euromech 583 vawt 2016

Blackbird: Storage Base Anchored Uniaxial Hybrid VAWT-WEC TL BuoyEuromech VAWT Colloquium - 8th September 2016 - TU Delft

Dr. C. R. Golightly GO-ELS Ltd. – BLACKBIRD: Euromech VAWT 2016 – TU Delft - 9th September 2016

Dr. Chris Golightly GO-ELS Ltd.Geotechnical & Engineering Geology

Consultant

Source: Univ. Mass. 1974

Source: WINDFLOAT Website

Source: Statoil GOW 2014

IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report

AR5 SYR SPM

LCOE Renewables Ranges and Averages [IRENA, 2015]


LCOE Ranges [Bloomberg NEF, 2013] USD/MWhr

Dr. C. R. Golightly GO-ELS Ltd. – BLACKBIRD: Euromech VAWT 2016 – TU Delft - 9 th September 2016

European Offshore Wind Costs [Carbon Trust, 2015]


Offshore Wind Cost Trends – Need for Reductions• Cost increases since 2005 due

to commodity price rises (mainly steel) and marine installation costs

• Monopile costs per kW flat-lining from 1991 to 2008

• Deeper waters, further out to sea:- heavier and longer over-designed monopiles & jacket towers- more extensive and expensive equipment and vessel spreads- higher downtime and weather standby costs

• Insistence on “known technology” leading to lack of innovation, conservatism, risk aversion on the part of developers and lenders.

• Lack of experience in developer organisations; skills shortage.


Source: van der Zwaan et al, 2011

Source: The Offshore Valuation, 2010

Building the European Offshore Transnational European Grid• More predictable

energy output needed• Connections to more

than one country• Power trading

between countries• Viable alternative to

onshore grid construction

• Connection to other energy sources

• Economical grid utilisation via shared use

• Greater energy security

• Interconnection capacity means “firmer“ power

• Single European electricity marketDr. C. R. Golightly GO-ELS Ltd. – BLACKBIRD: Euromech VAWT 2016 – TU Delft - 9th September 2016

Offshore Floating Wind – Huge Potential Resource UK Example


Source: The Offshore Valuation, 2010.

Floating Wind – Huge Potential Offshore Wind Resource

Majority of OW developments have been in the Southern North Sea, a relatively flat shallow water continental shelf, mainly dense sand, stiff glacial clayey soils & soft sediment filled paleo-valleys. Not globally representative. Most coastal areas are steep, rocky, with thin (< 5 to 10 m) soil cover. Piling is costly for fixed or floating structures. Soils insufficient for drag or suction caisson anchoring.


Source: Statoil Global Offshore Wind 2014

Global Wave Energy Potential – Fugro OMAE 2010


European Wind-Wave Combined Potential – ORECCA 2011


Comparison Oil Drilling Semi-Sub Vs Offshore Wind Floater


The Future: Offshore Floating Wind Leaders

HYWIND Statoil [NO] statoil.com/en/TechnologyInnovationPELASTAR Glosten [US] pelastar.comWINDFLOAT Principle Power [PO/US] www.principlepowerinc.com/products/windfloat.htmlIDEOL IDEOL Partners [FR] ideol-offshore.com/enWINFLO DCNS-Alstom [FR] fr.dcnsgroup.com/produit/eoliennes-flottantes/INFLOW EDF-IFP-Nenuphar [FR] inflow-fp7.eu/floating-vertical-axis-wind-turbine/GICON GICON-Fraunhofer [DE] gicon-sof.de/en/sof1.html FUKUSHIMA Mitsubishi-Hitachi [JA] fukushima-forward.jp/english/DEEPCWIND 30 diverse members [US]

composites.umaine.edu/our-research/offshore-wind/deepcwind-consortium/SANDIA Sandia Labs [US] energy.sandia.gov/energy/renewable-energy/wind-power/offshore-

wind Dr. C. R. Golightly GO-ELS Ltd. – BLACKBIRD: Euromech VAWT 2016 – TU Delft - 9th September 2016

Source: Myhr et al, 2014.

Floating Wind Platforms – Semi-Sub - Spar - TLP - Taut Buoy


Vertical Axis Wind Turbines [VAWT]– Pros and ConsADVANTAGESo Omni-directional

- accepts wind from any directiono Components mounted at sea

level- ease of service & maintenance- lighter weight composite structures

o Can theoretically use less materials to capture the same amount of wind

DISADVANTAGESo Rotors lower at reduced wind

speedso Centrifugal force over-stresses

bladeso Poor self-starting capabilitieso Often requires support at turbine

rotor topo Rotor needs removing for

bearings replacemento To date, poorer performance &

reliability than HAWTs


BLACKBIRD: Storage Base Anchored Uniaxial Hybrid VAWT-WEC TL Buoy


BLACKBIRD: Hybrid Floating Offshore Wind Turbine [FOWT] Wave Energy Convertor [WEC]. Grouping of existing designs & concepts:

Twin bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine [VAWT] VAWT &WEC generators with anti-yaw horizontal rotating

bearing High buoyancy Uniaxial Submerged Tension Leg Buoy

[USTLB] Tubular Linear Magnetic-Geared Interior Permanent

Magnet Generator [LMGIPMG] WEC Power Take Off [PTO] units integrated into float unit. Single vertical high capacity damped tether/tendon. Subsea ball & taper “plug-in” seabed connector Subsea FRP “green” concrete storage, pumping &

electrolysis unit. Seabed rock Anchored Foundation Template [SAFT] Export HVDC power line above gas supply pipeline.

