Europe and the Colonization of America:

• What terms do I need to know? (Define before proceeding)– slave

– middleman

– immunity

– expedition

– colony

– mission

– plantation

– backcountry

Europe and the Colonization of America

Set up your Notebook for Cornell Notes!!!!

EQ: See board

By the late Mississippian Period…

• The Spanish had arrived in the Americas

• Over 100 years of the 1500s, three groups of people became part of the Americas

What three groups are we talking about?

(see Cornell notes; Mississippian culture)

3Groups

• Native American Indians, Europeans, and

Africans

All of these groups of people had different cultures; different ways of living!! Give me some examples of what could have been different…(Think about diversity/cultures; aspects that may contribute to change)

Differences…

Different ways of :

1. living in their environment

2. Organizing their societies

3. Different religious beliefs

4. Ideas about men, women, and families

5. Foods, dress

6. Different ways of looking at life

This is when change takes place!!

From 1100 to 1400 A.D. (3 centuries) the changes that took place in Western Europe led to the countries of Western Europe to seek out the Americas!!!

What changes?

• Christian Europeans began holy wars “Crusades” to take lands that were holy to them (ex: Jerusalem) which sparked change in the Middle East and Europe

• There was a greater desire for trade with Asia

• Other changes, and more, pushed the Europeans to explore a continent that they never knew existed!! (North America)

Turn to your neighbor and ask:

So, what two worlds were going to meet for the first time?

The meeting of …

The “Old World” and

the “New World”

European Exploration and ConquestGroup Assignment #1

By the 1400s, Europeans began to explore and later conquer other lands.

• What did the Europeans want?

1.

2.

3.

4.

By the 1400s, Europeans began to explore and later conquer other lands because…

• Europeans wanted: Wealth (more riches)Greater/bigger empiresPowerTo spread their religion (across the world)

Better known as the 3’s--God, Gold, and

Glory

Group Activity #2:Match the reasons for European exploration

to the appropriate “G” (3G’s)

“God, Gold, and Glory”

Wealth (more riches)Greater/bigger empiresPowerTo spread their religion (across the world)

Group Assignment: #3• In your Cornell note question section, write

the question and highlight the the answer in your previous notes. (p. 173) Cite evidence to support your answer. (According to, for example, based on the fact that,…)

1. What was one way for the European nations to

gain wealth and build their empire?

2. Other than the 3 G’s, what was the Europeans

main interest?

Answers:

1. Increase their trade with both Asia and

Africa

2. The Europeans main interest: trade with Asia (including:India, China, and the West Indies)

A Search For New Trade Routes

• In the early 1400’s: Portuguese explored the West African

coast and began trading along the African coast

What were they trading? Slaves Slavery had already existed in the West

African society. Africans did not know that they were not selling slaves into the type of slavery they had known.

Describe the Slavery…

• Slavery after the discovery of Americas was different, harsher and more permanent than in West African society.

• The slave trade had impact on African societies.

(Before, slavery was not permanent)

A Search for New Trade Route Vocabulary

• Define the vocabulary words listed below. Add these words to the previous words. The terms are your T.O.D. (Frayer Model)

MonarchTreaty of Tordesillas• Homework: Review Cornell Notes/Make at

least 2-3 questions per section. Questions should be specific! (Write this in your agenda!!!) Finish Vocabulary

A Search for New Trade Routes In 1488, (a few years before Christopher

Columbus set sail) the first Portuguese expedition discovered the water route to Asia.

The Spanish, French, and English also wanted to trade with Asia.

By the late 1400’s, trade led to the growth of towns and a merchant class. (Merchants were the middlemen who bought and sold goods for a profit that others produced)

• As a result of this growth, Europeans developed into stronger nations with central governments ruled by monarchs

Assignment #4 (w/Group)• Use a Flow Chart to describe the interaction between the

monarchs and merchants. (See page 174 of your textbook)

European countriesdeveloped into stronger nations

With central governmentsruled by monarchs

MonarchsCould afford to…

?

Monarchs received

Support from who? And why?

What was formed? Why?

As a Result…

Additionally... And…

What was formed?Armies/navies

were formed to protecttheir merchants.

