€¦ · eu.bac system - part 2 – technical recommendations – version 1.1 2012-11-12 . contents...

eu.bac System - PART 2 – Technical Recommendations – Version 1.1 2012-11-12

eu.bac System Certification Scheme

Certifying Energy Efficiency of Building Automation and Control Systems,

at first delivery and during the lifetime

Part 2: Technical Recommendations

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Contents 0 Technical Recommendations – TR ...............................................................................6

0.1 Scope of the Technical Recommendations ................................................................................ 6 0.2 Structure of the TR ..................................................................................................................... 6 0.3 Control functions methodology ................................................................................................... 6 0.4 Standards and Technical Recommendations ............................................................................ 7 0.5 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 7 0.6 Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7 0.7 Normative references ................................................................................................................. 7

1 Heating control...............................................................................................................9 1.1 Heating – Emission control ....................................................................................................... 10

1.1.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 10 1.1.1 Central automatic control ....................................................................................................... 10 1.1.2 Individual room control ........................................................................................................... 10 1.1.3 Individual room control with communication .......................................................................... 11 1.1.4 Individual room control with communication and presence control ........................................ 11

1.2 Heating – Emission control for TABS ....................................................................................... 13 1.2.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 13 1.2.1 Central automatic control ....................................................................................................... 13 1.2.2 Advanced central automatic control ....................................................................................... 13 1.2.3 Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and/or room temperature feedback control 14

1.3 Heating – Control of distribution network hot water (supply or return) ..................................... 15 1.3.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 15 1.3.1 Outside temperature compensated control ............................................................................ 15 1.3.2 Demand based control ........................................................................................................... 15

1.4 Heating – Control of distribution pumps in networks ................................................................ 17 1.4.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 17 1.4.1 On / off control ....................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.2 Multi-Stage control ................................................................................................................. 17 1.4.3 Variable speed pump control ................................................................................................. 18

1.5 Heating – Intermittent control of emission and/or distribution .................................................. 19 1.5.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 19 1.5.1 Automatic control with fixed time program ............................................................................. 19 1.5.2 Automatic control with Optimum Start/Stop ........................................................................... 19 1.5.3 Automatic control with demand evaluation ............................................................................ 20

1.6 Heating – Generator control for combustion and district heating ............................................. 21 1.6.0 Constant Temperature Control .............................................................................................. 21 1.6.1 Variable temperature depending on outdoor temperature ..................................................... 21 1.6.2 Variable temperature depending on the load ......................................................................... 21

1.7 Heating – Generator control for heat pumps ............................................................................ 23 1.7.0 Constant Temperature Control .............................................................................................. 23 1.7.1 Variable temperature depending on outdoor temperature ..................................................... 23 1.7.2 Variable temperature depending on the load or demand ....................................................... 23

1.8 Heating – Sequencing of different generators .......................................................................... 25 1.8.0 Priorities only based on running time ..................................................................................... 25 1.8.1 Priorities only based on loads ................................................................................................ 25 1.8.2 Priorities based on loads and demand ................................................................................... 25 1.8.3 Priorities based on generator efficiency ................................................................................. 26

2 Domestic Hot Water supply control ............................................................................ 27 2.1 DHW – Control of DHW storage temperature .......................................................................... 28

2.1.0 Automatic control on / off (Standalone DHW) ........................................................................ 28 2.1.1 Automatic control on / off and charging time release ............................................................. 28 2.1.2 Automatic control on / off and charging time release ............................................................. 28

2.2 Control of DHW storage temperature ....................................................................................... 29 2.2.0 Automatic control on/off ......................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Automatic control on/off and charging time release ............................................................... 29 2.2.2 Automatic control on/off and charging time release, demand oriented supply ....................... 29 2.2.3 Automatic control on / off, charging time release, demand oriented, supply or return temperature control and multi-sensor storage management...................................................................................... 30

2.3 Control of DHW storage temperature, varying seasonally ....................................................... 31 2.3.0 Manual selected control of Energy Source ............................................................................ 31 2.3.1 Automatic selection of Energy source and charging time release.......................................... 31

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2.3.2 Automatic selection of energy source and charging time release and demand oriented supply or multi-sensor storage management ........................................................................................................ 32 2.3.3 Automatic selection of energy source for DHW with charging time release, demand oriented, supply and return temperature control, with multi-sensor storage management ................................... 33

2.4 Control of DHW storage temperature with solar collector and heat generation ....................... 34 2.4.0 Manual selected control of solar energy or heat generation .................................................. 34 2.4.1 Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary storage charge ........ 34 2.4.2 Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary storage charge and demand-oriented supply or multi-sensor storage management ............................................................. 34 2.4.3 Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary storage charge, demand-oriented supply and return temperature control and multi-sensor storage management ....................... 35

2.5 Control of DHW circulation pump ............................................................................................. 37 2.5.0 Control of DHW circulation pump, without time switch program ............................................ 37 2.5.1 Control of DHW circulation pump, with time switch program ................................................. 37 2.5.2 Control of DHW circulation pump – Demand oriented control ............................................... 37

3 Cooling Control ............................................................................................................ 38 3.1 Cooling – Emission Control ...................................................................................................... 39

3.1.0 Cooling – No automatic control .............................................................................................. 39 3.1.1 Central automatic control ....................................................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Individual room control ........................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3 Individual room control with communication .......................................................................... 39 3.1.4 Individual room control with communication and presence control ........................................ 40

3.2 Cooling – Emission control for TABS ....................................................................................... 41 3.2.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 41 3.2.1 Central automatic control ....................................................................................................... 41 3.2.2 Advanced central automatic control ....................................................................................... 41 3.2.3 Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and/or room temperature feedback control 42

3.3 Cooling – Control of distribution network water (supply or return) ........................................... 43 3.3.0 Constant temperature control ................................................................................................ 43 3.3.1 Outside temperature compensated control ............................................................................ 43 3.3.2 Demand based control ........................................................................................................... 43

3.4 Cooling – Control of distribution pumps in networks ................................................................ 45 3.4.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 45 3.4.1 On / Off control ...................................................................................................................... 45 3.4.2 Multi-stage control ................................................................................................................. 45 3.4.3 Variable speed pump control ................................................................................................. 45

3.5 Cooling – Intermittent control of emission and/or distribution .................................................. 47 3.5.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 47 3.5.1 Automatic control with fixed time program ............................................................................. 47 3.5.2 Automatic control with optimum start/stop ............................................................................. 47 3.5.3 Automatic control with demand evaluation ............................................................................ 48

3.6 Cooling – Interlock between heating and cooling control of emission and/or distribution ........ 49 3.6.0 No interlock ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.6.1 Partial interlock ...................................................................................................................... 49 3.6.2 Total interlock ........................................................................................................................ 49

3.7 Cooling – Different generator control ....................................................................................... 51 3.7.0 Constant temperature ............................................................................................................ 51 3.7.1 Variable temperature depending on outdoor temperature ..................................................... 51 3.7.2 Variable temperature depending on the load ......................................................................... 51

3.8 Cooling – Sequencing of different generators .......................................................................... 53 3.8.0 Priorities only based on running time ..................................................................................... 53 3.8.1 Priorities only based on loads ................................................................................................ 53 3.8.2 Priorities based on loads and demand ................................................................................... 53 3.8.3 Priorities based on generator efficiency ................................................................................. 54

4 Ventilation and Air condition control ......................................................................... 55 4.1 Air flow control at the room level .............................................................................................. 55

4.1.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 55 4.1.1 Time control ........................................................................................................................... 55 4.1.2 Presence control during scheduled times .............................................................................. 56 4.1.3 Demand control ventilation with presence detector ............................................................... 57

4.2 Air flow or pressure control at the air handler level .................................................................. 58 4.2.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 58 4.2.1 On / off time control ventilation .............................................................................................. 58 4.2.2 Multi-stage control ................................................................................................................. 59

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4.2.3 Automatic flow or pressure control ......................................................................................... 59 4.3 Heat recovery exhaust air side icing protection control ............................................................ 61

4.3.0 Without defrost control ........................................................................................................... 61 4.3.1 With defrost control ................................................................................................................ 61

4.4 Heat recovery control (prevention of overheating) ................................................................... 61 4.4.0 Without overheating control ................................................................................................... 61 4.4.1 With overheating control ........................................................................................................ 61

4.5 Free mechanical cooling........................................................................................................... 62 4.5.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 62 4.5.1 Night cooling .......................................................................................................................... 62 4.5.2 Free cooling ........................................................................................................................... 62 4.5.3 H,x-directed control ................................................................................................................ 63

4.6 Supply air temperature control ................................................................................................. 63 4.6.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 63 4.6.1 Constant setpoint ................................................................................................................... 63 4.6.2 Variable setpoint with OTC .................................................................................................... 63 4.6.3 Variable setpoint with load dependant compensation ............................................................ 64

4.7 Humidity control ........................................................................................................................ 64 4.7.0 No automatic control .............................................................................................................. 64 4.7.1 Dew point control ................................................................................................................... 64 4.7.2 Direct humidity control supply air or room air humidity .......................................................... 65

5 Lighting control............................................................................................................ 66 5.1 Lighting – Occupancy control ................................................................................................... 66

5.1.0 Manual on / off switch ............................................................................................................ 66 5.1.1 Manual on / off Automatic off switch – Additional sweeping extinction signal ........................ 66 5.1.2 Automatic detection ............................................................................................................... 67

5.2 Lighting – Light level Control .................................................................................................... 68 5.2.0 Manual Control ...................................................................................................................... 68 5.2.1 Automatic light level control ................................................................................................... 68

6 Blind Control ................................................................................................................ 69 6.0 Manual operation of blinds ....................................................................................................... 69 6.1 Motorized operation of blinds with manual control ................................................................... 69 6.2 Motorized operation of blinds with automatic control ............................................................... 69 6.3 Combined light/blind/HVAC control – with light level control.................................................... 70

7 Technical Building Management functions ................................................................ 71 7.1 TBM faults detection ................................................................................................................. 71

7.1.0 No faults detection possibilities .............................................................................................. 71 7.1.1 Detecting faults of building systems and providing support to the diagnosis of these faults .. 72

7.2 TBM Reports ............................................................................................................................ 73 7.2.0 No report ................................................................................................................................ 73 7.2.1 Reporting information regarding energy consumption, indoor conditions and possibilities for improvement .......................................................................................................................................... 73

8 EUBAC KPIs ................................................................................................................. 75 8.1 Rooms KPI coverage ................................................................................................................ 76

8.1.0 Less than 50% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 76 8.1.1 Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 76 8.1.2 Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 76 8.1.3 More than 95% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 76

8.2 AHUs KPI coverage .................................................................................................................. 77 8.2.0 Less than 50% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 77 8.2.1 Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 77 8.2.2 Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 77 8.2.3 More than 95% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 77

8.3 Heating KPI coverage............................................................................................................... 78 8.3.0 Less than 50% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 78 8.3.1 Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 78 8.3.2 Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 78 8.3.3 More than 95% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 78

8.4 Cooling KPI coverage ............................................................................................................... 79 8.4.0 Less than 50% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 79 8.4.1 Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 79 8.4.2 Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 79 8.4.3 More than 95% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 79

8.5 DHW KPI coverage .................................................................................................................. 80

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8.5.0 Less than 50% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 80 8.5.1 Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 80 8.5.2 Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 80 8.5.3 More than 95% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 80

8.6 TBM KPI coverage ................................................................................................................... 81 8.6.0 Less than 50% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 81 8.6.1 Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 81 8.6.2 Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available .............................................................................. 81 8.6.3 More than 95% of KPIs available ........................................................................................... 82

9 EUBAC Extended Functionality .................................................................................. 83 9.1 Window open detection ............................................................................................................ 84

9.1.0 No window open detection ..................................................................................................... 84 9.1.1 Window open detection ......................................................................................................... 84

9.2 EasySwitch to economy / protection mode .............................................................................. 84 9.2.0 No EasySwitch to economy / protection mode....................................................................... 84 9.2.1 EasySwitch to economy / protection mode ............................................................................ 84

9.3 On site renewable ..................................................................................................................... 85 9.3.0 No renewable on site ............................................................................................................. 85 9.3.1 On site renewable with no control strategies for heat / cold storage ...................................... 85 9.3.2 On site renewable with control strategies for heat / cold storage ........................................... 85

9.4 Grey water heat recovery ......................................................................................................... 86 9.4.0 No Grey water heat recovery implemented ........................................................................... 86 9.4.1 Grey water heat recovery implemented ................................................................................. 86

9.5 Sub-metering Electricity............................................................................................................ 86 9.5.0 No electricity sub-metering implemented ............................................................................... 87 9.5.1 Sub-metering that fulfils the local minimum legal or code requirements- if these are less demanding than 9.5.2 or 9.5.3 ............................................................................................................... 87 9.5.2 Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually but not covering 90% of each supply by end-use 87 9.5.3 Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually and covering 90% of each supply by end-use 87

9.6 Sub-metering Heating/Cooling ................................................................................................. 88 9.6.0 No heating/cooling sub-metering ........................................................................................... 88 9.6.1 Sub-metering that fulfils the local minimum legal or code requirements, if these are less demanding than 9.6.2 or 9.6.3 ............................................................................................................... 88 9.6.2 Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually but not covering 90% of each supply by end-use 88 9.6.3 Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually and covering 90% of each supply by end-use 89

9.7 Weather Forecast Data ............................................................................................................ 89 9.7.0 No weather forecast data implemented ................................................................................. 89 9.7.1 Weather forecast data implemented ...................................................................................... 89

10 EUBAC Certified Products .......................................................................................... 90 10.1 Certified Products Rooms......................................................................................................... 90

10.1.0 No use of certified products ................................................................................................... 90 10.1.1 Use of certified products wherever possible .......................................................................... 90

10.2 Certified Products AHUs........................................................................................................... 90 10.2.0 No use of certified products ................................................................................................... 90 10.2.1 Use of certified products wherever possible .......................................................................... 91

10.3 Certified Products Heating ....................................................................................................... 91 10.3.0 No use of certified products ................................................................................................... 91 10.3.1 Use of certified products wherever possible .......................................................................... 91

10.4 Certified Products Cooling ........................................................................................................ 91 10.4.0 No use of certified products ................................................................................................... 91 10.4.1 Use of certified products wherever possible .......................................................................... 91

10.5 Certified Products DHW ........................................................................................................... 92 10.5.0 No use of certified products ................................................................................................... 92 10.5.1 Use of certified products wherever possible .......................................................................... 92

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0 Technical Recommendations – TR

0.1 Scope of the Technical Recommendations The TR includes detailed requirements for energy saving measures that should be included in BACS following the same classification system that is introduced in EN 15232. The requirements provide more details by outlining all the functionality mentioned. The TR requirements go beyond EN 15232, by:

• Listing additional requirements not directly covered in any of the EN ISO 16484 standards, e.g. performance criteria

• Listing additional state of the art energy measures that should/may be implemented • Specifying the use of energy measurement as a mandatory mean to detect energy misuse

The TR builds on the same classification system as EN 15232, i.e. using class A, B and C. Therefore table 1 of EN 15232 is used as guidance to write this document. Note: The eu.bac class A will require more than EN 15232 “A class”, but includes all that is required for EN 15232 “A class”. The same applies with B and C classes.

0.2 Structure of the TR This document follows EN 15232 structure for control functions definitions. Thus successively Heating, Domestic Hot Water, Cooling, Ventilation, Lighting and Blind control functions are presented. Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) as well as Technical Building Management (TBM) systems are then described. EN 15232 defines the minimum requirements of BAC and TBM functions according to a BAC efficiency of class C (the reference, coded as “REF” in the control function tables). Therefore, these tables are presented together with the control function list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes by control function types. A quick recall of the classes’ definition is given below:

• Class D corresponds to non energy efficient BACS. Building with such systems shall be retrofitted. New buildings shall not be built with such systems.

• Class C corresponds to standard BACS. • Class B corresponds to advanced BACS and some specific TBM functions. • Class A corresponds to high energy performance BAC and TBM systems.

To be in class B Building automation function plus some specific functions room controllers shall be able to communicate with a building automation system. To be in class A Technical building management function room controllers shall be able for demand controlled HVAC (e.g. adaptive setpoint based on sensing of occupancy) including additional integrated functions for multi-discipline interrelationships between HVAC and various building services (e.g. electricity, lighting, solar shading etc.). If a specific function is required to be in a specific BAC efficiency class, it is not required that it is strictly required everywhere in the building. If the designer can give good reasons that the application of a function does not bring a benefit in a specific case it can be ignored. For example if the designer can show that the heating load of a set of rooms is only dependant on the outdoor temperature and can be compensated with one central controller, no individual room control by thermostatic valves or electronic controllers is required to be in class C.

0.3 Control functions methodology Control functions are presented in this document in the same order as in EN 15232. Targets are described following the same classification as in 15232. The main difference with 15232 is that it starts from a room description and feed in all the required functions to achieve a Class A, B, C or D per discipline. Target describes how energy efficiency is achievable while KPIs check that the corresponding function is there and it functions, what could be improved or what would be possible to improve with the installed BACS. Note that KPIs are described in another document. NOTE: The purpose of this KPI is to show that the function as described is implemented and that it principally works; the KPI is helping the inspector to determine what functions are available and in operation. Additionally there may be other KPIs that are relevant for the energy efficiency and other qualities of the installation.

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This part of the TR details each of the control function, complement the description provided in EN 15232 by use of the following fields:

• A Descriptive Name: the name is the given name in EN 15232; when the function is a new one, its name should be clear enough to define the purpose of the function.

• New Description: based on EN 15232 one, an easy to understand description of the function in some details.