WEC - Linear PM Generator [LMGIPM]


Linear generation offers possibility of direct conversion of mechanical into electrical energy.

Direct drive PTO simpler than hydraulic systems, with no intermediate steps between primary interface & electrical machine.

“The basic concept of a linear generator consists of a translator with magnets of alternating polarity directly coupled to a heaving buoy”

Stator contains windings mounted in a relatively stationary structure connected to a drag plate, a large inertia, or the sea bed. As the heaving buoy oscillates, current is induced in the stator”.

Conventional linear permanent magnet generators (CLPMG) for direct-drive WEC have experienced drawbacks including low power density and large system volume.

Seabed Anchored Foundation Template [SAFT]

Buoyant float-out hybrid structure concept Foundation base or mooring point template. GRP /reinforced concrete base configured to

support tripods, jackets or GBS or: Pre-installed templates for inclined or vertical

(TLP)taut or slack catenary mooring lines Steel /concrete edge skirts and suction

caissons [SC] , or helical screws for differing soil types/thicknesses

Tension resistance via pressure grouted rock anchors installed below upper support casing.

Installed from an ROV operated marinised drilling unit via vessel launched LARS.

External GRP, concrete or steel mudmats and/or integral plastic anti-scour frond mats/mattresses.

Configuration has considerable lateral seabed resistance and tension uplift capacity.

Design preceded by high quality shallow geophysical investigation of seabed surface and upper layering

Confirmatory “pilot hole soil/rock coring by same ROV drilling unit used to install the anchors.

Proof-loading of 5-10% to twice working load.Dr. C. R. Golightly GO-ELS Ltd. – BLACKBIRD: Euromech VAWT 2016 – TU Delft - 9th September 2016

www.bladeoffshore.com/our-company/blade-offshore-remote-drilling#gallery[as]/2/

Closing Thoughts – Future of Offshore Wind Energy

Aim: Most Efficient Abstraction of Kinetic Energy From Moving Turbulent Air [OFFSHORE WIND]How Would That Be Done in 2016 From A Standing Start?

Fixed Structure Top Heavy 3 Bladed Onshore HAWT on Fixed Steel Towers?>> No!! Too Expensive and Subsidy Dependent

What Will The Global Mix Be Between Fixed Vs Floating?>> Deeper Waters/Sloping Seabeds >> FLOATING VAWT

Will There be a Real Offshore Wind “Gamechanger” - or not? Yes there must be soon.>> [$$$ ECONOMICS $$$]


References & Links References Borg, M., Collu, M. and Brennan, F.: Use of a Wave Energy Converter as a Motion Suppress Device for

Floating Wind Turbines, Energy Procedia 35 (2013) 223 – 233, DeepWind 2013, 24-25 January, Trondheim, Norway, 2013.

Carbon Trust: Innovation in Offshore Wind: International Collaboration and Coordination”, All Energy 2015, Glasgow, UK, p. 32, 2015.

DNV-KEMA: The Crown Estate – UK Market Potential and Technology Assessment for Floating Offshore Wind Power; An Assessment of the Commercialisation Potential of the Floating Offshore Wind Industry, Rev. 01, 21st December 2012, Ref. 2012-1808, p.24, 2012.

Golightly, C.R.: Efficient Anchored Template Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines [OWT], EWEA 2013

Myhr, A. and Nygard, T.A.: Experimental Results for Tension-Leg-Buoy Offshore Wind Turbine Platforms, Journal of Ocean and Wind Energy, ISOPE, 1, 4, November 2014, pp. 217–224, 2014.

Paulsen, U.S., Borg, M., Madsen, H. A., T.F. Pedersen, Hattel, J., Ritchie, E., Ferreira C.S., Svendsen H., Berthelsen P. A., Smadja, C.: Outcomes of the DeepWind Conceptual Design”, Energy Procedia 80, pp. 329 – 341, 2015.

SI Ocean: Wave and Tidal Energy Strategic Technology Agenda, February 2014, p. 44, 2014 Slocum, A. H., Fennell, G.E. and Dundar, G.: Ocean Renewable Energy Storage (ORES) System:

Analysis of an Undersea Energy Storage Concept, Proc. IEEE, 101(4): pp. 906–924, 2011. White, C.N., Erb, P.R. and Botros, F.R.: The Single-Leg Tension-Leg Platform: A Cost-Effective Evolution

of the TLP Concept”, Proc. 20th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, 2nd -5th May 1988, Vol. 1, p.8, 1988.

Links Global Wind Energy Council Country & Global Reports [www.gwec.net/publications/country-reports ORECCA: European Offshore Renewable Energy Roadmap, p. 101, 2011. IRENA Costs Database [irena.org/costs] USA Offshore Wind Database [offshorewind.net] 4C Offshore Wind Database [4coffshore.com]


Contact Details

Dr. C.R. Golightly, BSc, MSc, PhD, MICE, FGS.Geotechnical and Engineering Geology ConsultantRue Marc Brison 10G, 1300 Limal, BelgiumTel. +32 10 41 95 25Mobile: +44 755 4612888Email: [email protected]: chrisgolightly;Linked In: www.linkedin.com/pub/5/4b5/469

“You Pay for a Site Investigation - Whether You do One or Not”– Cole et al, 1991.

“Ignore The Geology at Your Peril” – Prof. John Burland, Imperial College.Dr. C. R. Golightly GO-ELS Ltd. – BLACKBIRD: Euromech VAWT 2016 – TU Delft - 9 th September 2016

http://www.linkedin.com/pub/5/4b5/469

euromech 583 vawt 2016

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