European countriesdeveloped into stronger nations

With central governmentsruled by monarchs

MonarchsCould afford to…Finance voyages (they too wanted

To increase their own Territories and power

Monarchs receivedsupport

from merchantswho wanted

to increase trade

As a Result…

Additionally... And…

Flow Chart Key

A Search for New Trade Routes

• Sailing around the tip of Africa to India to discover the water route to Asia required sailing the Atlantic Ocean. Sailing Atlantic Ocean required strong ships:

• Caravels (strong-masted ships) were developed.• A compass helped to tell direction.• The astrolabe determined ship’s position by

taking altitude of the sun and the stars (made it possible to sail out of the sight of land).

Activity #5 (w/partner)• Read the informational text regarding

Navigation Methods. Use the following codes below to mark the text as you read.

+ =New information to me (I learned something new)=I knew this already? =I have questions about thisP =I’m having Problems understanding(Read it individually first/code…then discuss

your coding with partner)

The Meeting of Different Worlds

• While the Portuguese were exploring the eastern Atlantic Ocean, Christopher Columbus set sail for the west.

THE 1492 VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS!!!

Because of the voyage of Columbus, the

Spanish were the 1st Europeans to explore

and conquer lands in the Americas!!!

The Meeting of Different Worlds

Portuguese exploring the Atlantic Ocean

Spanish exploring/

conquering in the Americas

Because they both were exploring, the two countries agreed to divide all the “newly discovered’ land between Spain and Portugal. They agreed via a treaty: The TREATY of TORDESILLAS

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS(1493-1494)

• The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon by the Spanish and the Portuguese to clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the New World. It divided up the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Spain controlled: Portugal controlled:South America BrazilCaribbean IslandsMexicoCentral AmericaNorth America

The Meeting of Different WorldsSo, what were the effects of the Spanish contact with the people of the Americas?

• Animals and plants crossed the ocean.• New varieties of foods were introduced.• Microscopic germs and viruses were transferred (90%

or more of native people died – largest population loss in written history). The worst diseases transferred from the Europeans: measles, smallpox, and influenza

• Other effects of Spanish (and later other Europeans) contact with Native Americans centered around customs and property.

Ask Your Neighbor!!!

Why did so many Native Americans die from small

pox, influenza, and measles?

The Meeting of Different WorldsWhy did so many Native Americans die from the

diseases?

• For thousand of years Europeans lived with animals that caused diseases and therefore built up immunities which gave them the ability to fight off the diseases.

BUT The Native Americans had not been exposed to such diseases and therefore could not fight off the diseases brought to the America (they did not have immunities)

*The Meeting of Different Worlds*Assignment #6

Arguing the Point!!!Should student have shots (immunizations) before starting school? Read the article. Cite

evidence from the article to support your response. State your stanceList 2-3 reasons to support your stanceSupport your reasons with information from the

articleFollow rubricBe ready to discuss/debate!!!!

The Early Spanish Exploration of Georgia

• The earliest Spanish explorations in North America (searching for gold and silver) took place over 20 years after 1st voyage of Columbus…

First major exploration of Georgia area was with Hernando de Soto: (left Florida and entered GA in March 1540) • No gold or silver was found in Georgia.• Almost 300 years passed before any gold was

found in the mountains of North Georgia.

The Early Spanish Exploration of Georgia

De Soto explored the south east of the North

American continent:Landed in Florida, May 25, 1539Entered Georgia March 1540South/North CarolinaTennesseeAlabama

The Early Spanish Exploration of Georgia

As De Soto and his men explored the

Southeast they: killed many Native Americans as they

searched for goldCaptured and enslaved Native Americans

to be used as interpreters for de Soto’s army

The Early Spanish Exploration of Georgia

But wait…the Spanish were not the only

Europeans to explore and settle colonies in

North America in the 1500s. Who else? The French; tried to create a colony in South

Carolina in 1562…but failed!!!The Spanish had not founded colonies in South

Carolina yet either…but didn’t want the French there!!! So…they sent Pedro Menendez de Aviles to destroy the French colony.

Pedro Menendez de Aviles

Established 1st permanent Spanish settlement in America (St. Augustine) in 1565.

Where is St. Augustine?

Ask your neighbor…

Where is St. Augustine?

Spanish Missions in GeorgiaIn 1560, the Spanish set up missions:

•Each mission had a church and house for the Catholic priest.•The priests came to convert Indians to Christian religion (as practiced by Catholics) and teach them Spanish customs.•The mission era began to decline (middle & late 1600s) in part because of decrease in Indian population due to diseases brought by the explorers.

Note: Georgia under Spanish rule was known as Guale (pronounced Wah-lee).