• A Target: a description to clarify the energy efficiency improvements. • Inputs, outputs, main parameters: if needed by the control function; this field may be

absent. • Additional equipment: if needed by the control function to perform; this field may be absent • Possible variants: an addition to the function being described; a little different from the one

described; may be absent. • Inspector check: provides test cases to the inspector to verify the correct operation of the

function; inspector checks are split in 2 parts: o existence and equipment evaluation: focuses on installation, and o functional test which focuses on certification.

0.4 Standards and Technical Recommendations The TR is based on the European standard EN 15232:

0.5 Abbreviations BACS: Building Automation and Control System EN: European Norm EP: Energy Performance REF: Reference level for national building regulations. TABS: Thermally Activated Building Systems TBM: Technical Building Management

0.6 Definitions

0.7 Normative references The type of control to use shall be specified according to the following standards.

Table 1 — Overview of the standards

Function Standard

Automatic control HEATING AND COOLING CONTROL

Emission control

EN 15316-2-1:2007, 7.2, 7.3, EN 15243:2007, 14.3.2.1 and Annex G

EN 15316-2-1:2007, 6.5.1 EN ISO 13790

Control of distribution network water temperature EN 15316-2-3:2007, EN 15243:2007 Control of distribution pump EN 15316-2-3:2007

Intermittent control of emission and/or distribution. EN ISO 13790:2008, 13.1

EN 15316-2-3:2007, EN 15243:2007

Interlock between heating and cooling control of emission and/or distribution EN 15243:2007

Generation control and sequencing of generators EN 15316-4-1 to -6 (--see 7.4.6), EN 15243:2007

VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTROL

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Function Standard Air flow control at the room level EN 15242, EN 13779 Air flow control at the air handler level EN 15241 Heat exchanger defrost and overheating control EN 15241 Free mechanical cooling EN ISO 13790 Supply temperature control EN 15241 Humidity control EN 15241

LIGHTING CONTROL EN 15193 Combined light/blind/HVAC control (also mentioned below) None

BLIND CONTROL EN ISO 13790

Home automation /Building automation and controls Centralized adapting of the home and building automation system

to users’ needs: e.g. time schedule, setpoints etc. None

Centralized optimizing of the home and building automation system: e.g. tuning controllers, setpoints etc. None

Technical building management with energy efficiency functions

Detecting faults of building and technical systems and providing support to the diagnosis of these faults None

Reporting information regarding energy consumption, indoor conditions and possibilities for improvement EN 15217

Energy Management System EN 16001 / ISO 50001

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1 Heating control Table 2 — Heating control function list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes

Definition of classes

Non residential

D C B A 1 HEATING CONTROL 1.1 Emission control

The control system is installed at the emitter or room level, for case 1 one system can control several rooms

1.1.0 No automatic control

1.1.1 Central automatic control

1.1.2 Individual room control REF

1.1.3 Individual room control with communication between controllers and to BACS

1.1.4 Individual room control with communication and presence control

1.2 Emission control for TABS for heating


1.2.1 Central automatic control REF

1.2.2 Advanced central automatic control

1.2.3 Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and/or room temperature feedback control

1.3 Control of distribution network hot water temperature (supply or return)

Similar function can be applied to the control of direct electric heating networks


1.3.1 Outside temperature compensated control REF

1.3.2 Demand based control

1.4 Control of distribution pumps in networks

The controlled pumps can be installed at different levels in the network


1.4.1 On off control REF

1.4.2 Multi-stage control

1.4.3 Variable speed pump control

1.5 Intermittent control of emission and/or distribution

One controller can control different rooms/zone having same occupancy patterns


1.5.1 Automatic control with fixed time program REF

1.5.2 Automatic control with optimum start/stop

1.5.3 Automatic control with demand evaluation

1.6 Different generator control for combustion and district heating

1.6.0 Constant temperature control

1.6.1 Variable temperature control depending on outdoor temperature REF

1.6.2 Variable temperature control depending on the load

1.7 Generator control for heat pumps



1.7.2 Variable temperature depending on the load or demand

1.8 Sequencing of different generators

1.8.0 Priorities only based on running time

1.8.1 Priorities only based on loads REF

1.8.2 Priorities based on loads and demand

1.8.3 Priorities based on generator efficiency

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1.1 Heating – Emission control

No automatic control 1.1.0Description: No automatic control of the room temperature.

Central automatic control 1.1.1Description: Central automatic control of temperature in rooms by means of heating, is acting either on the distribution or on the generation. Heating control is performed without consideration of local demand of different rooms, possibly by using one room as reference. This can be achieved for example by an outside temperature controller conforming to EN 12098-1 or EN 12098-3. Target: To improve EP by minimizing emitted heat by emitters (e.g. radiators) or by air in the building using central control of temperature and/or flow. This control may be based on outside temperature and/or a reference sensor inside the building and assumes similar demands in different parts/rooms of the building. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: Outdoor temperature, possibly indoor temperature as reference. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint. • Central scheduler: Time schedule for different operating modes.

Additional equipment: Temperature sensor Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of central control unit.

• Functional test: o Correct functioning of the central control unit, e.g. by changing the setpoint up and

measuring if heating emission is increasing and then changing it down and measuring if the heating is decreasing.

Individual room control 1.1.2Description: Individual room control by thermostatic valves or electronic controllers. The individual room control of heating temperature in rooms is performed either by thermostatic valves or local (non-communicating) electronic control units. The individual control should/may be combined with scheduler programs providing different operating modes. Target: To improve EP by minimizing emitted heat by emitters (e.g. radiators) or by air in the building using local control of temperature and/or flow in the rooms, thereby adapting to local demand, i.e. different loads in different rooms. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: indoor temperature as reference. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint • Central scheduler: Time programs for different operating modes.

Additional equipment: Temperature sensor. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Presence of thermostatic valves or electronic control units.

• Functional test: o Correct functioning of the thermostatic valves or electronic control units, e.g. by

changing the setpoint up and measuring if heating emission is increasing, and then changing it down and measuring if the heating is decreasing.

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Individual room control with communication 1.1.3Description: Individual room control with communication between controllers and to BACS. Individual control of temperature in rooms by means of heating, with communication between controllers and to BACS, allows exchange of setpoints, demand and other status information. Target: To improve EP by minimizing emitted heat by emitters (e.g. radiators) or by air in the building using local control of temperature and/or flow in the rooms, thereby adapting to local demand, i.e. different loads in different rooms. Furthermore to obtain energy demand for further use to control distribution and generators, keeping run time at minimum and setpoints optimal. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: Room temperature, operation mode. Outputs: Energy demand. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint. • Central time scheduler Time for different operating modes.

Additional equipment: Temperature sensor. Possible variants: Override of operation mode, e.g. by manual push-button (override operation). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of room control units and communication.

• Functional test: o Correct functioning of the room control units, e.g. by changing the setpoint via

communication. o Evidence that local demand (e.g. status of room controllers) is used to influence

distribution and generators.

Individual room control with communication and presence control 1.1.4Description: Individual room control with communication between controllers and to BACS, and presence control performed by occupancy. Individual control of temperature in rooms by means of heating, with communication between controllers and to BACS, allows exchange of setpoints, demand and other status information. Target: To improve EP by minimizing emitted heat by emitters (e.g. radiators) or by air in the building using local control of temperature and/or flow in the rooms, thereby adapting to local demand, i.e. different loads in different rooms. Furthermore to obtain energy demand for further use to control distribution and generators, keeping run time at minimum and setpoints optimal. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: Room temperature, operation mode. Outputs: Energy demand. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint. • Central time scheduler Time for different operating modes.

Additional equipment: Temperature sensor. Possible variants: Override of operation mode, e.g. by manual push-button (override operation). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of room control units, communication and occupancy sensors.

• Functional test: o Correct functioning of the room control units, e.g. by changing the setpoint via

communication., presence of people o Evidence that local demand (e.g. status of room controllers) is used to influence


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o Correct function of presence detector e.g. by verifying if detector influences the operating mode or setpoint.

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1.2 Heating – Emission control for TABS

No automatic control 1.2.0Description: There’s no automatic control of the room temperature implemented. Target: Manual controls of a loop apply. Inspector checks:

• No installed equipment available (except potential manual controls e.g. valve)

Central automatic control 1.2.1Description: The central automatic control for a TABS zone (which comprises all rooms which get the same supply water temperature) typically is a supply water temperature control loop whose setpoint is dependent on the filtered outside temperature, e.g. the average of the previous 24 hours. Target: The supply water temperature shall be set according to the filtered outside air temperature (filtered -weather compensated supply water temperature). Inputs: Mean outside air temperature of the previous day, supply water temperature, ramp parameters. Outputs: Supply water setpoint / valve position. Parameters:

• Ramp to determine setpoint. Additional equipment: None. Possible variants: The controls might cover both heating and cooling. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Outside air temperature sensor and supply water temperature sensor available.

• Functional test: o Check correct functioning by changing the setpoint

Advanced central automatic control 1.2.2Description: This is an automatic control of the TABS zone that fulfils the following conditions

– If the TABS is used only for heating: The central automatic control is designed and tuned to achieve an optimal self regulating of the room temperature within the required comfort range (specified by the room temperature heating setpoint). "Optimal" means that the room temperatures of all rooms of the TABS zone remain during operation periods in the comfort range, to meet comfort requirements, but also is as low as possible to reduce the energy demand for heating.

– If the TABS is used for heating and cooling: The central automatic control is designed and tuned to achieve an optimal self-regulating of the room temperature within the required comfort range (specified by room temperature heating and cooling setpoints). "Optimal" means that the room temperatures of all rooms of the TABS zone remain during operation periods in the comfort range, to meet comfort requirements, but also uses as far as possible the full range to reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling.

– If the TABS are used for heating and cooling: the automatic switching between heating and cooling is not done only dependent on the outside temperature, but also taking at least indirectly the heat gains (internal and solar) into account.

Target: Achieve temperatures within the desired bandwidth for all rooms in the heating/cooling group. Inputs: Room temperature(s), outside air temperature, supply water temperature. Outputs: Supply water temperature / valve position. Parameters:

• Room heating setpoint, comfort range. Additional equipment: Room setpoint device. Possible variants: Heating / cooling changeover, room cooling setpoint.

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Inspector checks: • Existence and equipment evaluation:

o Room temperature sensor, supply water valve, changeover heating – cooling (if), outside air temperature sensor.

• Functional test: o Schedule transition to economy mode in t=tnow+t1 (where t1= 90% of time constant of

TABS). Check if valve is closing.

Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and/or room 1.2.3temperature feedback control

Description: Advanced central automatic control with room temperature feedback control: – Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation. This is an advanced central

automatic control according to 2) with the following supplement: The pump is switched off regularly to save electrical energy, either with a fast frequency - typically 6 hours on/off cycle time - or with a slow frequency, corresponding to 24 hours on/off cycle time. If the TABS are used for cooling, intermittent operation with 24 hours on/off cycle time can also be used to reject the heat to the outside air if the outside air is cold.

– Advanced central automatic control with room temperature feedback control. This is an advanced central automatic control according to 2) with the following supplement: The supply water temperature setpoint is corrected by the output of a room temperature feedback controller, to adapt the setpoint to non-predictable day-to-day variation of the heat gain. Since TABS react slowly, only day-to-day room temperature correction is applied, an instant correction cannot be achieved with TABS. The room temperature that is fed back is the temperature of a reference room or another temperature representative for the zone.

– Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and room temperature feedback control.

Target: The goal is to compensate room/zone behaviour into the supply water temperature control in order to optimize emissions taking into account heat gain and radiation. Inputs: Outside air temperature, supply water temperature; return water temperature, and reference room temperature Outputs: Heating / cooling status, pump command, temperature control valve(s) Parameters:

• Setpoint heating, setpoint cooling (if) Additional equipment: None. Possible variants: Mean zone temperature instead of reference temperature. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Availability of equipment, zone o Room temperature sensor, supply water valve, changeover heating – cooling (if),

outside air temperature sensor. • Functional test:

o If room temperature is on setpoint force temporarily (a few minutes) heating demand for TABS controlled system (e.g. by stimulation on sensor, or manually override sensor value)

Check that pump and valve are not reacting on this short time stimulation.

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1.3 Heating – Control of distribution network hot water (supply or return)

No automatic control 1.3.0Description: The distribution network temperature of the hot water is not controlled.

Outside temperature compensated control 1.3.1Description: Control of the temperature of the hot water distribution based on outside temperature compensation. Target: To improve EP by lowering the mean temperature of the flow, thereby minimizing heat losses. Inputs: Outside temperature. Outputs: Demand (to the boiler). Additional equipment: Outside temperature sensor. Possible variants: None. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of control unit, flow temperature measurement and outside

temperature measurement (or communication to outside air measurement) • Functional test:

o Ensure that “heating mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o Increase outside air measurement above “summer temperature” (e.g. by stimulation at sensor, manually override value)

Check if valve action moves towards lower flow temperature Check if flow temperature is lowering.

o Or decrease outside air measurement below 0 (e.g. by stimulation at sensor, manually override value)

Check if valve action moves towards higher flow temperature Check if flow temperature is increasing.

Demand based control 1.3.2Description: Control of the temperature of the hot water distribution is based on indoor temperature measurements. Prerequisite: Communicating system to room control units. Target: To improve EP by lowering the mean temperature of the flow as well as decreasing the flow rate, thereby minimizing heat losses. In addition use energy demand information to keep run time at minimum and setpoints optimal. Inputs: Demand from emitters. Outputs: Heating demand (to the boiler). Parameters: Time programs for different operating modes. Possible variants: Outdoor temperature measurement included. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of control unit, flow sensor and communication.

• Functional test: o Ensure that “heating mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily heating setpoint

so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o Force demand (e.g. increase setpoint in one of the attached rooms significantly above current temperature, or override demand signal)

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Check if valve action moves towards higher flow temperature Check if flow temperature is increasing.

o Or force demand decrease (e.g. decrease all setpoint of the attached rooms significantly below current temperature, or override demand signal)

Check if valve action moves towards low flow temperature Check if flow temperature is decreasing.

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1.4 Heating – Control of distribution pumps in networks

No automatic control 1.4.0Description: Distribution pumps are not controlled (only protection functions). Target: To improve EP by distributing energy with pumps (instead of no pumps, just thermal circulation). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Pump must be available.

On / off control 1.4.1Description: On / off control. Pumps are enabled only if flow temperature and return temperature are different. Target: To improve EP by avoiding auxiliary energy consumption of pumps while no energy need to be circulated. Inputs: Flow temperature, return temperature. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Pump must be available.

• Functional test: o Stimulate Flow Temp and Return Temp to be equal. (e.g. stimulating sensor which

has lower value temporarily above the other sensor value and observe during decreasing back, or override sensor values)

Observe flow and return temp: If (Flow Temp-Return Temp) is equal to Zero pump must be off.

Multi-Stage control 1.4.2Description: Speed of pumps is controlled by a multi-step control. Target: To improve EP by reducing auxiliary energy consumption by adapting (in fixed steps) the speed of the pump depending on the system conditions. Inputs: Load/demand condition Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Equipment for multi speed must be available (e.g. pump with multi stage,

electric/electronic staging device • Functional test:

o Ensure that “heating mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily heating setpoint so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o Stimulate “High Load” system condition: (e.g. set temporarily all setpoints of hydraulically connected rooms to values above current temperature or manually override values)

Observe that highest speed of pump is activated o Decrease step by step load of system (e.g. setting temporarily step by step setpoints

of hydraulic connected rooms to “economy mode”, or override load value within control system)

Observe that pump speed decreases in steps

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Variable speed pump control 1.4.3Description: Speed of pumps is controlled depending on different states of the system. . This may be done with constant or variable Δp and with demand evaluation to reduce the auxiliary energy demand of the pumps. Target: To improve EP by reducing auxiliary energy consumption of pumps by optimizing their speed according to the current system conditions. Inputs: Pressure sensors. Possible variants: Δp pressure sensor from other parts of the system (requires communicating devices); Δp pressure sensor built in the control. Inspector checks:Existence and equipment evaluation:

o Variable speed drive must be available • Functional test:

o Ensure that “heating mode” is enabled ( e.g. by changing temporarily heating setpoint so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o Stimulate “High Load” system condition: (e.g. set temporarily all setpoints of hydraulically connected rooms to values above current temperature or manually override values)



Observe that pump speed decreases without steps (e.g. could be measured also via power consumption).

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1.5 Heating – Intermittent control of emission and/or distribution

No automatic control 1.5.0Description: No intermittent control (always full energy consumption).

Automatic control with fixed time program 1.5.1Description: Automatic control is realised to reach intermittent operation of the emission and/or distribution components. Target: To improve EP by lowering the temperature setpoints during certain conditions (e.g. night). This leads to improved EP due to shortened operation time of the generation/distribution, lower losses of the room(s) due to lower temperature differences to the outside. Inputs: Time schedule, setpoints for “frost protection”, “economy”, “pre-comfort”, “comfort”. Outputs: Communication to distribution. Possible variants: One time program for a “group” of rooms (zone); one time program for a whole building. Inspector checks:Existence and equipment evaluation:

o Control fixed time program available • Functional test:

o Ensure that “heating mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily heating setpoint so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode or override room mode value).

o Create temporarily new time schedule which forces a transition to different state which is in “near future” (e.g. in 5 min from now)

Check if then transition happens to expected time to scheduled value. Check setpoint if possible or observe actuators which should react

accordingly

Automatic control with Optimum Start/Stop 1.5.2Description: Automatic control is realised to reach optimized Start/Stop of intermittent operation of the emission and/or distribution components. Target: To improve EP through optimized start/stop to maximize time for economy mode by considering energy capacity of the building in control. Inputs: Time schedule, setpoints for “frost protection”, “economy”, “pre-comfort”, “comfort” Outputs: Communication to distribution. Possible variants: One time program for a “group” of rooms (zone); one time program for a whole building. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Time scheduler available

• Functional test: o Ensure that “heating mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily setpoint so that

room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o If room is currently in state “comfort or pre-comfort”: Create temporarily new time schedule which forces transition to economy at

t=tnow + 0.9 x (timeconstant of the building) • Check if setpoints and actuators are immediately moving towards

economy state o Or if room is currently in state “economy”

Create temporarily new time schedule which forces transition to “comfort” or “pre-comfort” at t= tnow +0.1 x (timeconstant of the building)

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• Check if setpoints and actuators are immediately moving towards comfort or pre-comfort state.

o In case where “historical records” are available Check transition from economy to pre-comfort: pre-comfort level should be

reached at start time Check transition from pre-comfort to economy: setpoints and actuators should

have been moved towards economy state significantly before scheduled transition.

