on- and off-farm enterprises.Inclusive governance dialogue and training, ensuring community-drivensolutions and recovery through the community-based planning (CBP) model.


STRENGTHEN PREPAREDNESS AND REDUCE DISASTER RISK




Under this Objective, IOM will target government actors who are managing PoEs, focusing on health aspects ofborder management, as well as local government structures and communities affected by displacement or atrisk of displacement due to natural hazards.

POINTS OF ENTRY

IOM will continue supporting Points of Entry (PoEs) and their main actors to strengthenhealth aspects of border management amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This will include:

Capacity development support to actors who are managing PoEs, particularlyregarding health aspects of border management.

Funding Required$200,000

DISASTER PREVENTION

Funding Required


IOM uses a holistic two-fold approach to implement activities that contribute to disasterrisk reduction and uplift communities overall. On the one hand, IOM supportspreventing/mitigating displacement related to natural hazards through disasterprevention mechanisms, preparedness and response. On the other hand, IOM supportscommunities to build resilience through the recovery and reconstruction process in linewith the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Activities include:

Hazard mapping and multi-hazard risk assessments.Establishing community-based disaster risk management committees, includingearly warning systems and sustainable livelihoods recovery.Hazard resilient transitional shelter of housing and community infrastructure.Dialogue initiatives on mobility, risks, and resilience.Capacity building of the government on risk-informed policies and strategies,protection measures and policy development.

$2,000,000

CONTRIBUTE TO AN EVIDENCE BASED AND EFFICIENT CRISIS RESPONSE SYSTEM




IOM aims to provide the Government of Ethiopia, as well as humanitarian, recovery and development partnerswith a reliable evidence base for planning, advocacy, and response. Targeted entities include governmentministries and humanitarian, recovery and development partners, including UN agencies and I/NNGOs. Inaddition, IOM aims to provide critical health services to 8,444 eligible UN personnel, dependents, and otherpersons in need of care referred by the UN, as part of the ‘First Line of Defence (FLOD)’ for the COVID-19response.

DISPLACEMENT TRACKING

To provide the Government of Ethiopia and the crisis response community with areliable evidence base for planning, advocacy, and response, IOM proposes acomprehensive data collection strategy that will apply a holistic view on the differenttrends and needs of mobile populations in Ethiopia. Activities will include:

Household Level Surveys: Multi Sectorial Needs Assessments to inform thehumanitarian planning cycle.Site assessments: Multi-sector needs data of locations hosting 20 or more IDPhouseholds nationwide.Village assessments: Mapping of infrastructure and services of villageshosting 5 or more returning IDP households to assess the socio-economic statusof return communities and their absorption capacity.Event tracking: Weekly tracking of population movements nationwide,triggering alerts for further assessment.Flow monitoring: Regular and irregular migrant movements data (includinghuman trafficking) from strategic transit points nationwide to analyze regionalroutes and inform developmental programming.Thematic analyses: In 2021, IOM aims to produce thematic papers such as theDurable Solutions Index Report and Stability Index Report to monitor communitystabilization, peace-building processes, safety and security, and livelihoodsopportunities in order to better bridge the Humanitarian Development Nexus(HDN).


FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE

In 2021, IOM Ethiopia aims to continue providing critical health services to 8,444 eligibleUN personnel, dependents, and other persons in need of care referred by the UN, aspart of the ‘First Line of Defence (FLOD)’ for the COVID-19 response. IOM’s Migration

Funding Required$500,000


Health Assessment Clinics (MHACs) provide services encompassing a range of clinicalcare services, including:

Monitoring of COVID-19 patients through tele-medicine.Laboratory testing for COVID-19.Outpatient consultation of non-COVID-19 cases.Medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) support from the regions of Ethiopia to AddisAbaba.

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