French Exploration and Colonization

The French and the Spanish are rivals during the

1500s and the 1600s

(Spain was getting wealthy from its empire and the French wanted a piece of the action!!!)

So….

The French sent explorers to acquire land and wealth in the Americas. As a result…

What was the results of the French explorers? (What did they settle, etc?)

As a result (of the French exploration)…•Canada and Great Lakes area claimed (by the French)

•1st permanent French settlement (Quebec on St. Lawrence River – 1608), followed by Montreal (1642)

•late 1600s, French had founded Biloxi (now in Mississippi) and Mobile (now in Alabama)

•city of New Orleans established (1718)

•The French didn’t find gold but established a profitable fur-trading business exchanged with Native Americans

English Exploration and Colonization

• England became more prosperous and stable with Elizabeth I as queen (1558):– A larger navy was built; permission to found

colonies was given.– Sir Walter Raleigh, a favorite noble of the

Queen,(1580s) tried to establish two colonies:

What is now North Carolina

The Lost Colony (disappeared)

• England established first permanent colony in America (Jamestown, Virginia – 1607).

CarolinaIn 1660’s, English gave Englishmen a

large land grant:

• The grant boundary extended from Virginia in the north, to Florida in the south. See map on page 181

• All of this area was named “Carolina”

Carolina1670’s- Charles Town (a settlement where two

rivers came together) was founded

• Settlers moved to this portion of Carolina-now South Carolina

• Settlers: established plantations, grew sugar, brought slaves for work, allied with Indians in the area and raided Indian villages in Spanish Florida

• Traders moved into the backcountry of South Carolina; a fur trade was established between traders and Indians that lived in Carolina south of the Savannah River

Carolina• The traders integrated with Indians in

family life; Native American Culture began to change.

Assignment # 7:

The English contact began to change

Native American culture. How? P.181

Answer:•The Indians began to use English tools and fight and hunt with English made guns. They eventually became dependent on these items.

CarolinaOther Important dates:

• Late 1680’s: Westo Indians driven from Carolina and Georgia area with help from Savannah Indians

Assignment #8 Carolina Dates

What happened on the following dates:

1692, 1700s, 1715, 1720s

Answer:• 1692- Carolinians established a trading post

called Savannah Town• 1700s- Savannah Indians moved from the area;

Native Americans included mainly Creek and Cherokee

• 1715- Yamassee Indians attacked settlements to the south of Charles Town; (defeated/ most of them werekilled)

• 1720- Native Americans familiar with English and their ways

The Early Spanish Exploration of Georgia

Assignment (w/partner)

The writing of De Soto’s men described

the Indian villages along the rivers

of Georgia as they traveled west to

east. (See informational text)

-Read/Document how De Soto’s men described the Indian villages

Skip, Havent done this assignment yet

Spanish, English, and French ExplorationAssignment #9

You are to get into the previous group:

1.Create a Tree Map that includes each country:(Spain)Spanish, (England) English, and (France)French. Under each, give goals (the reason) for exploration and their key explorers

Trustee Period: Georgia’s Founding

• By the early 1700s, Great Britain had twelve colonies in North America – all located along the East Coast:

– oldest colony, Virginia (over 120 years old)– youngest colony, Pennsylvania (est. 1681)

• 1729: Carolina and Charles Town became royal colonies under control of the king.

• By the late 1720s, no one had settled the part of South Carolina south of the Savannah River, which was the dividing line between the Carolinians and the Indian nations.

Reasons for Settling Georgia• James Oglethorpe and his associates

asked King George II for a land grant for founding the colony:– would be a charitable effort for poor and

persecuted to have a new start– would be a good military defense– would be good for economics (expanding

government’s policy of mercantilism – favorable balance of trade)

The Charter of 1732To establish the colony, Oglethorpe and his

associates received the Charter of 1732:– The men were named “Trustees for the

Establishing of the Colony of Georgia in America.”

– The document granted territory to the trustees; set up rules under which trust would work.

– Sir John Percival was the first president of the trust.

– The charter required an executive committee (the Common Council).

Charter of 1732– The trustees were unable to get land or money for

serving on the trust.

– The motto was “Non Sibi Sed Aliis,” Latin for “not for self, but for others” (found also on the colonial seal of the State of Georgia).

– The name of colony was to be “Georgia” in honor of King George II.

– The trust would have colony for 21 years (until 1753).

– Trustees used mainly regulations and policies to govern the colony. Example: “charity” colonists could receive 50 acres of land; however, “adventurers” paying their own way could get up to 500 acres of land.