Automatic control with demand evaluation 1.5.3Description: Automatic control is realised to reach intermittent operation of emission and/or distribution based on demand (occupancy). Target: To improve EP through maximizing “pre-comfort” and/or “economy” time periods by detecting or using information about real demand (e.g. occupancy). Inputs: Demand sensing information (e.g. occupancy), setpoints for “frost protection”, “economy”, “pre-comfort”, and “comfort”. Outputs: Communication to distribution. Possible variants: In combination with fixed time programs or optimized start/stop to switch between “pre-comfort” and “comfort”, or exclusively demand driven. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Demand detection is available (e.g. occupancy sensor, manual occupancy switch etc).

• Functional test: o Force demand transition (e.g. occupied/unoccupied room, press switch, or manually

override demand signal) Check if transition between states of demand detection causes a transition

between room states (“economy”, “pre-comfort”, and “comfort”). Actuators have to move towards the corresponding state after some time

delay.

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1.6 Heating – Generator control for combustion and district heating

Constant Temperature Control 1.6.0Description: Generator temperature is controlled to hold a predefined constant temperature within a defined control deviation. Target: To improve EP by minimizing the generator operation temperatures and avoiding max boiler temperature (with highest losses), e.g. compared to thermostatic on/off control. Inputs: Manual temperature setpoint.

Variable temperature depending on outdoor temperature 1.6.1Description: Generator temperature setpoint is variable depending on outdoor temperature. Target: To improve EP by minimizing the generator operation temperatures using outdoor temperature information. Inputs: Outdoor temperature. Additional equipment: Outdoor temperature sensor, flow temperature setpoint Possible variants: Temperature sensor is included in generator control. Temperature is received via communication from other parts of the system. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Outdoor temperature available, flow temperature sensor

• Functional test: o Increase outside air measurement above “summer temperature” (e.g. stimulation at

sensor, manually override value). Check if heat generator action moves towards lower flow temperature Check if flow temperature is lowering.

o Or decrease outside air measurement below 0 (e.g. stimulation at sensor, manually override value)

Check if Heat Generator action moves towards higher flow temperature Check if flow temperature is increasing.

o In case where “historical records” are available: Observe Generator Temperature Setpoint

• Check if Temperature Setpoint of “Generator_at_High Outside Temp” is lower than Setpoint of “Generator_at_Low Outside Temp”.

Variable temperature depending on the load 1.6.2Description: Generator temperature setpoint is variable depending on the load of the system. Target: To improve EP by minimizing the generator operation temperatures using information about current demand of the system. Inputs: Load of systems (requires communication to other parts of the system). Additional equipment: Load is measured within the generator (volumes and differences of flow and return temperature). Possible variants: Load is measured within generator. Load information is transmitted by other parts of the system. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Communication to distribution/heat consumer, flow sensor

• Functional test: o Force demand increase (e.g. increase setpoint in one of the attached rooms

significantly above current temperature, or manually override “demand signal”) Check if generator action moves towards higher flow temperature

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Check if flow temperature is increasing. o Or force demand decrease (e.g. decrease all setpoints of the attached

rooms/distribution networks significantly below current temperature, or override “demand signal”)

Check if generator action moves towards lower flow temperatures Check if flow temperature is decreasing.

o In case where “historical records” are available: Observe Generator temperature setpoint Check if Temperature_at_LowLoad is lower than Temperature_at_HighLoad

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1.7 Heating – Generator control for heat pumps

Constant Temperature Control 1.7.0Description: Heat generation is not optimized to environmental conditions and control is always towards the maximum allowed temperature. Inputs: Max allowed temperature setpoint.

Variable temperature depending on outdoor temperature 1.7.1Description: The control temperature is calculated with the goal to operate the heat pump with minimized operating temperature setpoints depending on outdoor temperature. Target: To improve EP by avoiding unnecessary electrical pumping energy by minimizing the generator operation temperatures using outdoor temperature information. Inputs: Outdoor temperature. Additional equipment: Outdoor temperature sensor. Possible variants: Outdoor information is transmitted via communication. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Outdoor temperature sensor or communication to external outdoor temperature value

• Functional test: o If heat pump is switched off at current condition:

Ensure that heat consumers demand heat constantly (no changes) Stimulate outdoor temperature temporarily to a high value (e.g. 37°, or

override outdoor temperature value). Check that heat pump starts operating (or if possible check if setpoint is

increasing). o Else

Ensure that heat consumers demand heat constantly (no changes) Stimulate decreasing of “outdoor temperature” back to a very low condition

(e.g. 4°). Check that heat pump stops operating Increase “outdoor temperature” back to “normal” value Check that heat pump starts operating.

o Or if historical system values are available: Observe generator temperature setpoint Check if temperature setpoint of Generator_at_High Outdoor Temp is lower

than setpoint of Generator_at_Low Outdoor Temp.

Variable temperature depending on the load or demand 1.7.2Description: Heat pump temperature setpoint is variable depending on demand based on the load of the system. Target: To improve EP by optimizing efficiency of the heat pump at given environmental conditions based on current demand of the system. Inputs: Environmental conditions (water, air, etc), heating demand. Output: Efficiency of Heat Pump. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Communication/transmission of demand (could be electrically, or electronically)

• Functional test: o Force demand (e.g. increase setpoint in one of the attached rooms significantly above

current temperature, or manually override demand signal)

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Check if generator action moves towards higher flow temperature Check if flow temperature is increasing.

o Or force demand decrease (e.g. decrease all setpoints of the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly below current temperature, or override demand signal)

Check if generator action moves towards lower flow temperatures, check if flow temperature is decreasing.

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1.8 Heating – Sequencing of different generators

Priorities only based on running time 1.8.0Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple heating generators. The priority of sequencing is only based on running times of the generators (in order to optimize maintenance).

Priorities only based on loads 1.8.1Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple heating generators. The generators of higher priority are running first. A given generator in the priority list is running only if the generators of higher priority are running at full load. The sequence is fixed - the priority list is arbitrarily created. Target: To improve EP by only using as many generators as needed at any point in time and drive each generator in its most efficient mode (full load). Inputs: Current total demand, manual input of fixed sequence, (optional demand signal from heat consumer). Outputs: Operating conditions to each boiler. Additional equipment: (Variant) Load is measured within the generator (volumes and differences of flow and return temperature). Possible variants: Load is calculated from demand signal (communicating system). Load is measured from flow temperatures (sensors). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Sequence coordination device with communication/connection to all heat generators

• Functional test: o Force demand (e.g. increase step by step setpoints in the attached rooms/distribution

networks significantly above current temperature, or manually override demand signal),

Check if sequenced generator activation follows the fixed priority list. o Or force demand decrease (e.g. decrease all setpoints of the attached

rooms/distribution networks significantly below current temperature, or override demand signal),

Check if sequenced heat generator deactivation follows the fixed priority list.

Priorities based on loads and demand 1.8.2Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple heating generators considering their capacities. The generators of higher priority are running first. A given generator in the priority list is running only if the generators of higher priority are running at full load. The priority list is dynamically created based on load, considering the current capacities of the generators (max power). Target: To improve EP by only using as many generators as needed at any point in time - to avoid generators to run at very low load (e.g. <30%), but there is also a target to avoid too short "cycle times" (e.g. as each burner start consumes additionally energy). Inputs: Current total demand, current load of each generator. Outputs: Operating conditions to each boiler. Additional equipment:

• Prerequisite: Demand must be transferred via communication. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Sequence coordination device with communication/connection to all heat

generators • Functional test:

o Force demand (e.g. increase step by step setpoints in the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly above current temperature, or manually override demand signal),

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Check if during sequenced generator activation always the condition: (sum of heating power of currently X activated generators) must be smaller than (sum of heating power of all other combination of X generators).

o Or force demand decrease (e.g. decrease all setpoints of the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly below current temperature, or override demand signal), Check if during sequenced generator activation always the condition: (sum of

heating power of currently X activated generators) must be smaller than (sum of heating power of all other combination of X generators).

o Or if historical data is available Verify that the priority list is not fixed but is dynamically modified over time

and that the generators are operated accordingly.

Priorities based on generator efficiency 1.8.3Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple heating generators considering their capacities. The generators of higher priority are running first. A given generator in the priority list is running only if the generators of higher priority are running at full load. The priority list is dynamically created reflecting the generators current efficiency. Target: To improve EP by only using as many as needed and drive each generator in its most efficient mode (full load), and only using the most efficient generators at any point in time. Inputs: Current total demand, current load and efficiency of each generator. Outputs: Operating conditions to each boiler. Additional equipment:

Prerequisite: Demand must be transferred via communication Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Generators with efficiency measurement/output, o Sequence coordination device with communication/connection to all heat


o Force demand (e.g. increase step by step setpoints in the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly above current temperature, or manually override demand signal),

Check efficiency values of all activated generators: not more than one generator should have a low efficiency; all other(s) should have high efficiency

o Or force demand decrease (e.g. decrease all setpoints of the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly below current temperature, or override demand signal), Check efficiency values of all activated generators: not more than one

generator should have a low efficiency; all other(s) should have high efficiency

o If historical values are available: Check if there is more than one generator activated at any time.

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2 Domestic Hot Water supply control Table 3— DHW supply control function list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes


Non residential

D C B A

2 Domestic Hot Water supply control 2.1 Control of DHW storage temperature with integrated electric heating or electric heat pump

2.1.0 Automatic control on / off

2.1.1 Automatic control on / off and charging time release REF

2.1.2 Automatic control on / off and charging time release and multi-sensor storage management

2.2 Control of DHW storage temperature using heat generation

2.2.0 Automatic control on / off

2.2.1 Automatic control on / off and charging time release REF

2.2.2 Automatic control on / off, charging time release and demand-oriented supply or multi-sensor storage management

2.2.3 Automatic control on / off, charging time release, demand-oriented supply or return temperature control and multi-sensor storage management

2.3 Control of DHW storage temperature, varying seasonally: with heat generation or integrated electric heating

2.3.0 Manual selected control with charging pump on / off or electric heating

2.3.1 Automatic selected control with charging pump on / off or electric heating and charging time release REF

2.3.2 Automatic selected control with charging pump on / off or electric heating, charging time release and demand-oriented supply or multi-sensor storage management

2.3.3 Automatic selected control with heat generation, demand-oriented supply and return temperature control or electric heating, charging time release and multi-sensor storage management

2.4 Control of DHW storage temperature with solar collector and heat generation

2.4.0 Manual selected control of solar energy or heat generation

2.4.1 Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary storage charge REF

2.4.2 Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary storage charge and demand-oriented supply or multi-sensor storage management

2.4.3 Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary storage charge, demand-oriented supply and return temperature control and multi-sensor storage management

2.5 Control of DHW circulation pump

Continuous operation, time switch program controlled or demand-oriented on / off

2.5.0 Without time switch program

2.5.1 With time switch program REF

2.5.2 Demand-oriented control

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2.1 DHW – Control of DHW storage temperature Control of DHW storage temperature with integrated electric heating or electric heat pump.

Automatic control on / off (Standalone DHW) 2.1.0Description: Control of DHW storage temperature with integrated or exclusively linked heat sources (standalone). Inspector checks:

• Check that “used heat source” is exclusively used for DHW and controlled accordingly.

Automatic control on / off and charging time release 2.1.1Description: Control of the DHW (standalone DHW) storage temperature avoiding early recharging using time based charging blocking. Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. Possible variants:

• DHW with built in electrical heating coil • DHW with exclusively coupled heat pump • DHW with exclusively coupled burner (e.g. direct fired DHW)


o Control Equipment with real time clock • Functional test:

o Force water consumption of 50% of DHW buffer capacity during “DHW blocking time” (or override DHW sensor values)

Check that heat generation is not recharging during this time.

Automatic control on / off and charging time release 2.1.2Description: Automatic control on / off and charging time release and multi-sensor storage management (Standalone DHW) Control of the DHW storage temperature thus avoids early recharging using multi sensing detection of remaining heat capacity of the buffer. Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. Parameters: Recharge limit Possible variants:

• DHW with built in electrical heating coil • DHW with exclusively coupled heat pump • DHW with exclusively coupled burner (e.g. direct fired DHW)


o Multiple sensor for DHW buffer temperature • Functional test:

o Force water consumption above the “recharge limit” of DHW buffer capacity (or override bottom temperature sensors values and keep upper sensors)

Check that heat generation is not recharging during this time. o Force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values,

below the recharge limit) Observe that charging will start.

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2.2 Control of DHW storage temperature Control of DHW storage temperature using heat generation (DHW is one heat consumer in a heating system).

Automatic control on/off 2.2.0Description: Control of DHW storage temperature (DHW is one heat consumer in a heating system). Inspector checks:

• Check DHW is receiving heat from a heating system with heat generators which supply also other heat consumers.

Automatic control on/off and charging time release 2.2.1Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature avoiding early recharging using time based charging blocking. Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. Parameters: Recharge limit Possible variants:

• DHW is fed by one heat generator (which also feeds other heat consumers) • DHW is fed by a multivalent heat generating system which also feeds others


o Control Equipment with real time clock • Functional test:


Check that heat generation is not recharging during this time.

Automatic control on/off and charging time release, demand oriented supply 2.2.2Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature avoiding early recharging using time based charging blocking and submitting demand information to Heat generators or multi sensing detection of remaining heat capacity of the buffer. Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Transmission of demand information enables optimized EP in heat generator systems. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. Outputs: Heating demand to heat generation system Parameters: Charging release time, Recharge limit Possible variants:



o Either control equipment with real time clock, or multi sensing buffer • Functional test:


Check that heat generation is not recharging during this time. o Force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values,

below the recharge limit)

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Observe that heating demand is submitted to heat generator(s) and at least one heat generator starts charging (with charging pump activated).

Automatic control on / off, charging time release, demand oriented, supply or 2.2.3return temperature control and multi-sensor storage management

Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature avoiding early recharging using time based charging blocking and multi sensing detection of remaining heat capacity of the buffer and transmitting demand information to the heat generation system. Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. Transmission of demand information enables optimized EP in heat generator systems. Parameters: Recharge limit Possible variants:



o Control equipment with real time clock, multi sensing buffer, communication/connection to heat generators for demand transmission

• Functional test: o Force water consumption of 50% of DHW buffer capacity during “DHW blocking time”

(or override DHW sensor values) Check that heat generation is not recharging during this time.

o Force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values, below the recharge limit)

Observe that heating demand is submitted to heat generator(s) and at least one heat generator starts charging (with charging pump activated).

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2.3 Control of DHW storage temperature, varying seasonally

Manual selected control of Energy Source 2.3.0Description: Manual selected control of energy source for DHW; manual selection of energy source which feeds the DHW. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: Manual energy source selection (e.g. switch)

Automatic selection of Energy source and charging time release 2.3.1Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature controlling the use of multiple energy sources and avoiding early recharging using time based charging blocking. Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. To improve EP through optimized selection of energy source which feeds the buffer at a given condition. Parameters: Switch over conditions (may required additional inputs e.g. outdoor temperature, summer/winter signal). Possible variants:

• DHW is fed by heat generator and electrical heating where during summer season electrical heat generation is more EP than standard heat generators

• DHW is fed by heat generator and heat pump where during summer season Heat pump generation is more EP than standard heat generations.

• DHW is fed by heat generator and solar where solar is always more EP than standard heat generators.


o Input for season switching condition: e.g. outdoor sensor, yearly time schedule • Functional test:


Check that no heat generation is recharging during this time. o Force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values)

(below the recharge limit) Observe that heating demand is submitted to heat generator which is

assigned to current season and this generator starts charging (with charging pump activated).

o Before DHW if fully loaded, force switchover to other season than current (e.g. stimulate or override outdoor temperature, change temporarily yearly time schedule)

Check if different heat generator (according to season table) continues to charge DHW.

o Force water consumption of 50% of DHW buffer capacity during “DHW blocking time” Check that heat generation is not recharging during this time.

o Force input for switchover condition Observe if DHW feeding is done with the corresponding energy source

o Change input for switchover condition beyond the switchover condition Observe that the feeding of the buffer is done by different energy source.

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Automatic selection of energy source and charging time release and demand 2.3.2oriented supply or multi-sensor storage management

Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature controlling the use of multiple energy sources avoiding early recharging using time based charging blocking and submitting demand information to heat generators or multi sensing detection of remaining heat capacity of the buffer. Loading is controlled through pump electric heat commands Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Transmission of demand information enables optimized EP in heat generator systems. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. To improve EP through optimized selection of energy source which feeds the buffer at a given condition. Outputs: Pump command/Electric Heat command. Parameters: Charging release time, Recharge limit, switch over conditions (may required additional inputs e.g. outdoor temperature, summer/winter signal). Additional equipment: Depending on switch over conditions. Possible variants:


• DHW is fed by heat generator and heat pump where during summer season Heat pump generation is more EP than standard heat generations.



o Either control equipment with real time clock or multi sensing buffer o Input for season switching condition e.g. outdoor sensor, yearly time schedule



o Force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values) (below the recharge limit)

Observe that heating demand is submitted to heat generator which is assigned to current season and this generator starts charging (with charging pump activated).