Choosing the Colonists• Regulations for trustees to establish colony:

– The passage of some to the new colony were paid for.– A male charity colonist was to receive 50 acres of

land, tools, food, other necessities from trust’s store.– A male citizens could be put in the militia.– Women were not allowed to inherit the land; males

serving as soldiers were needed on every 50 acres.– The colonists were required to plant some of their land

in mulberry trees in hope of producing silkworms for silk.

• Trustees envisioned Georgia as a land of small farms

rather than large plantations. Video

Savannah, The First Settlement• James Oglethorpe led the first settlers to

Savannah (the only trustee who was in Georgia):– 1732 – ship Ann set sail from England to America

with chosen settlers (voyage took 57 days). – Arrived: Charles Town, S.C. in Jan. 1733– settlers welcomed by Carolinians who donated

food, provisions, slaves, etc., to help work– site chosen for first settlement – a high bluff

known as Yamacraw (reason: high ground was a good defense against enemies)

Savannah, The First Settlement• Tomochichi (leader of Yamacraw people) was a

good friend to Oglethorpe – valuable in ensuring early success of the colony. (He helped Oglethorpe)

• Fortunately for Oglethorpe and the Indians, John and Mary Musgrove owned a trading post near the South Carolinian traders. John and Mary were descendants of the Creek Indians and of the British and as a result were able to speak both languages. So, they interpreted all the meetings between Oglethorpe and Tomochichi. (main interpreter: Mary Musgrove)

Savannah, The First Settlement

• February 12, 1733- (Georgia Day) Oglethorpe brought the settlers to the future Savannah

• Settlers: set up tents as they cleared land, and set up their town; the first Georgia community

• Oglethorpe’s design: 4 squares; each having 20 lots on the north and 20 on the south; totaling 40 lots (Each square with 40 lots=wards)

*Each head of the household (male) received

50 acres of land (included: one of the lots on a square, a garden lot, and a 45 acre farm.)

• Oglethorpe supervised the building of the town

Project:Savannah, the 1st Settlement

• Create a story book that tells of the establishment of Savannah.

• Each student will receive a 4-5 sheets of copier paper to complete this assignment. Students should create a booklet.

• Present PPT that provides the prompts for each page. Have students copy each prompt on each page in their booklet.

• Students will draw a picture that correlates to each prompt (page)

Life in Early GeorgiaBeginning a new life in Georgia wasn’t

easy for the first settlers. They struggled w/: – heat and humidity of Georgia summers– fear of alligators and rattlesnakes– illnesses from mosquitoes and drinking water

Activity 10: Building the new colony of Georgia was hard. What were some of the tasks that the settlers had to face when building the colony of GA?

Tasks Settlers Faced Building the New Colony:

–clearing the land and cultivating crops

–building small homes (less than 400 sq. feet)

–planting, tending family gardens, milking cows, raising chickens, cooking, cleaning, etc.

Life in Early Georgia• Oglethorpe oversaw building of public structures in

Georgia:– a courthouse (first to be built in Savannah; also

served as the church)– Established a town court to decide disputes and

handle criminals (no attorneys)– a storehouse, a mill for grinding grain into flour, and

a large public oven for baking bread• Building defenses for GA was a priority.• Tybee Island (where Savannah River meets the

Atlantic Ocean) got a fort and a lighthouse.

Section 2: Changes and Challenges

• Essential Question:

–What were the most challenging problems for Georgia’s first colonists?

1. New Laws imposed by the trustees and the discontent among settlers, 2. Arrival of New Settlers, 3. The War of Jenkins Ear and the Battle of Bloody Marsh

Changes/Challenges…In the Spring of 1732, James Oglethorpe

went to England, taking Tomochichi (4 months). During this time Oglethorpe advertised the new colony of GA, raised money, and prepared for the colony’s defense.

New Laws (Changes)Oglethorpe returned to Georgia in 1736• he brought cannons and weapons for defense.• He issued three laws approved by Britain:

– made sale, use of rum, “spirits” illegal in Georgia– required a license for anyone trading with Indians– made slavery illegal in Georgia

*White indentured servants were allowed when extra workers were needed. Slavery was for a lifetime, whereas indentured servitude was for an agreed-upon time.