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Automatic selection of energy source for DHW with charging time release, 2.3.3demand oriented, supply and return temperature control, with multi-sensor storage management

Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature with control of use of multiple energy sources, avoiding early recharging using time based charging blocking and multi sensing detection of remaining heat capacity of the buffer and transmitting demand information to the heat generation system. Target: To improve EP by lowering mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. Transmission of demand information enables optimized EP in Heat generator systems. To improve EP through optimized selection of energy source which feeds the buffer at a given condition. Outputs: Demand signal to heat generators Parameters: Recharge limit, recharge limit, charging Release time, switch over conditions (may required additional inputs e.g. outdoor temperature, summer/winter signal) Possible variants:


• DHW is fed by heat generator and Heat pump where during summer season heat pump generation is more EP than standard heat generations.



o Control equipment with real time clock and multi sensing buffer, o Input for season switching condition, e.g. outdoor sensor, yearly time schedule



o Force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values) (below the recharge limit)

Observe that heating demand is submitted to heat generator which is assigned to current season and this generator starts charging (with charging pump activated).



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2.4 Control of DHW storage temperature with solar collector and heat generation

Manual selected control of solar energy or heat generation 2.4.0Description: Manual selected control of solar energy source for DHW; manual selection of energy source which feeds the DHW. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Check if manual selection of solar feeding DHW is installed (e.g. Switch).

Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary 2.4.1storage charge

Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature preferring Energy out of solar energy in combination with automatically supplementary recharging in case solar load is not sufficient. Target: To improve EP by maximizing charging of solar energy and in case that no solar energy is available. Automatic switch to supplementary loading of buffer with other Heat generations Parameters: Available Power of Solar energy. Possible variants:

• DHW is fed by solar primary and heat generator is delivering supplementary. • DHW is fed by solar primary and electrical reheat in DHW is delivering supplementary energy • DHW is fed by solar primary and heat pump delivering supplementary energy • DHW is fed by solar primary and combination of heat pump and heat generators are delivering

supplementary energy Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Solar charging equipment (pump, panel sensors, return sensor)

• Functional test: o Force water consumption of 50% of DHW buffer capacity (or override DHW sensor

values) and force solar charging by stimulating solar sensors (e.g. panel sensor or supply and return sensor of solar, or override sensor values).

Check that only solar is recharging DHW – no other heat sources should be active

Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary 2.4.2storage charge and demand-oriented supply or multi-sensor storage management

Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature preferring Energy out of solar energy in combination with automatically supplementary recharging in case solar load is not sufficient. Target: To improve EP by maximizing charging of solar energy and in case that no solar energy is available control Supplementary load of buffer with other Heat generations with minimum losses and max efficiency of the generators. In “Supplementary operation mode” EP efficiency is reached by minimizing mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. To improve EP through optimized selection of energy source which feeds the buffer at a given condition. Parameters: Available Power of Solar energy. Possible variants:

• DHW is fed by solar primary and heat generator is delivering supplementary • DHW is fed by solar primary and electrical reheat in DHW is delivering supplementary energy • DHW is fed by solar primary and heat pump delivering supplementary energy

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• DHW is fed by solar primary and combination of heat pump and heat generators are delivering supplementary energy


o Solar charging equipment (pump, panel sensors, return sensor) o Either control equipment with real time clock OR multi sensing buffer

• Functional test: o Force water consumption of 50% of DHW buffer capacity (or override DHW sensor

values) and force solar charging by stimulating solar sensors (e.g. panel sensor or supply and return sensor of solar, or override sensor values).

Check that only Solar is not recharging DHW – no other Heat sources should be active

o Force stop of solar charging by stimulating solar sensors to low values (e.g. panel sensor or supply and return sensor of solar, or override sensor values) and force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values) (below the recharge limit)

Observe that heating demand is submitted to heat generator and at least one generator starts charging (with charging pump activated).

o Observe solar power: If solar power is available DHW load should be active and heat up buffer to maximum.

o Check situation when no solar power is available. Force consumption of water. Loading should not happen before defined loading criteria is fulfilled (either time based, multi sensor conditions)

Automatic control of solar storage charge (Prio. 1) and supplementary 2.4.3storage charge, demand-oriented supply and return temperature control and multi-sensor storage management

Description: Control of the DHW storage temperature preferring Energy out of solar energy in combination with automatically supplementary recharging in case solar load is not sufficient. Target: To improve EP by maximizing charging of Solar energy and in case that no solar energy is available control Supplementary load of buffer with other Heat generations with minimum losses and max efficiency of the generators. In “Supplementary operation mode” EP is reached by minimizing mean DHW buffer temperature to reach less isolation losses from the buffer. This can be achieved by using up the full capacity of buffer heat before recharging. Less number of recharge cycles has also positive benefits for energy generators. EP is achieved by control according the return temperature which ensures optimized loading cycles for the heat generators. Parameters: Available Power of Solar energy, Minimum Return Temp Setpoints. Additional Equipment: Return Temp Sensor. Possible variants:

• DHW is fed by solar primary and heat generator is delivering supplementary • DHW is fed by solar primary and electrical reheat in DHW is delivering supplementary energy • DHW is fed by solar primary and heat pump delivering supplementary energy • DHW is fed by solar primary and combination of heat pump and heat generators are delivering

supplementary energy Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Solar charging equipment (pump, panel sensors, return sensor) o Control equipment with real time clock and multi sensing buffer

• Functional test:

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o Force water consumption of 50% of DHW buffer capacity (or override DHW sensor values) and force solar charging by stimulating solar sensors (e.g. panel sensor or supply and return sensor of solar, or override sensor values).

Check that only solar is not recharging DHW – no other heat sources should be active

o Force stop of solar charging by stimulating solar sensors to low values (e.g. panel sensor or supply and return sensor of solar, or override sensor values) and force further water consumption (or override upper DHW sensor with lower values below the recharge limit)

Observe that heating demand is submitted to heat generator and at least one generator starts charging (with charging pump activated).

o Observe solar Power: If solar power is available DHW load should be active and heat up buffer to maximum.

o Check situation when no solar power is available. Force consumption of Water. Loading should not happen before defined Loading criteria is fulfilled (either time based, multi sensor conditions)

o Observe Return Temperature during loading (in supplementary mode). If Minimum return temperature is reached – loading should stop

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2.5 Control of DHW circulation pump

Control of DHW circulation pump, without time switch program 2.5.0Description: Continuous operation of circulation pump Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: circulation pump installed

Control of DHW circulation pump, with time switch program 2.5.1Description: Control of DHW circulation pump using time switch program Target: To improve EP by avoiding energy losses in pipes as well as unnecessary energy consumption of circulation pump during time while no DHW comfort with circulation pump is needed. Possible variants:


Parameters: Time program of DHW circulation pump Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: scheduling device for pump • Functional test:

o Add temporarily a time schedule in near future which forces a transition from the current state to the other state (e.g. DHW-comfort to DHW-off or vice versa).

Check if the transition happens at this time and pump starts (or stops)

Control of DHW circulation pump – Demand oriented control 2.5.2Description: Control of DHW circulation pump using demand detection. Target: To improve EP by avoiding energy losses in pipes as well as unnecessary energy consumption of circulation pump during time while no DHW comfort with circulation pump is needed. Parameters: Delay time for off Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Demand detection (temperature sensor, electrical switch, flow sensor, pressure

sensor) • Functional test:

o Force water consumption (or override manually sensor values) Check if pumps starts

o Stop water consumption (or override manually sensor values) Check if pumps stops after some delay time

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3 Cooling Control Table 4 — Cooling control function list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes


Non residential

D C B A 3 COOLING CONTROL 3.1 Emission control

The control system is installed at the emitter or room level, for case 1 one system can control several rooms


3.1.1 Central automatic control

3.1.2 Individual room control REF

3.1.3 Individual room control with communication between controllers and to BACS

3.1.4 Individual room control with communication and presence control

3.2 Emission control for TABS for cooling


3.2.1 Central automatic control REF

3.2.2 Advanced central automatic control

3.2.3 Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and/or room temperature feedback control

3.3 Control of distribution network cold water temperature (supply or return)

Similar function can be applied to the control of direct electric heating networks


3.3.1 Outside temperature compensated control REF

3.3.2 Demand based control

3.4 Control of distribution pumps in networks

The controlled pumps can be installed at different levels in the network


3.4.1 On off control REF

3.4.2 Multi-Stage control

3.4.3 Variable speed pump control

3.5 Intermittent control of emission and/or distribution

One controller can control different rooms/zone having same occupancy patterns


3.5.1 Automatic control with fixed time program REF

3.5.2 Automatic control with optimum start/stop

3.5.3 Automatic control with demand evaluation

3.6 Interlock between heating and cooling control of emission and/or distribution -- CIHCCED

3.6.0 No interlock

3.6.1 Partial interlock (dependant of the HVAC system) REF

3.6.2 Total interlock

3.7 Different generator control for cooling



3.7.2 Variable temperature control depending on the load

3.8 Sequencing of different generators

3.8.0 Priorities only based on running times

3.8.1 Priorities only based on loads REF

3.8.2 Priorities based on loads and demand

3.8.3 Priorities based on generator efficiency

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3.1 Cooling – Emission Control

Cooling – No automatic control 3.1.0Description: No automatic control of the room temperature.

Central automatic control 3.1.1Description: Central control of temperature in rooms by means of cooling, it is acting either on the distribution or on the generation. Cooling control is performed without consideration of local demand of different rooms, possibly by using one room as reference. Target: To improve EP by minimizing emitted cool by emitters (e.g. chilled beams) or by air in the building using central control of temperature and/or flow. This control may be based on outside temperature and/or a reference sensor inside the building and assumes similar demands in different parts/rooms of the building. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off (or building protection) Inputs: Outdoor temperature, possibly indoor temperature as reference. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint. • Central timer program/scheduler: Time for different operating modes.


• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of central control unit.

• Functional test: o Correct function of the central control unit, e.g. by changing the setpoint and

measuring if cooling is changing accordingly.

Individual room control 3.1.2Description: Individual room control by thermostatic valves or electronic controller. The individual control of cooling temperature in rooms is performed either by thermostatic valves or local (non-communicating) electronic control units. The individual control may be combined with central timer program providing different operating modes. Target: To improve EP by minimizing emitted cool by emitters (e.g. chilled beams) or by air in the building using local control of temperature and/or flow in the rooms, thereby adapting to local demand, i.e. different loads in different rooms. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: Outdoor temperature, possibly indoor temperature as reference. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint • Central timer program: Time for different operating modes.


• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Presence of thermostatic valves or electronic control units.

• Functional test: o Correct functioning of the thermostatic valves or electronic control units, e.g. by

changing the setpoint up and down and measuring if cooling emission is decreasing and increasing accordingly.

Individual room control with communication 3.1.3Description: Individual room automatic control with communication between controllers and the BACS.

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Individual control of temperature in rooms by means of cooling with communication between controllers and to BACS, allows exchange of setpoints, demand and other status information. Target: To improve EP by minimizing cooling by emitters (e.g. chilled beams) or by air in the building using local control of temperature and/or flow in the rooms, thereby adapting to local demand, i.e. different loads in different rooms. Furthermore to obtain energy demand for further use to control distribution and generators, keeping run time at minimum and setpoints optimal. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: Room temperature, operation mode. Outputs: Energy demand. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint. • Central timer program: Time for different operating modes.

Additional equipment: Temperature sensor. Possible variants: Override of operation mode, e.g. by manual push-button (overtime operation). Inspector checks:


• Functional test: o Correct function of the room control units, e.g. by changing the setpoint via



Individual room control with communication and presence control 3.1.4Description: Individual room automatic control with communication between controllers and the BACS. Individual control of temperature in rooms by means of cooling with communication between controllers and to BACS, allows exchange of setpoints, demand and other status information. Target: To improve EP by minimizing cooling by emitters (e.g. chilled beams) or by air in the building using local control of temperature and/or flow in the rooms, thereby adapting to local demand, i.e. different loads in different rooms. Furthermore to obtain energy demand for further use to control distribution and generators, keeping run time at minimum and setpoints optimal. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: Room temperature, operation mode. Outputs: Energy demand. Parameters:

• Temperature setpoint. • Central timer program: Time for different operating modes.

Additional equipment: Temperature sensor, occupancy sensor. Possible variants: Override of operation mode, e.g. by manual push-button (overtime operation). Inspector checks:


• Functional test: o Correct function of the room control units, e.g. by changing the setpoint via


distribution and generators. o Correct function of presence detector e.g. by verifying if detector influences the

operating mode or setpoint

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3.2 Cooling – Emission control for TABS

No automatic control 3.2.0Description: There’s no automatic control implemented. Target: Manual controls of a loop apply. Inspector checks:

• No installed equipment available (except potential manual controls e.g. valve)

Central automatic control 3.2.1Description: The central automatic control for a TABS zone (which comprises all rooms which get the same supply water temperature) typically is a supply water temperature control loop whose setpoint is dependent on the filtered outside temperature, e.g. the average of the previous 24 hours. Target: The supply water temperature shall be set according to the filtered outside air temperature (filtered - weather compensated supply water temperature). Inputs: Mean outside air temperature of the previous day, supply water temperature. Outputs: Supply water setpoint / valve position. Parameters:

• Ramp to determine setpoint. Additional equipment: None. Possible variants: The controls might cover both heating and cooling. Inspector checks

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of outside air temperature sensor, supply water temperature

sensor. • Functional test:

o Correct functioning by changing the setpoint and measuring if effect is accordingly.

Advanced central automatic control 3.2.2Description: This is an automatic control of the TABS zone that fulfils the following conditions:

• If the TABS is used for heating and cooling: The central automatic control is designed and tuned to achieve an optimal self-regulating of the room temperature within the required comfort range (specified by room temperature heating and cooling setpoints). "Optimal" means that the room temperatures of all rooms of the TABS zone remain during operation periods in the comfort range, to meet comfort requirements, but also uses as far as possible the full range to reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling.

• If the TABS is used for heating and cooling: The automatic switching between heating and cooling is not done only dependent on the outside temperature, but also taking at least indirectly the heat gains (internal and solar) into account

Target: Achieve temperatures within the desired bandwidth for all rooms in the heating/cooling group. Inputs: Room temperature(s), outside air temperature, supply water temperature. Outputs: Supply water temperature / valve position. Parameters:

• Room cooling setpoint, comfort range. Additional equipment: Room setpoint device. Possible variants: Heating / cooling changeover, room cooling setpoint. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of room temperature sensor, supply water valve, changeover

cooling – heating (if), outside air temperature sensor. • Functional test:

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o Schedule transition to economy mode in t=tnow+t1 (where t1= 90% of time constant of TABS)

Check if valve is closing

Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and/or room 3.2.3temperature feedback control

Description: Advanced central automatic control with room temperature feedback control: • Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation. This is an advanced central

automatic control according to 2) with the following supplement: The pump is switched off regularly to save electrical energy, either with a fast frequency - typically 6 hours on/off cycle time - or with a slow frequency, corresponding to 24 hours on/off cycle time. If the TABS are used for cooling, intermittent operation with 24 hours on/off cycle time can also be used to reject the heat to the outside air if the outside air is cold.

• Advanced central automatic control with room temperature feedback control. This is an advanced central automatic control according to 2) with the following supplement: The supply water temperature setpoint is corrected by the output of a room temperature feedback controller, to adapt the setpoint to non-predictable day-to-day variation of the heat gain. Since TABS react slowly, only day-to-day room temperature correction is applied, an instant correction cannot be achieved with TABS. The room temperature that is fed back is the temperature of a reference room or another temperature representative for the zone.

• Advanced central automatic control with intermittent operation and room temperature feedback control.

Target: The goal is to compensate room/zone behaviour into the supply water temperature control in order to optimize emissions taking into account heat gain and radiation. Inputs: Outside air temperature, supply water temperature; return water temperature, and reference room temperature Outputs: Heating / cooling status, pump command, temperature control valve(s) Parameters:

• Setpoint heating, setpoint cooling Additional equipment: None. Possible variants: Mean zone temperature instead of reference temperature. Inspector checks: Availability of equipment, zone

o Existence and equipment evaluation: o Availability of equipment in zone, Room temperature sensor, supply water valve,

changeover cooling – heating (if), outside air temperature sensor. o Functional test:

o If room temperature is on setpoint: force temporarily (a few minutes) cooling demand for TABS controlled system (e.g. stimulation on sensor, or manual override sensor value)

Check that pump and valve are not reacting on this short time stimulation.

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3.3 Cooling – Control of distribution network water (supply or return)

Constant temperature control 3.3.0Description: The distribution network of the cold water is controlled at a constant temperature or not controlled Inspector checks:

• Physical presence of distribution network.

Outside temperature compensated control 3.3.1Description: Control of the temperature of the cold water distribution based on outside temperature compensation. Target: To improve EP by lowering the mean temperature of the flow, thereby minimizing cooling losses. Inputs: Outside temperature. Outputs: Cooling demand (to the chillier). Additional equipment: Outside temperature sensor. Possible variants: None. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of control unit, flow temperature measurement and outside

temperature measurement (or communication to outside air measurement). • Functional test:

o Ensure that “cooling mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to cooling mode, or override room mode value) and increase outside air measurement below “summer temperature” (e.g. stimulation at sensor, manual override value)

Check if valve action moves towards lower flow temperature, check if flow temperature is decreasing.

Demand based control 3.3.2Description: Control of the temperature of the cold water distribution is based on indoor temperature measurements. Prerequisite: Communicating system to room control units. Target: To improve EP by raising the mean temperature of the flow, thereby minimizing cooling losses. In addition use energy demand information to keep run time at minimum and setpoints optimal. Inputs: Demand from emitters. Outputs: Cooling demand (to the chillier). Parameters: Time for different operating modes. Possible variants: Outdoor temperature measurement included. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of control unit and temperature sensor and communication.

• Functional test: o Ensure that “cooling mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily cooling setpoints

so that room with current room condition is switched to cooling mode, or override room mode value) and force demand (e.g. decrease setpoint in one of the attached rooms significantly below current temperature, or override demand signal )

Check if valve action moves towards lower flow temperature, check if flow temperature is decreasing.

o Or, force demand decrease (e.g. decrease all setpoint of the attached rooms significantly below current temperature, or override demand signal)

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Check if valve action moves towards higher flow temperature, check if flow temperature is increasing.

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3.4 Cooling – Control of distribution pumps in networks

No automatic control 3.4.0Description: Distribution pumps are not controlled (only protection functions). Target: To improve EP by distributing energy with pumps (just thermal circulation). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: pump must be available

On / Off control 3.4.1Description: Pumps are enabled only if flow temperature and return temperature are different. Target: To improve EP by avoiding energy consumption of pumps while no energy need to be circulated. Inputs: Flow temperature, return temperature. Inspector checksExistence and equipment evaluation:

o Availability of pump(s) • Functional test:

o Stimulate flow temperature and return temperature to be equal. (e.g. stimulating sensor which has lower value temporarily above the other sensor value and observe during decreasing back, or override sensor values)

Observe flow and return temperatures: If (Flow Temp-Return Temp) is equal zero – pump must be off.

Multi-stage control 3.4.2Description: Speed of pumps is controlled to a constant pressure difference. Target: To improve EP by reducing auxiliary energy consumption by adapting (in fixed steps) the speed of the pump depending on the system conditions. Inputs: Load/Demand condition. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Equipment for multi speed must be available (e.g. pump with multi stage,

electrical/electronic staging equipment). • Functional test:

o Ensure that “cooling mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily cooling setpoint so that room with current room condition is switched to cooling mode, or override room mode value)

o Stimulate high load system condition: (e.g. set temporarily all setpoints of hydraulically connected rooms to values below current temperature or manually override values)

Observe that highest speed of pump is activated o Decrease step by step Load of System (e.g. setting temporarily step by step setpoints


Observe that pump speed decreases in steps.

Variable speed pump control 3.4.3Description: Speed of pumps is controlled depending on different states of the system. This may be done with constant or variable Δp and with demand evaluation to reduce the auxiliary energy demand of the pumps. Target: To improve EP by reducing auxiliary energy consumption of pumps by optimizing their speed for the current system conditions. Inputs: Pressure sensors.

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Possible variants: Δp pressure sensor from other parts of the system (requires communicating devices); Δp pressure sensor built in the control. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Presence of variable speed drive.

• Functional test: o Ensure that “cooling mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily cooling setpoints

so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o Stimulate high load system condition: (e.g. set temporarily all setpoints of hydraulically connected rooms to values below current temperature or manually override values)



Observe that pump speed decreases without steps (e.g. could be measured also via power consumption)

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3.5 Cooling – Intermittent control of emission and/or distribution

No automatic control 3.5.0Description: No Intermittent Control (always full energy consumption).

Automatic control with fixed time program 3.5.1Description: Automatic control is realised to reach intermittent operation of the emission and/or distribution components. Target: To improve EP by rising the temperature setpoints during certain conditions (e.g. night), this leads to improved EP due to shortened operation time of the generation/distribution, lower losses of the room(s) due to lower temperature differences to the outside. Inputs: Time schedule, setpoints for “economy”, “pre-comfort”, “comfort”. Outputs: Communication to distribution. Possible variants: One time program for a “group” of rooms (zone); one time program for a whole building. Inspector checks:Existence and equipment evaluation:

o Availability of fixed time program. • Functional test:

o Ensure that “cooling mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to cooling mode, or override room mode value)

o Create temporarily new time schedule which forces a transition to different state which is in “near future” (e.g. in 5 min from now)

Check if then transition happens to expected time to scheduled value Check setpoint if possible or observe actuators which should react

accordingly.

Automatic control with optimum start/stop 3.5.2Description: Automatic control is realised to reach optimized Start/Stop of intermittent operation of the emission and/or distribution components. Target: To improve EP through optimized start/stop to maximize time for economy mode by considering energy capacity of the building in control. Inputs: Time schedule, setpoints for “economy”, “pre-comfort”, “comfort”. Outputs: Communication to distribution. Possible variants: One time program for a “group” of rooms (zone); one time program for a whole building. Inspector checks:Existence and equipment evaluation:

o Availability of time scheduler • Functional test:

o Ensure that “cooling mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o If Room is currently in state “comfort or Precomfort”: Create temporarily new time schedule which forces transtion to economy at

t=tnow+ 0.9 x timeconstant of the building • Check if setpoints and actuators are immediately moving towards

economy state o Or, if room is currently in state “economy”, create temporarily new time schedule

which forces transition to “comfort” or “pre-comfort” at t= tnow+ 0.1 x timeconstant of the building.

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Check if setpoints and actuators are immediately moving towards comfort or pre-comfort state.

o In case that “historical records are available” Check transition from economy to pre comfort: pre-comfort level should be

reached at start time, Check transition from pre-comfort to economy: setpoints and actuators should

have been moved towards economy state significantly before scheduled transition.

Automatic control with demand evaluation 3.5.3Description: Automatic control is realised to reach intermittent operation of emission and/or distribution based on demand (occupancy). Target: To improve EP through maximizing “pre-comfort” and/or “economy” time by detecting or using information about real demand (e.g. occupancy). Inputs: Demand sensing information (e.g. occupancy), setpoints for “economy”, “pre-comfort”, “comfort”. Outputs: Communication to distribution. Possible variants: In combination with fixed time programs or optimized start/stop to switch between “pre-comfort” and “comfort”, or exclusively demand driven. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Availability of demand detection (e.g. occupancy sensor, manual occupancy switch

etc). • Functional test:

o Ensure that “cooling mode” is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

o Force demand transition (e.g. occupied/unoccupied room, press switch, or manually override demand signal)

Check if transition between states of demand detection must cause a transition between room states (“economy”, “pre-comfort”, “comfort”). Actuators have to move towards the corresponding state after some time delay.

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3.6 Cooling – Interlock between heating and cooling control of emission and/or distribution

No interlock 3.6.0Description: No automatic control.

Partial interlock 3.6.1Description: Partial interlock (dependant of the HVAC system). The control function is setup to minimize the possibility of simultaneous heating and cooling. Typically air conditioning and static heating/cooling are not totally interlocked. A typical root cause is that air conditioning is serving many rooms with one supply air temperature but rooms are controlled individually. During interlock conditions the setpoints for the centralized (Air) supply are changed towards lowering the “interlock”. Target: To improve EP through avoiding energy waist by minimizing the time and magnitude of simultaneous heating and cooling. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Communication/connection between heating control (1.1), cooling control (3.1) and

air temperature control (4.6) • Functional test

o Case air handler is in heating mode: Ensure that “heating mode” for static heating is enabled (e.g. by changing

temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to heating mode, or override room mode value)

• Observe heating setpoint of supply air temperature Force static heating to perform transition to “cooling mode” (e.g. by changing

temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to cooling mode, or override room mode value)

• Check that air handler temperature is decreasing and actuators acting accordingly (check decreasing of temperature setpoint if available)

o Case air handler is in cooling mode: Ensure that “cooling mode” for static cooling is enabled (e.g. by changing

temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to cooling mode, or override room mode value)

• Observe cooling setpoint of supply air temperature Force static cooling to perform transition to “heating mode” (e.g. by changing


• Check that air handler temperature is increasing and actuators acting accordingly (check increasing of temperature setpoint if available).

Total interlock 3.6.2Description: The control function ensures that there will be no simultaneous heating and cooling. Target: To improve EP by ensuring that no energy is waist through simultaneous heating and cooling. Typically this is done by either Hydraulic mechanical construction or by total switchover on Supply level. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical check if heating and cooling are mechanically separated o Communication/connection between heating control (1.1), cooling control(3.1) and air

temperature control (4.6) • Functional test:

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o Case air handler is in heating mode: Ensure that “heating mode” for static heating is enabled (e.g. by changing


• Observe heating setpoint of supply air temperature Try to force Static/Heating to perform transition to “cooling mode” ( e.g. by

changing temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that Room with current Room condition should switched to Cooling mode)

• Check that cooling control is blocked or that air handler and cooling control switches both to cooling mode

o Case air handler is in cooling mode:

Ensure that “cooling mode” for static heating is enabled (e.g. by changing temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition is switched to cooling mode, or override room mode value)

• Observe cooling setpoint of supply air temperature Try to force static heating/cooling to perform transition to “heating mode” (e.g.

by changing temporarily heating and cooling setpoints so that room with current room condition should be switched to heating mode,)

• Check that heating control is blocked or that air handler and heating control switches both to heating mode.

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3.7 Cooling – Different generator control

Constant temperature 3.7.0Description: Cool generation is not optimized to environmental conditions and control is always towards the maximum allowed temperature.

• Inputs: Max allowed temperature setpoint.

Variable temperature depending on outdoor temperature 3.7.1Description: The control temperature is calculated with the goal to operate the generator with minimized operating temperature setpoints depending on outdoor temperature. Target: To improve EP by avoiding unnecessary electrical pumping energy by minimising the generator operation temperatures using outdoor temperature information. Inputs: Outdoor temperature. Additional equipment: Outdoor temperature sensor. Possible variants: Outdoor information is transmitted via communication. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Presence of outdoor temperature sensor, flow temperature sensor

• Functional test: o Increase outside air measurement above “summer temperature” (e.g. stimulation at

sensor, manual override value) Check if heat generator action moves towards lower flow temperature, check

if flow temperature is lowering. o Or, decrease outside air measurement below 0 (e.g. stimulation at sensor, manual

override value) Check if heat generator action moves towards higher flow temperature Check if flow temperature is lowering.

o If historical data is available: Observe generator temperature setpoint Temperature setpoint of Generator_at_High Outdoor Temp must be lower

than setpoint of Generator_at_Low Outdoor Temp

Variable temperature depending on the load 3.7.2Description: Generator temperature setpoint is variable depending on demand based on the load of the system. Target: To improve EP by optimizing efficiency of cold water generator at given environmental conditions based on current load of the system. Inputs: Environmental conditions (water, air, etc.), cooling demand. Output: Efficiency of Heat Pump. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Communication to Distribution/cooling consumer, Flow Sensor

• Functional test: o Force cooling demand increase (e.g. decrease setpoint in one of the attached rooms

significantly below current temperature, or manually override demand signal) o Check if generator action moves towards lower flow temperature, check if flow

temperature is decreasing. o Or, force cooling demand decrease (e.g. increase all setpoint of the attached

rooms/distribution networks significantly above current temperature, or override demand signal) o Check if generator action moves towards higher flow temperatures

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o Check if flow temperature is decreasing. o In case historical information is available:

Observe generator temperature setpoint Temperature_at_LowLoad must be lower than Temperature_at_HighLoad.

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3.8 Cooling – Sequencing of different generators

Priorities only based on running time 3.8.0Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple cooling generators. The priority of sequencing is only based on running times of the generators (in order to optimize maintenance).

Priorities only based on loads 3.8.1Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple cooling generators. The generators of higher priority are running first. A given generator in the priority list is running only if the generators of higher priority are running at full load. The sequence is fixed - the priority list is arbitrarily created. Target: To improve EP by only using as many generators as needed at any point in time and drive each generator in its most efficient mode (full load). Inputs: Current total demand, manual input of fixed sequence, value of full load (optional demand signal from cool consumer). Outputs: Operating conditions to each generator. Additional equipment: (Variant) Load is measured within the generator (volumes and differences of flow and return temperature). Possible variants: Load is calculated from demand signal (communicating system). Load is measured from flow temperatures (sensors). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Sequence coordination device with communication/connection to all heat generators

• Functional test: o Force cooling demand (e.g. decrease step by step setpoints in the attached

rooms/distribution networks significantly above current temperature, or manually override Demand signal ),

Check if sequenced cooling generator activation follows the fixed priority list. o Or, force demand decrease (e.g. increase all setpoints of the attached

rooms/distribution networks significantly above current temperature, or override demand signal),

Check if sequenced cooling generator deactivation follows the fixed priority list.

Priorities based on loads and demand 3.8.2Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple heating generators considering their capacities. The generators of higher priority are running first. A given generator in the priority list is running only if the generators of higher priority are running at full load. The priority list is dynamically created based on load, considering the current capacities of the generators (max power). Target: To improve EP by only using as many generators as needed at any point in time - to avoid generators to run at very low load (e.g. <30%), but there is also a target to avoid too short "cycle times" (e.g. as each start consumes additionally energy). Inputs: Current total demand, current load of each generator. Outputs: Operating conditions to each generator. Additional equipment:

• Prerequisite: Demand must be transferred via communication. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Sequence coordination device with communication/connection to all cooling


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o Force cooling demand (e.g. decrease step by step setpoints in the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly below current temperature, or manually override demand signal),

Check if during sequenced generator activation always the condition: (Sum of Cooling power of currently X activated Generators must be smaller than (Sum of Cooling power of all other combination of X Generators).

o Or, force cooling demand decrease (e.g. increase all setpoint of the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly above current temperature, or override demand signal ),

Check if during sequenced generator activation always the condition: (Sum of Cooling power of currently X activated Generators must be smaller than (Sum of Cooling power of all other combination of X Generators).

o If historical data is available Verify that the priority list is not fixed but is dynamically modified over time

and the generators are operated accordingly.

Priorities based on generator efficiency 3.8.3Description: Priority based sequencing of multiple cooling generators considering their capacities. The generators of higher priority are running first. A given generator in the priority list is running only if the generators of higher priority are running at full load. The priority list is dynamically created reflecting the generators current efficiency. Target: To improve EP by only using as many as needed and drive each generator in its most efficient mode (full load), and only using the most efficient generators at any point in time. Inputs: Current total demand, current load and efficiency of each generator. Outputs: Operating conditions to each boiler. Additional equipment: Prerequisite: Demand must be transferred via communication. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Generators with efficiency measurement/output, o Sequence coordination device with communication/connection to all cooling


o Force cooling demand (e.g. decrease step by step setpoints in the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly below current temperature, or manually override demand signal ),

Check efficiency values of all activated generators: no more than one generator should have a low efficiency. All other(s) should have high efficiency

o Or, force cooling demand decrease (e.g. increase all setpoint of the attached rooms/distribution networks significantly above current temperature, or override demand signal ),

Check efficiency values of all activated generators: not more than one generator should have a low efficiency. All other(s) should have high efficiency

o If historical values are available: Check if there is more than one generator activated at any time

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4 Ventilation and Air condition control Table 5 —Ventilation and air conditioning control function list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes

Definition of classes Non residential D C B A 4 VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTROL 4.1 Air flow control at the room level


4.1.1 Time control REF

4.1.2 Presence control

4.1.3 Demand control

4.2 Air flow or pressure control at the air handler level


4.2.1 On off time control REF

4.2.2 Multi-stage control

4.2.3 Automatic flow or pressure control

4.3 Heat recovery exhaust air side icing protection control

4.3.0 Without defrost control

4.3.1 With defrost control REF

4.4 Heat recovery control (prevention of overheating)

4.4.0 Without overheating control

4.4.1 With overheating control REF

4.5 Free mechanical cooling


4.5.1 Night cooling REF

4.5.2 Free cooling

4.5.3 H, x directed control

4.6 Supply air Temperature control


4.6.1 Constant setpoint REF

4.6.2 Variable setpoint with outdoor temperature compensation

4.6.3 Variable setpoint with load dependant compensation

4.7 Humidity control


4.7.1 Dew point control REF

4.7.2 Direct humidity control

4.1 Air flow control at the room level This function focuses mainly on air flow (exchange of air in the room). Temperature and humidity controls are related but covered in section 4.6 and 4.7. Air handling (heating, cooling, humidification, and dehumidification) and circulating air is an energy consuming process so that the main goal for an energy efficient air flow control is to minimize air movement. Typical example is VAV type of equipment in rooms.

No automatic control 4.1.0Description: No automatic control of ventilation or natural ventilation. There is no control; the system runs constantly or controlled by a manually operated switch. Inspector checks: Nothing to check

Time control 4.1.1Description: Time control [comfort, economy].

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The system runs according to a given time schedule. Scheduled mechanical ventilation [comfort, economy] and / or motorized windows Possible variants:

• Simple scheduler on a daily basis • 7 day (weekly) scheduler with holiday and other pre-programming capabilities • “Extended hours” manual intervention: An occupant could kick the system after hours (during

“economy”) using a manual push button or similar. The system runs during a specified time and switches off automatically.

00:00 24:0012:0006:00 18:00

comfort

precomfort

economy

(protection)

In use

Target: To improve EP by intermittent or reduced flow through scheduled mechanical ventilation (on/off or off, step 1, step2) and/or motorized windows (optional). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Existence of scheduling for the specific room / zone.