Activity 11: In your Cornell Notes, answer the following: What was the reasoning behind each of the 3 laws issued by Oglethorpe? Be ready to discuss.(p.200)

New Laws (Changes)

Activity 11: In your Cornell Notes, answer the following: What was the reasoning behind each of the 3 laws issued by Oglethorpe? Be ready to discuss.(p.200)

New SettlersForty-two Jews arrived a few months after the

colony began:– group did not ask permission of the trustees (some

of the trustees didn’t like the idea of Jews living in GA; wanted Protestant Christians only in colony)

– permission to stay granted by Oglethorpe– Dr. Samuel Nunez (a Jew) saved lives of some

victims suffering from a fever that was killing many Georgians.

New Settlers Role of Religion: In some parts of Europe, people were

persecuted for their religion and were required to belong to the religion established by the government. This was the case with the Salzburgers and the Moravians

• Salzburgers (German-speaking Lutherans) came to Georgia (1734) to escape persecution: (Trustees granted permission to their arrival after Salzburger supporter Rev. Samuel Urlsperger asked)– group allowed to become colonists; granted land– The trustees were very pleased with these

hardworking farmers and their dedication to producing silk.

New SettlersSalzburgers accomplishments: • Were able to receive better land (New Ebenezer; “stone

of help”) versus the swampy land they first received (Ebenezer)

• Built a church, school, orphanage, and mills at New Ebenezer

• Became hardworking colonists under the leadership of their minister: John Martin Bolzius

• Most successful farmers• Supported the Trustees law against slavery and their

vision of small farms; defended the trust and its policies (Grateful because the Trust had given them a new life/place to practice their Lutheran faith without persecution.)

New Settlers• Another group: German-speaking Protestants

who came to Georgia were the Moravians:– worked hard to educate Indians; convert them to

Christian religion– were pacifists (believed fighting or violence to be

wrong)– had difficulty being accepted by other colonists– left Georgia by 1740 (most went to Pennsylvania)

New Settlers Another group that arrived: Highland Scots

- Because the relationship between

Great Britain and Spain were not good,

Highland Scots were recruited by

Oglethorpe (had reputation for being good

soldiers and fighters).

-Many Highland Scots settled the town of Darien

-helped build forts on the GA islands

Assignment: 12Jews •Group of settlers opposed by some trustees, welcomed by

Oglethorpe, brought a much needed doctor to the colony•Arrived unexpectedly•First new settlers

Salzburgers •Most successful farmers also produced silk•Lived in New Ebenezer•Supported the Trust’s laws and policies•Came to the colony to avoid persecution •Practiced Lutheran faith; German speaking Lutherans

Highland Scots •Recruited by Oglethorpe because they were great soldiers and fighters•Settled the town of Darien•Helped build forts on the GA islands

Moravians •They were pacifists, left the colony, had difficulty being accepted by colonists•German Speaking Protestants •Believed in “Unity of Brethren”

The Malcontents• The Malcontents (complainers) some

Georgia colonists who became unhappy

with the trustees’ policies and laws. Most of

the malcontents were Scots (lowland Scotland).

December, 1738, the malcontents sent a letter to Great Britain regarding their issues; they requested change!!!

The Malcontent Issues:Issues:

– Rum Act often ignored / not enforced– unhappiness arose regarding rule of not

allowing women to inherit land (men thought it was unfair to have to give their land back to the trust; land that they cleared and built homes on if there wasn’t another male to inherit the land; also worried about their wives and daughters. Trust agreed to consider

allowing women to inherit land)

The Malcontents Issues: – anger over hard work for little benefit (the

produce that they were planting were did not grow well in Georgia: grapes, olives, mulberry trees)

– Against the limit of 500 acres; need for more acreage to grow rice and make greater profits; pressured trust to allow slavery

By 1740, many of the malcontents left

Georgia to settle in South Carolina

Assignment #13• You are a member of the malcontent. You are

unhappy and displeased with the policies of the trust. You are to write a letter to Great Britain demanding changes regarding all of the issues discussed (see notes).

Rubric:

• Salutation: Dear _______, (5 pts)

• Body (discussing/providing reasoning for enforcing all 4 issues) (80 pts)

• Date: month/year (5 pts)

• Closing (5 pts) *Neatness (5pts)

Defense of Georgia• Oglethorpe was concerned with GA’s

Defense…Why? (Threat from Spanish in Florida)

• Oglethorpe convinced British Parliament to

pay for the colony’s protection (since GA was a buffer between Spanish Florida/British colonies)

• Oglethorpe ordered the construction of forts (southern: Frederica/ northern: Augusta)

Defense of Georgia

• 1739, War of Jenkins Ear (Great Britain/Spain) broke out. Georgia suffered from fighting with the Spanish in Florida; Oglethorpe led an unsuccessful invasion of Florida in 1740.