• Functional test: o Add temporarily a time schedule in near future which forces a transition from the

current state to the other state (e.g. comfort to economy or vice versa). Check if the transition happens at this time and actuators which control air

flow are moving accordingly (e.g. dampers open/close, fan speed increasing/decreasing)

Presence control during scheduled times 4.1.2Description: The room controls is enabled by a “in use” scheduler and runs dependent on the presence e.g. of a light switch, infrared sensors, etc. (changeover of room status between “pre-comfort” and “comfort”). Optional:

• “In use” scheduler • Window contact that triggers “protection-mode” while window is open • “Extended hours” manual intervention • “Optimal start control”.

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occupied

unoccupied00:00 24:0012:0006:00 18:00

comfort

In use

precomfort

economy

(protection)

Presence detector or extended hour switch

00:00 24:0012:0006:00 18:00

comfort

precomfort

economy

(protection)

In use

OSC

OSC

Target: To improve EP by switching room status to “pre-comfort” when not required (= no presence). Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Presence detection is available (e.g. occupancy sensor, manual occupancy switch


o Add temporarily a time schedule in near future which forces a transition to economy. Check that all actuators (damper, fans) are in economy status at this time.

o Add temporarily a time schedule in near future which forces a transition from economy to “pre-comfort”

Check that actuators (damper, fans) move in a way that air flow is increased (if available: check flow setpoint and flow value)

o Force demand transition from unoccupied to occupied (e.g. enter room, manually override occupancy sensor values)

Check that actuators (damper, fans) further move in a way that air flow is further increased (if available: check flow setpoints and measured flow value)

o Force demand transition from occupied to unoccupied (e.g. exit room, manually override occupancy sensor values)

Demand control ventilation with presence detector 4.1.3Description: The room controls is driven by:

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• “In use” scheduler • Presence detector (people in space) • Measuring air quality.

A scheduler switches the operation mode of a room between “economy” (= not in use) and “comfort” (=in use). A presence detector switches the mode of a room between “comfort”- and “pre-comfort” mode while ”in use”. The air quality drives the supply air volume in addition to other comfort demands (e.g. temperature).

Target: To improve EP by adapting ventilation needs to the demand. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Presence detection is available (e.g. occupancy sensor, manual occupancy switch


o Add temporarily a time schedule in near future which forces a transition to economy. Check that all Actuators (damper, fans) are in economy state at this time.

o Force bad air quality by stimulating the air quality sensor (or overriding the sensor value).

Check that all actuators (damper, fans) are not changing o Add temporarily a time schedule in near future which forces a transition from economy

to “comfort” Check that actuators (damper, fans) move in a way that air flow is

increased (if available: check flow setpoint and flow value) o Force “good” air quality by stimulating the air quality sensor (or overriding the sensor

value). Check that actuators (damper, fans) further move in a way that air flow is

decreased (if available: check flow setpoints and measured flow value) o Force demand transition from unoccupied to occupied (e.g. enter room, manually

override occupancy sensor values) o If available

Check flow setpoints and measured flow value

4.2 Air flow or pressure control at the air handler level

No automatic control 4.2.0Description: No automatic control of ventilation or natural ventilation. There is no control; the system continuously runs and supplies of air flow for a maximum load of all rooms.

On / off time control ventilation 4.2.1Description: The air handler or motorized windows are controlled via on/off mechanism while building is "in use". Target: To improve EP by scheduled mechanical (on/off) ventilation. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Existence of scheduling for the specific air handler.

• Functional test: o Add temporarily a time schedule in near future which forces a transition from the

current state to the other state (e.g. comfort to economy or vice versa). Check if the transition happens at this time and actuators which control air

flow are moving accordingly (e.g. dampers open/close, fan speed increasing/decreasing)

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• On/off mechanism availability • Check sequence “to manual-off/on- and back to “auto”

Multi-stage control 4.2.2Description: The air handler is switched on while "in use" (step1). Based on the demand of supply air volume (pressure) the fan decreases the speed by a multi-step control (step 1 till step x).

III occupied

unoccupied00:00 24:0012:0006:00 18:00

comfort

In use

precomfort

economy

(protection)

I

II

Fan (Auto)

off

Target: To improve EP by scheduled mechanical ventilation (on/off or off, step 1, step 2) Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation • Control equipment for multi-step control for the fan(s).

• Functional test: a. Stimulate High Load System Condition, e.g. set temporarily all rooms/zone which are

supplied by this air handler to comfort/occupied/bad air or manually override values accordingly

Observe that highest speed of fan is activated b. Decrease step by step Load of System, e.g. set step by step state of supplied rooms

to “economy”, or manually override values accordingly Observe that fan speed decreases in steps

Automatic flow or pressure control 4.2.3Description: The air handler is enabled while "in use" and controlled based on the air flow demand from the rooms (e.g. presence detector, air quality, temperature, humidity).

A) Constant pressure setpoint control B) Dynamic pressure or volume setpoint control

max occupied

unoccupied00:00 24:0012:0006:00 18:00

comfort

In use

precomfort

economy

(protection)

min

Fan (Auto)

off

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When all rooms are in pre-comfort and air quality, temperature and humidity are according to the setpoints the fan is then switched off. (Note that a prerequisite is that all rooms/zones are in class A) Possible variants:

• Pressure reset. Target: A) EP is achieved by maintaining a constant pressure in the supply air that drives “air conditioning” as the demand in the emission spaces (rooms / zones) occurs. B) EP is achieved by maintaining a desired pressure in the supply air that drives “air conditioning” as the demand in the emission spaces (rooms / zones) occurs- including a demand controlled fan speed down to 0. Inspector checks:

o Existence and equipment evaluation: o Equipment for variable fan speed must be available o Pressure Sensing equipment o Demand Communication/Connection to rooms/zones

o Functional test: o Stimulate High Load System Condition: (e.g. Set temporarily all Rooms/Zone which

are supplied by this air handler to comfort/occupied/bad air or manually override values accordingly)

Observe that Highest Speed of Fan is activated o Decrease step by step Load of System, e.g. set step by step state of supplied rooms

to “economy”, or manually override values accordingly Observe that fan speed and/or Damper move towards less flow.

o If available: check if demand signal decreases fan speed decreases.

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4.3 Heat recovery exhaust air side icing protection control

Without defrost control 4.3.0Description: In a heat recovery system there can be conditions where the heat exchange equipment could get icy (e.g. very humidity and very low outside temperatures). No control of the heat recovery equipment in case of icy conditions at the exhaust of the heat recovery. There is no specific action during cold season required. Target: EP not applicable

With defrost control 4.3.1Description: In a heat recovery system there can be conditions where the heat exchange equipment could get icy (e.g. very humidity and very low outside temperatures). A control sequence avoids air leaving the heat exchanger producing icy conditions in the air outlet. Different solutions i.e. either heat the air up or control/bypass the heat exchanger to avoid the situation. Target: EP is achieved by preventing ice on the outlet hindering air passing through. Inspector checks:

o Existence and equipment evaluation: o Temperature sensor

o Functional Test: o Stimulate temperature sensor to “icy” condition (e.g. with “cold spray”, or manual

override sensor value) Check that actuators react (depending on solution: either heating coils are

increased, mixing valves react, heat wheel speed changes, fan speed changes)

4.4 Heat recovery control (prevention of overheating) Heat recovery systems can recover more heat than needed (e.g. in cases where w large portion of the heat production is generated outside of the HVAC system).

Without overheating control 4.4.0Description: No control of the heat recovery equipment to prevent overheating of supply air temperature. There is no specific action during hot or mild periods.

With overheating control 4.4.1Description: Automatic control prevents the heat recovery to overheat the supply air temperature, either by stopping, modulating or by-passing the heat exchanger. Target: EP is achieved by limiting of heat recovery (and re-cooling afterwards). Inspector checks

o Existence and equipment evaluation: o Temperature Sensor for Supply Air

o Functional Test: o Stimulate supply air temperature sensor to “overheat condition (e.g. increase

temperature of sensor to 37°, or manual override sensor value) Check that actuators react (depending on solution: mixing valves react, heat

wheel speed changes, fan speed changes) o Go back to previous condition and check that actuators move back to previous

conditions

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4.5 Free mechanical cooling Free mechanical cooling is a method to cool a building applying mechanical ventilation while in unoccupied mode. This method is applicable under certain conditions and need to be designed in a way than not more energy is used by mechanical systems than gained with exchange of the air.

No automatic control 4.5.0Description: No automatic cooling control is available.

Night cooling 4.5.1Description: The amount of outdoor air is set to its maximum during the unoccupied period provided: 1) Room temperature is above the setpoint for the comfort period 2) Difference between the room temperature and the outdoor temperature is above a given limit; if free night cooling is realized by automatically opening windows there is no air flow control. Target: EP is achieved by using cool night air to prepare temperature condition in zones while “not in use”. Inspector checks:

o Existence and equipment evaluation: o Outside Temperature Sensor (or communication to outside Air sensor) o Room/Zone Temperature Sensor

o Functional Test: o Switch room/zone to “unoccupied” mode (e.g. by creating temporary new time

program in near future” or modifying time, or manually overriding occupancy setpoint value)

o Stimulate outside air temperature to be in low temperature (e.g. 12°), stimulate room/zone temperature to higher level so that difference exceed given limit. (Stimulation could be done by direct heating up/cooling down sensor physically or just overriding sensor values in system)

Check that air conditioning actuators react (depending on solution: fan speed changes, valves are reacting -> air flow should start)

o Switch back to normal conditions Check that system switches back after some delay to “previous” condition.

Free cooling 4.5.2Description: The amount of outdoor air and recirculation air are modulated during all periods of time to minimize the amount of mechanical cooling. Calculation is performed on the basis of temperatures. Target: EP is achieved by using cool air to prepare temperature condition in zones during all times. Inspector checks:

o Existence and equipment evaluation: o Outside temperature sensor (or communication to outside air sensor) o Room/zone temperature sensor

o Functional Test: o Stimulate outside air temperature to be in low temperature (e.g. 12°), stimulate

room/zone temperature to higher level so that difference exceed given limit. (Stimulation could be done by direct heating up/cooling down sensor physically or just overriding sensor values in system)

Check that air conditioning actuators react (depending on solution: fan speed changes, valves are reacting -> air flow should start)

o Switch back to normal conditions Check that system switches back after some delay to “previous” condition.

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H,x-directed control 4.5.3Description: The amount of outdoor air and recirculation air are modulated during all periods of time to minimize the amount of mechanical cooling. Calculation is performed on the basis of temperatures and humidity (enthalpy). Target: EP is achieved by applying both temperature and humidity to prepare temperature condition in zones while scheduled / occupied. Inspector checks

o Existence and equipment evaluation: o Humidity Sensor o Humidifier/dehumidifier actuators o Room/zone temperature sensor

o Functional Test: o Decrease Setpoint of Room so that cooling gets activated

Check that humidity actuators react o Switch back to normal conditions

Check that system switches back after some delay to “previous” condition.

4.6 Supply air temperature control This section applies for controls of rooms/zones where the “leading” setpoint of the air supply is room temperature (and not air quality, or air Flow -> see 4.1). This temperature control shall be considered with a particular attention if the system principle does not prevent simultaneous heating and cooling (see 3.6).

No automatic control 4.6.0Description: No control loop enables to act on the supply air temperature – also no controls to a fixed temperature value.

Constant setpoint 4.6.1Description: A control loop enables to control the supply air temperature. Supply air temperature setpoint can be set but stays constant – no automatic adaptation. Target: Supply air setpoint can be adjusted to fit needs of controls. Inspector checks

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Room/zone temperature sensor

• Functional test: o Increase Temperature Setpoint temporarily.

Check that actuators (valve, electrical reheat, and fan) move towards higher air flow temperatures.

Variable setpoint with OTC 4.6.2Description: Setpoint is modulated applying a scheme or rules to follow outside air temperature (OTC). The rules or algorithm to follow the outside air might be adjustable (e.g. linear function, curve, 2 point line). Target: The controls strategy is that the supply setpoint follows the outside air temperature – applying algorithmic – in order to ensure comfort/production environment. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Room/zone temperature sensor o Outside air sensor (or communication to outside air sensor)

• Functional test: o Stimulate outside air temperature to very low value (or manually override sensor

value)

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Check that actuators (valve, electrical reheat, fan) moving towards higher air flow temperatures

o Stimulate Outside Air Temperature to very high values (or manually override Sensor value)

Check that actuators (valve, electrical reheat, fan) move towards lower air flow temperatures

o If available observe “airflow temperature setpoint

Variable setpoint with load dependant compensation 4.6.3Description: The setpoint follows a strategy of the demand for e.g. colder or warmer air in order to ensure the required condition in a space supplied by the plant. The control strategy might need to follow several demand signals (e.g. temperature, air quality) from different rooms. This is typically used in rooms/zones where air conditioning and static heating and/or cooling are installed. In these cases the air flow controls towards:

• Priority 1: air quality (or Constant Flow) setpoint • Priority 2: supply air temperature which is calculated together with information from/to static

heating/cooling. Possible variants: supply air temperature is dependent additionally on outside air temperature Target: Improve EP by optimizing (lowest possible) temperature setpoint for supply air in combination with air flow/air quality control and static heating, respectively (highest possible) temperature setpoint for static cooling. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Room/zone temperature sensor o Flow/air quality control (see 4.1) o Communication/connection to static heating/cooling (see 1.1./3.1)

• Functional test: o Observe supply temperature (or if available supply temperature setpoint) o Stimulate high load system condition: (e.g. set temporarily l Rooms/Zone which are

supplied by this air handler to comfort/occupied/bad air or manually override values accordingly)

Observe that highest speed of fan is activated. Check if supply temperature (or setpoint) changes.

o Decrease step by step load of system (e.g. set step by step state of supplied rooms to “economy”, or manually override values accordingly )

Observe that fan speed and/or damper move towards less flow. Check if supply temperature (or setpoint) goes back to previous condition.

4.7 Humidity control It is used to assure the comfort for the room users or as a building protection to prevent the growth of damp inside the building envelope.

No automatic control 4.7.0Description: Humidifier/dehumidifier facilities run constantly or manually switched/on

Dew point control 4.7.1Description: Supply air or room air humidity expresses the dew point temperature and reheat of the supply air.

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Target: Improve EP through avoiding air handler operation in “high energy” operational state (above dew point) Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Humidity Sensor

• Functional test: o Ensure that room/air handler is “in use” o Force dewpoint sensor to value above dewpoint (either stimulate sensor or override

sensor values) Check if Air Handler actuators reacts (fan, valves, reheating coils)

o Change back setpoint to previous values Check that air handler actuators go back to previous condition.

Direct humidity control supply air or room air humidity 4.7.2Description: a control loop enables the supply air or room air humidity at a constant value. Controllers may be applied as “humidity limitation control” or “constant control". Target: Improve EP through reducing operation time and/or operation setpoints of humidifier/dehumidifier facilities. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Humidity sensor

• Functional test: o Ensure that room/air handler is “un use” o Decrease setpoint limit for humidity significantly

Check if air handler actuators reacts (fan, valves, reheat coils) o Change back setpoint to previous values

Check that air handler actuators go back to previous condition. o If historical values are available

Check that changes in room humidity sensors caused reactions in humidity actuators (or air handling actuators).

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5 Lighting control Table 6 — Lighting control function list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes


Non residential

D C B A

5 LIGHTING CONTROL

5.1 Occupancy control

5.1.0 Manual on/off switch

5.1.1 Manual on/off switch + additional sweeping extinction signal REF

5.1.2 Automatic detection

Auto On / Dimmed Off

Auto On / Auto Off

Manual On / Dimmed

Manual On / Auto Off

5.2 Light level control

5.2.0 Manual REF

5.2.1 Automatic

5.1 Lighting – Occupancy control

Manual on / off switch 5.1.0Description: The luminary is switched on and off with a manual switch in the room. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation • Functional test:

o Check switch and light function.

Manual on / off Automatic off switch – Additional sweeping extinction signal 5.1.1Description: Manual On, manual off and automatic off switch with additional sweeping extinction signal. Lighting control is realised by manual on/off switch and additional sweeping extinction signal. The luminary is switched on and off with a manual switch in the room. In addition, an automatic signal automatically switches off the luminary at least once a day, typically in the evening to avoid needless operation during the night. Target: To improve EP by switching off the light after business hours. Inputs: Sweep time Outputs: Sweep signal Additional equipment: Switch off unit Possible variants: Manual override Inspector checks

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Manual switches o Sweep control device with Real time clock

• Functional test: o Switch on manually light o Modify temporarily Sweep time in Sweep time control (e.g. add new “Sweep switch

point” in near future, or modify clock in Timer) Check that light is switched off

o If Historical data are available, check status of lights after sweep time. o If Electrical sub metering is available, check if at sweep time electrical energy is

reduced significantly every day.

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Check sweeping function, e.g. with simulation of switch off function.

Automatic detection 5.1.2Descriptions: there are 4 different types of automatic detection functions

1- Auto On / Dimmed / Off. The control system switches the luminary (ies) automatically on whenever there is presence in the illuminated area, and automatically switches them to a state with reduced light output (of no more than 20 % of the normal 'on’ state) no later than 5 min after the last presence in the illuminated area. In addition, no later than 5 min after the last presence in the room as a whole is detected, the luminary (ies) is automatically and fully switched off. Target: To improve EP by avoiding light where no light is needed and reduce light brightness in not used areas (open space office). 2- Auto on / Auto off. The control system switches the luminary (ies) automatically on whenever there is presence in the illuminated area, and automatically switches them entirely off no later than 5 min after the last presence is detected in the illuminated area. Target: To improve EP by avoiding light where no light is needed. 3- Manual On / Dimmed. The luminary (ies) can only be switched on by means of a manual switch in (or very close to) the area illuminated by the luminary (ies), and, if not switched off manually, is (are) automatically switched to a state with reduced light output (of no more than 20 % of the normal 'on’ state) by the automatic control system no later than 5 min after the last presence in the illuminated area. In addition, no later than 5 min after the last presence in the room as a whole is detected, the luminary (ies) is (are) automatically and fully switched off. Target: To improve EP by avoiding light where no light is needed. 4- Manual On / Auto Off. The luminary (ies) can only be switched on by means of a manual switch in (or very close to) the area illuminated by the luminary (ies), and, if not switched off manually, is (are) automatically and entirely switched off by the automatic control system no later than 5 min after the last presence is detected in the illuminated area. Target: To improve EP by avoiding light where no light is needed

Common to all functions Condition: Communication between light control and occupancy sensor Inputs: operation mode, occupancy and duration Outputs: Run hours, lighting demand per square meter Additional equipment: Occupancy sensor, Timer Possible variants: Input manual override Inspector checks

• Existence and equipment evaluation o light/brightness, occupancy sensor o Manual switch (case 3 and 4)

• Functional test: o Force “light demand condition”. (e.g. cover light/brightness sensor with a black box, or

override brightness sensor value ) see also 5.2 o Force “unoccupied conditions” (e.g. cover occupancy sensor with black box, or

override occupancy sensor value) Check (after delay time) that lights keep off

o Force occupancy condition (e.g. remove cover and do movement, or override occupancy sensor value) and in case of manual switches, press switch

Check that lights are switched on

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o Force “Unoccupied conditions” (e.g. cover occupancy sensor with black box, or override occupancy sensor value)

Check that light is switched off after delay time o If historical data are available, check occupancy sensor values and light status values. o If electrical sub metering is available, check if at sweep time electrical energy is

reduced significantly every day.

5.2 Lighting – Light level Control This covers only the aspect of light level control (occupancy control is covered separately in 5.1). Typically light level and occupancy control are installed together (very often even in the same control device).

Manual Control 5.2.0Description: there is no automatic control to take light level into account. User can manually switch on lights if it gets dark

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Manual switch

• Functional test: o Check that light can be switched off

Automatic light level control 5.2.1Description: Automatic lighting control by automatic light level control with room light sensor. An automatic system takes light level into account and switches light in relation with automatisms described in 5.1. Target: To improve EP by avoiding light if light level is available. Inputs: operation mode, light intensity Outputs: Run hours, lighting demand per square meter. Additional equipment: Room light sensor, Possible variants: Combined light level/occupancy control Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Brightness sensor

• Functional test: o Force “light demand condition”. (e.g. cover light/brightness sensor with a black box, or

override brightness sensor value ) see also 5.2 o Force “unoccupied conditions” (e.g. cover occupancy sensor with black box, or

override occupancy sensor value) Check (after delay time) that Lights keep Off

o Force occupancy condition (e.g. remove cover and do movement, or override occupancy sensor value) and in case of manual switches, press switch

Check that lights are switched on o Force “unoccupied conditions” (e.g. cover occupancy sensor with black box, or

override occupancy sensor value) Check that light is switched off after delay time

.

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6 Blind Control Table 7 — Blind control function list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes


Non residential

D C B A

6 BLIND CONTROL

6.0 Manual operation

6.1 Motorized operation with manual control

6.2 Motorized operation with automatic control REF

6.3 Combined light/blind/HVAC control

There are two different motivations for blind control: Solar protection to avoid overheating and to avoid glaring.

6.0 Manual operation of blinds Description: Manual operation of blind. Mostly used only for manual shadowing, energy saving depends only on the user behaviour.

6.1 Motorized operation of blinds with manual control Description: Mostly used only for easiest manual (motor supported) shadowing, energy saving depends only on the user behaviour. Target: Improve EP through disburdening the user from manual (mechanical) shadowing which increases user’s probability to shade in a way that it is more energy efficient. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Switches to manually operate blinds o Motorized blinds

• Functional test: o Use manual switch facilities to operate blinds

Check if blinds act accordingly

6.2 Motorized operation of blinds with automatic control Description: Automatically control the solar radiation by means of motorized blinds (roller blinds, Venetian blinds, blinds and awnings). Solar radiation sensing can be done individually in each room or collectively for many rooms by an outside solar sensor. Very often there are protection functions (e.g. wind protection) which interfere with the shading. Target: To improve EP by reducing cooling energy. Inputs: Operation mode, outside and room solar sensors, occupancy sensing, manual override switch, override control from the building automation system. Additional equipment: Outside and inside solar sensors, occupancy sensor. Possible variants: Input: operation mode override. Inspector checks

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Solar sensor o Communication to solar brightness sensor o Motorized blinds

• Functional test: o Force “solar gain condition” (e.g. stimulate light sensor with bright light, or override

manually sensor value). Ensure that no protection conditions are active (e.g. wind)

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Check that blinds are acting accordingly and increase shading. o Force “No solar” condition (cover inside light sensor, or override manually sensor

value). Check that blinds are acting accordingly and decrease shading.

o If historical data are available: check if shading is increased when brightness/solar detection is increased and vice versa.

6.3 Combined light/blind/HVAC control – with light level control Description: Combined light/blind/HVAC control with light level control. Control the solar radiation by means of motorized blinds (roller blinds, Venetian blinds, blinds and awnings). Target: Improve EP by maximizing gain of solar heat, light and minimizing cooling losses through solar heat by coordination of blinds control, automatic lighting control, automatic light level control, HVAC control (room temperature) and heat retention facility including alignment of zones/rooms. Condition: Communication between light control, HVAC control and blinds control. Inputs: Operation mode, outside and room light sensors, outside and room temperature sensor, , manual override switch, override switch from/to the lighting controller, override control from the building automation system. Additional equipment: Outside and inside light sensors Possible variants Input: Heat retention facility, combined with occupancy sensing Inspector checks

• Existence and equipment evaluation o light sensor or communication to light sensor o Communication to room temperature control (1.1, 3.1, 4.6) o Communication to lighting control (5.1)

• Functional test: o Force operation mode of room/zone “cooling” (e.g. change cooling setpoints

temporarily to lower values, or override operation mode value). o In case of combination with “occupancy detection” ensure that room is in “occupied

mode”. o Force “solar” condition. (e.g. stimulating sensor with bright light, or override manually

sensor value). Ensure that no protection conditions are active (e.g. wind) Check that blinds are acting accordingly and increase shading.

o Force “light demand condition”. (e.g. cover light sensor with a black box, or override light sensor value). In case of manual switches, press switch

Check that blinds are acting accordingly and decrease shading. o Force operation mode of Room/Zone “Heating” (e.g. change heating setpoints

temporarily to higher values, or override Operation mode value) Observe that Heating actuators act in a way that heat is delivered to room

o Force “solar gain condition”, e.g. stimulate solar sensor/light sensor with a bright lamp or override light sensor value.

Check that actuators for heating are acting towards less heat delivery (e.g. closing valves, decreasing flow setpoints)

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7 Technical Building Management functions Technical Building Management enables to adapt easily the operation to the user needs. One shall check at regular intervals that the operation schedules of heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting are well adapted to the actual used schedules and that the setpoints are also adapted to the needs. – Attention shall be paid to the tuning of all controllers. This includes setpoints as well as control parameters such as PI controller coefficients. – Heating and cooling setpoints of the room controllers shall be checked at regular intervals. These setpoints are often modified by the users. A centralised system enables to detect and correct extreme values of setpoints due to misunderstanding by users. – If the Interlock between heating and cooling control of emission and/or distribution is only a partial interlock, the setpoints shall be regularly checked to minimise the simultaneous use of heating and cooling. – Alarming and monitoring functions will support the adaptation of the operation to user needs and the optimization of the tuning of the different controllers. This will be achieved by providing easy tools to detect abnormal operation (alarming functions) and by providing an easy way to log and plot information (monitoring functions).

Table 8: TBM functions list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes Definition of classes

Non residential

D C B A

7 TECHNICAL BUILDING MANAGEMENT 7.1 Detecting faults of building systems and providing support to the diagnosis of these faults

7.1.0 No

7.1.1 Yes REF

7.2 Reporting information regarding energy consumption, indoor conditions and possibilities for improvement

7.2.0 No REF

7.2.1 Yes

7.1 TBM faults detection One of the major benefits of a BACS system is the “automatic” mode. This means that the system supervises itself and annunciates malfunctions and other odd states of alarms and components. Generally system faults result in either infringement of the desired comfort conditions (e.g. heating case: too low room temperature) or in energy waste (e.g. heating case: too high room temperature). Therefore these malfunctions must be detected and resolved as fast as possible so that the time period where the system runs with malfunction is minimal.

No faults detection possibilities 7.1.0 Description: Setpoints, parameters, operation modes, supervision of communication are not available for the user (or only with additional measurement devices). Only basic malfunctions are detected and indicated to the user (e.g. one red signal lamp for malfunction). BACS should support the user by monitoring and checking deviations The BACS does not detect the most major EE relevant functions like: • Manual operation of equipment that stay far too long time in “manual”. • Cooling set point below heating set point • Evaluated value out of a sensing equipment that is out of specified range of that particular device There is no automatic supervision of communication within the system and alarm generation if components are “lost”. Inspector checks: Not necessary for Class D

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Detecting faults of building systems and providing support to the diagnosis 7.1.1of these faults

Description: Detecting faults of building systems and providing support to the diagnosis of these faults. BACS should support user in monitoring and checking deviations of the following faults:

• Improper operation schedules • Improper setpoints • System or parts of it operate in “manual” mode for more than a specified time. Manual

intervention into a BACS shall be the exception. • Simultaneous heating and cooling The system should control the generator’s priority in order to obtain the best energy performance

Automatic detection and indication of these kinds of faults are covered in the KPI’s document (chapter 7). Any changes to the system that have an influence on the use of energy should be recorded to be traceable. In addition the system should contain functionality that helps tracking deviations, e.g. setpoints being out of the normal range, time schedules out of range, etc. The BACS is also expected to detect:

• No device / system supervision • Communication nodes availability / lost communication • Sensor / actuators communication / lines broken • Sensor / actuator limits out of range (e.g. sensor has 0-50°, value is 55° error message)

Target: To minimize energy demand by central optimization of controls to user’s needs. In addition, to be able to save energy by finding manually or otherwise set values that fall out of the normal range and that cause excess use of energy; coupled with alarms/system messages to warn of plant running out of normal. Condition: Communication between automation stations and the management station. Process inputs:

For full supervision: actual setpoints, actual sensor values, occupancy information profile (state), actuator values, dead bands, control parameters, (optionally) schedules, warning/alarm limits.

Process outputs: download time-schedules, modified setpoints & control parameters. Central outputs: alarm and maintenance information, overview of current status of each TBM, overview of Schedules . Variants:

- Partial TBM where not all rooms/zones or plants are supervised. - Partial TBM where not all relevant sensors/actuators/setpoints of rooms/zones or plants are

supervised (see process inputs definition). Partial coverage should be considered in the BACS evaluation using the “supplied area by TBM” vs. total area of TBM. Only “areas” in rooms/zones and plants with full TBM should be counted. For each function as defined in EN 15232 as well as in this document there should be one “main setpoint” which control follows – e.g. air quality for ventilation (4.1), room temperature for heating (1.1). As a room/zone can have multiple functions implemented (e.g. ventilation (4.1), heating (1.1)) also same amount of setpoints (and all control values) needs to be covered in TBM. Intermediate setpoints are not required (e.g. flow temperature setpoint in room temperature control) Rooms with Partial TBM can be considered additionally by adding same “correction factors” which is proportional to the coverage of the process inputs in this room/zone.

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Inspector checks

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Communication to all Controls of “supervised” Room/Zone/Plant o Operator’s User Interface for Monitoring o Operator’s User Interface for “Modification”

• Functional test: o Select multiple rooms/zones or plants which are claimed to be covered by TBM o Do for each room the following steps:

Check for each function (e.g. heating, cooling, ventilation) that all setpoints, sensor values, actuator values, parameters (including warning/alarm limits) are available on operator user interface in TBM.

Modify each setpoint significantly (see inspector checks: description of the corresponding function) and observe that the corresponding control is reacting and values are updated and changed

Set some sensor values to manual. Check that TBM is delivering notification to the intended operators user

interface that manual operation is active o If a schedule is available: modify schedule (temporarily) in a way that a transition of

state (e.g. occupancy) happens in near future. Check that transition is happening at planned time (see also inspector checks:

for intermittent control (1.3, 3.3, and 4.2). o In selected rooms/zones plants do at least one of the following actions: sensor break

test (e.g. shortcut sensor), power off control, and disconnect communication. Check that TBM logs these faults as alarms and delivers it to the operators

preferred user interface. The time delay should be in the range of minutes.

7.2 TBM Reports Reports help finding odd situations in the equipment operation and/or investigations after detecting faults or odd situations. Finding the root cause on such situations is easier if you can start a number of reports that show a condensed state of the equipment. Reports usually don’t use only data from current state but also historical data from the past. Only with historical data this proper analysis can be done. It is recommended to have at least one week of historical data of the relevant values to get benefit of the reporting function.

No report 7.2.0Description: Only current status of the BACS is available in the TBM (see 7.1.1.), No data condensation, and no historical data collection.

Reporting information regarding energy consumption, indoor conditions and 7.2.1possibilities for improvement

Description: Reporting information regarding energy consumption, indoor conditions and possibilities for improvement Report shall be set to report information regarding energy consumption and indoor conditions. These reports shall include:

• Using the monitoring functions enables to take into account the actual values regarding climatic data, internal temperature, internal gains, use of electricity (lighting, office equipment, air handling, cooling, etc.), domestic hot and cold water use, use of heating/cooling (water and/or air based) and lighting use;

• Indoor air quality monitoring The reports shall include the actual value as well as reference values such as setpoints for example. Target: To minimize energy demand by central optimization of controls to user’s needs.

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Condition: Communication between automation stations and the management station. Process inputs for full Supervision: historical and actual setpoints, historical and actual sensor values, historical and actual values of occupancy information profile (state), (optionally) actuator values, (optionally) dead bands, (optionally) control parameters, (optionally) schedules, user activity logs. Process outputs: archive of historical data of all relevant values. Central outputs: user logs, reports with trend logs to compare with the past, reports/trends with data condensing, reports with fault statistic and analysis. Variants:

- Partial TBM-reporting where not all rooms/zones or plants are trended. - Partial TBM-reporting where not all relevant sensors, actuators, setpoints of

rooms/zones or plants are supervised (see “process inputs definition”). Partial coverage should be considered in the BACS evaluation using the “supplied area by TBM” vs. total area of TBM. Only “areas” in rooms/zones and plants with full TBM should be counted. For each function as defined in EN 15232 as well as in this document there should be one “main setpoint” which control follows – e.g. air quality for ventilation (4.1), room temperature for heating (1.1). As a room/zone can have multiple functions implemented (e.g. ventilation (4.1), heating (1.1)) also same amount of setpoints and corresponding sensor value needs to be covered in TBM-reporting. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Communication to all Controls of “supervised” Room/Zone/Plant o Operator’s User Interface for Reports o Existence of “Storage” for Historical data

• Functional test:

o Select multiple Rooms/Zones or Plants which are claimed to be covered by TBM-reporting and do for each room the following steps:

Check that for each function (e.g. Heating, Cooling, Ventilation) that reports can be done which include actual and historical data of all Setpoints and Sensor values

o Create sample reports and check on preferred operators user interface Check that report contains historical data (even if it is only a few minutes old)

combined with actual data Ensure that faults have been notified to TBM (see inspector checks: 6.1.1) Check if reports on faults are available

o Create sample report with condensed/analysed alarm and check on the preferred operator’s user interface

o Do some operator’s modifications on preferred operator’s UI Create report which logs operator activity and output to preferred operator’s

user interface.

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8 EUBAC KPIs Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are commonly used to measure the performance of an activity. EUBAC has developed a large set of performance indicators that are related to the operation of the BACS in terms of energy efficiency. They are based on operational data from the BACS, but are not only limited to evaluation of the control performance but also include human behaviour and operational aspects. The most important (for energy efficiency) of the indicators are called KPIs and are encouraged to be implemented in all installed systems. Since KPIs are defined for activities/functionality from the very top level, building wide, all the way down to activities/functionality for specific rooms, the implementation can be covering more or less of them. This will make a difference when it comes to the opportunity to investigate potential errors or improvement actions. The performance indicators and KPIs are specified in detail in Part 4 of the Certification Scheme.

Table 9— EUBAC Extended functionality list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes


Non residential

D C B A

8 EUBAC KPIs 8.1 Rooms KPI coverage

8.1.0 < 50% of KPIs available

8.1.1 50% .. 70% of KPIs available


8.1.3 >95% of KPIs available

8.2 AHUs KPI coverage





8.3 Heating KPI coverage





8.4 Cooling KPI coverage





8.5 DHW KPI coverage





8.6 TBM KPI coverage





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8.1 Rooms KPI coverage

Less than 50% of KPIs available 8.1.0Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the rooms is covering less than 50% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS.

Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available 8.1.1Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the rooms is covering from 50% to 70% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o TBM device with storage capability o Operator User interface for reporting

• Functional test: o Create listing (report) of all implemented KPIs o Compare available KPIs against check-list where it should be indicated how many

KPIs are claimed to be available and how many potentially could have been implemented.

Check if percentage coverage is correct

Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available 8.1.2Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the rooms is covering from 71% to 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





More than 95% of KPIs available 8.1.3Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the rooms is covering more than 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:


• Functional test: o Create listing (report) of all implemented KPIs

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o Compare available KPIs against check-list where it should be indicated how many KPIs are claimed to be available and how many potentially could have been implemented.