• Retaliation: Spanish tried to take Fort Frederica…In what battle?

Battle of Bloody Marsh

5 W’s (Who, What, When, Where, Why)

• Who? ENGLISH (GEORGIANS)/SPANISH

• What? A battle where the Spanish tried to take Fort Frederica

• When? 1742

• Where? St. Simon, GA

• Why? Retaliation for Oglethorpe’s previous attempt to invade FLA. Spain ordered Cuba/Florida to prepare to invade GA

How? Results of The Battle of Bloody Marsh

• The Spanish lost/retreated

• The Spanish threat to the southern colonies ended

• Georgia remained a British colony

Life in Trustee Georgia

• Through out the trustee period, GA spent their time working to meet their basic needs. (building homes, clearing land, etc)

• Trustees continued to try to govern the colony from Great Britain; men were appointed to report to them and carry out their instructions

Life in Trustee Georgia

• In spite of the trustees plans/rules, the economy did not develop as they hoped (some areas did experience economic growth)

• While the colonists/trustees focused on their daily living, educational and religious institutions fail to receive much attention

Government/Economy

• 1737, the Trust hired William Stephen as secretary to help keep Great Britain updated about GA’s problems/progress.

• 1741, Georgia was divided: northern province (Stephens); southern province (Oglethorpe)

• 1743, Oglethorpe left GA, Stephens was appointed president over the entire colony

Government/Economy• After the War of Jenkin’s Ear, Savannah

struggled economically (people left; SC) Many of the rules and regulations in GA changed

Changes:

1. Restrictions on land ownership

ended (large plantations began to appear)

2. slavery was allowed

As a result, the cultivation of rice became

popular (helping to build the economy)

What were other aspects to GA’s economy? P.209

Other aspects to GA’s economy included:

• Trade with Indians for deerskins/beaver fur (Augusta)

• Farming: growing crops/raising animals

• Pine trees: Sap (trade)

• Conduction of trade became important job: people (merchants/storekeepers/artisans) set up businesses bringing in and making goods needed for the colonists

Education/Religion• Education was not important at this time.

• Georgian children’s were homeschooled

about practical matters:

Boys: how to plant/harvest crops

Girls: how to cook/sew

Education/Religion• Most successful attempts to provide a

formal education were in the New Ebenezer community.

• 1740, George Whitefield (famous preacher) founded the Betheseda orphanage/school; the two most important educational institutes in Trustee Georgia

Education/Religion

• Organized religion had a difficult time:

Worship services were being held in public

building; church buildings were needed.

• The most successful colonists in

organizing religious services were the

Salzburgers. Rev. Martin Bolzius was the

spiritual leader of the Salzburgers

The End of the Trustee Period• The original ideas for the GA colony were never fulfilled.

The trustees vision of the colony failed.

Failures: cultivation of olives/grapes unsuccessful, silk culture=disappointing, the trustees had given into demands for changes of land policies, rum, and slavery laws. Parliament didn’t give them money in 1751 and decided to turn the colony over to British govt. (King) in 1752 (a year earlier than required) As a result, GA became a Royal Colony

The End of the Trustee Period• GA’s Accomplishments:

Georgia successfully defended itself and

South Carolina from Spain, Augusta became

an important trade center with Indians,

public buildings and homes were built,

colonist learned how to survive in a new,

environment• By the time the first royal governor appointed by the

British King arrived, GA was on a path to growth &

prosperity!!

Effects of the French and Indian War• Great Britain wanted the American colonists to help pay off

debts created by the French and Indian War. (taxes)• Trade laws, or the Navigation Acts, required certain goods

be sold only to Great Britain or its colonies. (Mercantilism) • British merchants had full control of manufactured goods

and trade with the colonies. • Colonists began smuggling goods by secretly importing and

exporting products to France and other places. • Georgians liked protection from Indians by British soldiers

but didn’t like providing housing and supplies for soldiers.

• Georgia no longer felt threatened by the Spanish or French on its borders, which helped promote feelings of independence.

Result: The changes brought about due to the effects of the French and Indian War (mercantilism in particular)caused the relationship between Great Britain and its North American colonies to become tense. As the years passed, this tension led the two sides to a revolution. The American Revolution.