8.2 AHUs KPI coverage

Less than 50% of KPIs available 8.2.0Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the AHUs is covering less than 50% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS.

Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available 8.2.1Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the AHUs is covering from 50% to 70% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available 8.2.2Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the AHUs is covering from 71% to 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





More than 95% of KPIs available 8.2.3Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the AHUs is covering more than 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:


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8.3 Heating KPI coverage

Less than 50% of KPIs available 8.3.0Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the heating is covering less than 50% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS.

Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available 8.3.1Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the heating is covering from 50% to 70% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available 8.3.2Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the heating is covering from 71% to 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





More than 95% of KPIs available 8.3.3Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the heating is covering more than 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation

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o TBM device with storage capability o Operator User interface for reporting




8.4 Cooling KPI coverage

Less than 50% of KPIs available 8.4.0Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the cooling is covering less than 50% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS.

Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available 8.4.1Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the cooling is covering from 50% to 70% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available 8.4.2Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the cooling is covering from 71% to 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





More than 95% of KPIs available 8.4.3Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the cooling is covering more than 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency.

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Inspector checks: • Existence and equipment evaluation

o TBM device with storage capability o Operator User interface for reporting




8.5 DHW KPI coverage

Less than 50% of KPIs available 8.5.0Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the DHW is covering less than 50% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS.

Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available 8.5.1Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the DHW is covering from 50% to 70% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available 8.5.2Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the DHW is covering from 71% to 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





More than 95% of KPIs available 8.5.3Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the DHW is covering more than 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS.

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Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





8.6 TBM KPI coverage

Less than 50% of KPIs available 8.6.0Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the TBM is covering less than 50% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS.

Between 50% and 70% of KPIs available 8.6.1Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the TBM is covering from 50% to 70% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





Between 71% and 95% of KPIs available 8.6.2Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the TBM is covering from 71% to 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





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More than 95% of KPIs available 8.6.3Description: Implementation of KPIs according to Part 4 Specification of KPIs for the TBM is covering more than 95% of all those that could potentially be implemented in the BACS. Target: Better coverage will result in better potential to find malfunctioning of the BACS, misbehaviour by the occupants or the operating staff, or potential improvements to achieve better energy efficiency. Inspector checks:





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9 EUBAC Extended Functionality Due to the nature of EN 15232 – the fact that it is a calculation standard - some functionality related to energy efficiency and energy use optimization cannot be included. The basic criterion for a function to be included in EN 15232 is that there must be a standardized way to model it in the simulation work that is the background of the standard. An example is the window contact that is mentioned in an appendix of EN 15232. The resulting effect on energy use of window contacts in a building is obviously very much depending on the habits of the occupants to open the windows. Since there is no other standard that has set up behaviour pattern for the opening of windows for calculation purposes, the function cannot be included. Never-the-less EUBAC has listed a number of useful energy saving functions that will impact the use of energy in the building and which will make a difference for the performance of the building.

Table 10 — EUBAC Extended functionality list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes


Non residential

D C B A

9 EUBAC Extended Functionality

9.1 Window open detection

9.1.0 Not implemented

9.1.1 Implemented

9.2 EasySwitch to economy / protection mode


9.2.1 Implemented

9.3 On Site Renewable / Heat/Cold Storage

9.3.0 No on site renewable

9.3.1 On site renewable but no heat/cold storage strategies

9.3.2 On site renewable with heat/cold storage strategies

9.4 Grey water heat recovery


9.4.1 Implemented

9.5 Sub-metering Electricity


9.5.1 Sub-metering less than 50% of incoming electricity

9.5.2 Sub-metering between 50% and 90% of relevant electric loads

9.6 Sub-metering Heating/Cooling


9.6.1 Sub-metering less than 50% of relevant heating/cooling loads

9.6.2 Sub-metering between 50% and 90% of relevant heating/cooling loads

9.7 Weather Forecast Data


9.7.1 Implemented

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9.1 Window open detection

No window open detection 9.1.0Description: In a building with windows that can be opened there is no detection if they are open or closed, to be used to switch to a more energy saving mode.

Window open detection 9.1.1Description: In a building with windows that can be opened there is detection if they are open or closed which is used to switch to a more energy saving mode such as economy or protection mode instantaneously. Target: To improve EP by switching from comfort mode to other more energy saving modes of operation. Different operating modes: comfort, economy, off. Inputs: Window contact or other detection mechanism. Additional equipment: Window contact or other detection mechanism. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o Physical presence of window contact or other detection mechanism.

• Functional test: o Force Heat or Cool or AirQuality Demand (modify Setpoints to value below current

value, or override Demand value). Actuators should react on demand (e.g. open valve, switch on fan etc..)

o Open window Check (after time delay) that actuators act towards less emission (e.g. valve

close)

9.2 EasySwitch to economy / protection mode

No EasySwitch to economy / protection mode 9.2.0Description: The space has no EasySwitch to instantaneously turn off lights heating/cooling and air conditioning off.

EasySwitch to economy / protection mode 9.2.1Description: Functionality to make it easy for end users or operating staff to put large areas of the building into economy or protection mode instantaneously when there is no need for comfort any more, e.g. when the last person is leaving an open space office. Target: To speed up the transition from comfort mode to other more energy saving modes of operation. Inspector checks: Existence and equipment evaluation

o Physical presence of EasySwitch(es) for larger areas, such as the floors or the complete building.

o Communication/connection of Easy switch to all controls • Functional test:

o Force for some rooms/zones (or observe rooms/zones with demand) heat, cool or air quality demand (modify setpoints to value below current value, or override demand value). Actuators should react on demand (e.g. open valve, switch on fan etc.)

o Switch off area/building Check (after time delay) that actuators act towards less emission (e.g. valve

close) Check supply plants

• Actuators should also move towards no supply (ensure that no protection conditions are active (e.g. frost).

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9.3 On site renewable

No renewable on site 9.3.0Description: No renewable energy measures have been implemented on site.

On site renewable with no control strategies for heat / cold storage 9.3.1Description: Renewable energy (including grey water) measures and use of low grade heat and cooling have been implemented on site integrated with the BACS to minimize the use of externally supplied energy. Renewable energy is used always if availability is independent from other heating sources. Target: Saving (CO2 relevant) energy by using when available internally (on site) generated energy (CO2 neutral) such as solar panels. Different operating modes: Energy produced can be not utilised, can be utilised, or there is over-production. Inputs: .enabling conditions for heat/cool gain, temperature at heat/cool exchanger interface within the system. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of renewable energy source.

• Functional test: o Force renewable energy generator to active (e.g. manipulate sensors, or override

active signal) Check if generated energy is influencing the system temperature (e.g. check

flow temp, or temperature at heat/cool exchange)

On site renewable with control strategies for heat / cold storage 9.3.2Description: Renewable energy (including grey water) measures and use of low grade heat and cooling including means for storage of heat / cold have been implemented on site integrated with the BACS to minimize the use of externally supplied energy. Heat and/or cold may be stored (buffered) using different technical solutions to be used at a different point in time, e.g. creating ice storage during the night, to be used for cooling during the day. Target: The general idea is to use free energy, or less energy to achieve the required comfort with less total use of supplied energy, e.g. using excess solar energy to buffer for later use. Different operating modes: Energy produced can be not utilised, can be utilised, or there is over-production. Variants: Generation optimization towards costs/CO2 footprint where renewable generator is only enabled if optimization condition is fulfilled. Inputs: Enabling conditions for heat/cool gain, temperature at heat/cool exchanger interface within the system . Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical presence of renewable energy source.

• Functional test: o Force renewable Energy generator to active (e.g. manipulate sensors, or override

active signal) Check if generated energy is influencing the buffer temperature (e.g. check

lower buffer temperature at heat/cool exchanger) o Manipulate Storage Sensor to high/low value (so that no heat/cool gain could be

brought from the Renewable generator). Check that Renewable Generator stops

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9.4 Grey water heat recovery Relevant definitions Potable water: Drinking quality water that is taken from a connection to the main water supply to the building, which may be from the public water supply or from a private supply such as from groundwater via a borehole. Greywater recycling: The appropriate collection, treatment and storage of used shower, bath and tap water for use instead of potable water in WC flushing. Rainwater recycling: The appropriate collection and storage of rain from hard outdoor surfaces for use instead of potable water in WC flushing. Heat reclamation: Devices are currently available that capture heat from residential and industrial grey water, through a process called drainwater heat recovery, grey water heat recovery, or hot water heat recycling. Rather than flowing directly into a water heating device, incoming cold water flows first through a heat exchanger where it is pre-warmed by heat from grey water flowing out from such activities as dishwashing, or showering. Typical household devices receiving grey water from a shower can recover up to 60% of the heat that would otherwise go to waste. In the context of energy efficiency recovery of heat from grey water is considered a valuable function that is included in the EUBAC Extended Functionality.

No Grey water heat recovery implemented 9.4.0Description: No grey water heat recovery has been implemented.

Grey water heat recovery implemented 9.4.1Description: To ensure heat from grey water is not wasted heat exchangers are used to recover as much as possible from the grey water produced in the building. Target: To minimize the need for other heating by other sources recovery of heat from grey water is useful, e.g. to preheat incoming cold water before it is heated to become hot water. Inputs: Temperatures before and after the heat exchanger(s). Inspector checks:

Existence and equipment evaluation: o The presence of heat exchanger(s) to recover heat from greywater.

• Functional test: o Force renewable energy generator to active (e.g. manipulate sensors, or override

active signal) Check if generated energy is influencing the system temperature (e.g. check

flow temp, or temperature at heat/cool exchange)

9.5 Sub-metering Electricity To provide accurate energy-use information is essential to support energy management and identify opportunities for additional energy-saving improvements. Metering must be continuous and data logged to allow for an analysis of time trends. Utility-Level Metering Metering of electricity is done for billing purposes by the electric utility and for follow-up, investigations, and/or sub-billing of tenants for specific areas, types of use, or specific equipment. It is important to have energy meters that measure all energy use throughout the performance period of all buildings to be certified. Each building’s energy performance must be based on actual metered energy consumption. Sub-metering Sub-metering facilitates monitoring and diagnosis of energy consumption in much more detail than utility-level metering. Separate accessible energy sub-meters, labelled with the end energy consuming use, may be provided for the following systems (where present):

a. Space Heating

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b. Domestic Hot Water c. Humidification d. Cooling e. Fans (major) f. Lighting g. Small Power h. Other major energy-consuming items where appropriate

As an alternative, or as a complement, sub-metering of different areas/spaces of a building may be very useful, e.g. each floor or each wing of a hotel, or each rented space of a shopping mall.

No electricity sub-metering implemented 9.5.0Description: No electricity sub-metering has been implemented.

Sub-metering that fulfils the local minimum legal or code requirements- if 9.5.1these are less demanding than 9.5.2 or 9.5.3

Description: Sub-metering is implemented according to the local regulation or code requirements, and is less demanding than in 9.5.2 or 9.5.3 functions.

Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually but not covering 9.5.290% of each supply by end-use

Description: Sub-metering is covering less than 90% of each supply by end-use. Meters are equipped with communication allowing the energy sub-metered to be reported to a BMS. Inspector Checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical existence of sub meters o Physical position of sub meters within distribution network (could give indication how

much percentage could be covered) • Functional test:

o Select 3 out of 5 biggest electrical consumer o Force switching on these biggest consumer

Check if meter is counting o If historical data & total consumption available

Check if total amount of energy in all sub meters are between 0 and 90% of the incoming energy of the whole building in the same time period

Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually and covering 9.5.390% of each supply by end-use

Description: Sub-metering is implemented and more than 90% of each supply by end-use is sub-metered. Meters are equipped with communication allowing the energy sub-metered to be reported to a BMS. Inspector Checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical existence of sub meters o Physical position of sub meters within distribution network (could give indication how


o Select 5 out of 5 biggest electrical consumer o Force switching on these biggest consumer

Check if meter is counting o If historical data & total consumption available

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Check if total amount of energy in all sub meters is more than 90% of the incoming energy of the whole building in the same time period

9.6 Sub-metering Heating/Cooling Utility-level Metering To provide accurate energy-use information is essential to support energy management and identify opportunities for additional energy-saving improvements. Metering must be continuous and data logged to allow for an analysis of time trends. It is important to have energy meters that measure all energy use throughout the performance period of all buildings to be certified. Each building’s energy performance must be based on actual metered energy consumption. Sub-metering Sub-metering facilitates monitoring and diagnosis of energy consumption in much more detail than utility-level metering. Separate accessible energy sub-meters, labelled with the end energy consuming use, may be provided to record use of heating/cooling of sections of the building. The sections may be based on type of use, e.g. floors, radiators, chilled beams etc., based on space, e.g. each floor, each shop, each tenant, etc., or a combination of both.

No heating/cooling sub-metering 9.6.0Description: No heating/cooling sub-metering has been implemented.

Sub-metering that fulfils the local minimum legal or code requirements, if 9.6.1these are less demanding than 9.6.2 or 9.6.3

Description: Sub-metering is implemented according to the local regulation or code requirements, and is less demanding than in 9.6.2 or 9.6.3 functions.

Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually but not covering 9.6.290% of each supply by end-use

Description: Heat / cool meters are used to record use of heating/cooling of sections of the building, but the total of the sub-metering is less than 90% of the utility-level metering. Meters are equipped with communication allowing the energy sub-metered to be reported to a BMS. Target: Sub-metering is necessary to be able to make detailed analysis of energy misuse, and for verification of saving measures. Inspector Checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical existence of sub meter(s) o Physical position of sub meters within distribution network (could give indication how


o Do tests separately for cooling and heating o Select 3 out of 5 biggest heating/cooling consumer o Force switching on these biggest cooling/heating consumer

Check if meter is counting o If historical data & total consumption available (could be even calculated out of energy

content of energy source (e.g. oil, gas) Check if total amount of energy in all sub meters is more than 90% of the

incoming or produced energy of the whole building in the same time period

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Sub-metering (with communication) all tenants individually and covering 9.6.390% of each supply by end-use

Description: Heat meters are used to record use of heating/cooling of sections of the building, and the total of the sub-metering is more than 90% of the utility-level metering. Meters are equipped with communication allowing the energy sub-metered to be reported to a BMS. Target: Sub-metering is necessary to be able to make detailed analysis of energy misuse, and for verification of saving measures. Inspector Checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: o Physical existence of sub meter(s) o Physical position of sub meter within distribution network (could give indication how


o Do tests separately for Cooling and heating o Select 5 out of 5 biggest heating/cooling consumer o Force switching on these biggest Cooling/heating consumer

Check if meter is counting o If historical data & total consumption available (could be even calculated out of energy

content of energy source (e.g. oil, gas) Check if total amount of energy in all sub meters is between 0 and 90% of

the incoming or produced Energy of the whole building in the same time period

9.7 Weather Forecast Data

No weather forecast data implemented 9.7.0Description: Weather forecast data is not used.

Weather forecast data implemented 9.7.1Description: Weather forecast information for the area where the building is located is used to precondition the building to be able to handle the conditions that may occur later in the day. E.g. free cooling (night purge, enthalpy control) of the building to minimize the mid-day/ afternoon cooling demand. Target: Preconditioning the building in general is done to minimize the peaks during the day thereby saving total supplied energy. Reliable weather forecast data will improve the likelihood of doing the right actions compared to other prediction algorithms, such as ‘the weather tomorrow will be like it was today’. Could even consider use of degree day and weather data which goes back many years, 10+ years, this could be used for longer prediction rather than just tomorrow. Inspector Checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation: Communication to weather data service

• Functional test: o Change weather data service to other location with totally different forecast than

current condition (e.g. Alaska, Sahara) Check that related setpoint in BACS should change

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10 EUBAC Certified Products EUBAC provides certification of products that are used in Building Automation and Control Systems. These products are guaranteed to provide good control functionality according to the relevant product standards, thus minimizing the use of energy in the building.

Table 11 — EUBAC Extended functionality list and assignment to BAC efficiency classes


Non residential

D C B A

10 EUBAC Extended Functionality 10.1 Certified Products Rooms

10.1.0 No use of certified products

10.1.1 Use of certified products wherever possible

10.2 Certified Products AHUs



10.3 Certified Products Heating



10.4 Certified Products Cooling



10.5 Certified Products DHW



10.1 Certified Products Rooms

No use of certified products 10.1.0Description: No certified products used.

Use of certified products wherever possible 10.1.1Description: Certified products are tested to fulfil the requirements of appropriate European Norms, and thereby are ascertained to be energy efficient. Use of such products should be encouraged as opposed to the use of products with unknown performance. Target: By using products that are certified good energy performance is ensured, in particular if products that have tested with excellent results are used. Inspector checks:

• Existence and equipment evaluation o All control units used in the room environment are EUBAC certified – provided that

such certified products exist for the applications at hand. • Functional test:

o N/A EUBAC certified products needs not to be tested.

10.2 Certified Products AHUs


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• Existence and equipment evaluation o All control units used in the AHU plant(s) are EUBAC certified – provided that such

certified products exist for the applications at hand. • Functional test:


10.3 Certified Products Heating



• Existence and equipment evaluation o All control units used in the heating plant(s) are EUBAC certified – provided that such

certified products exist for the applications at hand. • Functional test


10.4 Certified Products Cooling



• Existence and equipment evaluation o All control units used in the cooling plant(s) are EUBAC certified – provided that such

certified products exist for the applications at hand. • Functional test:


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10.5 Certified Products DHW



• Existence and equipment evaluation o That all control units used in the DHW plant(s) are EUBAC certified – provided that

such certified products exist for the applications at hand. • Functional test:


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