EuropeAidThe Urban Dimension in the European Development Policy

Raul MATEUS PAULA

EuropeAid, Centralised operations for ACP countries

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EuropeAid

Urban development : Definition

• Urbanisation is above all :

A spatial expansion process (where people form communities over a small area)

A social process generating contradictions

A refuge during armed conflicts/instability

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EuropeAid

Urban development : Definition

• Three conditions

A surplus of agricultural production for feeding the non-producers

Trading mechanisms for the distribution of goods

Political regulations governing the use of the surplus by non-producers

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EuropeAid

Urban development : Challenges

• A major sector for development aid, considering that :

Urbanisation is a planetary phenomenon

Urbanisation is inevitable and irreversible

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EuropeAid

Urban development : Challenges

• A great challenge :

Manage the phenomenal growth of the urban population

Deal with the related problem of slums

Deal with the climatic change (adapt and mitigate)

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EuropeAid

Urban development : Response

• Recognize the positive role of urbanization for economic and social development, as well as and cultural changes

• Recognize the existence of pockets of high poverty

• Adapt the scale of interventions at the regional and local level

• Emphasize the urban dimension of infrastructure projects

• Build resilience to disasters

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EuropeAid

Urban development : Response

• Reinforce the territorial dimension of institutional reforms by decentralizing and by supporting local governments management

• Support the fight against poverty via cross-cutting issues in relation with urban development: health / environment / gender considerations / good governance / migration issues

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EuropeAid

Urban development : type of EC-funded projects

3 areas of cooperation :

• Rehabilitation and reconstruction of basic urban infrastructures following conflicts and natural disasters

• Risks reduction and disaster prevention

• Urban operations

– Buildings for health and education, markets, judiciary…

– Solid and liquid waste management

– Technical assistance to municipalities / urban micro projects

– Slum upgrading and improving living conditions in towns

– Cultural heritage protection and preservation of historical sites and buildings

– Local economic development and micro-finance

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EuropeAid

EC presence in the ACP regions

• In all ACP

ad-hoc operations, mostly of social/transport/water character.

- LRRD activities, as part of security and recovery strategy (RDC, Haiti, Liberia…)

- with UN-HABITAT:

“Slum Uprgrading Programme in 30 ACP countries” : urban profiles and action plans to identify areas for support and build a framework for long term interventions

4 M€, started in 2008

- with WB Trust-fund “Cities Alliance”:

Anti-slum strategies and urban poverty reduction,

EC participation of 0.75 M€, approved 2007

• In South Africa

Many urban programs ranging from local economic development, municipal strengthening, to urban infrastructures.

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EuropeAidDEV-URB Statistics

EC Commitments between 1995 and 2006 by Sub-sectors

44%

32%

13%6%

4%

1%

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Urban Development and Housing Social Infrastructure

Disaster Risk Reduction Cultural Buildings and sites Solid Waste Disposal

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EuropeAidDEV-URB Statistics

EC Comitments between 1995 and 2006 by Region

31%

7%16%

19%

2%

6%

19% 0%

African, Caribbean, Pacific (EDF) South Africa (AFS)

Central and Latin America (ALA) Asie (ALA)

Balkans (CARDS) Pre-Accession Eastern European Countries (PHARE)

Mediterranean countries and Middle East (MEDA) Ex-soviet countries and Central Asia (TACIS)

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EuropeAidPossible themes for future cooperation(other than rehabilitation/recontruction)

Describe and orient the cities development (cartography, land-use and master-plans…)

Cities governance (institutional reinforcement of municipalities…)

Urban economics (equilibrium between affordability and cost-recovery…)

Housing and land tenancy issues Access to basic services (health/education, water

supply/sanitation…) Urban mobility (identify the needs, global strategy…) Urban security and safety Sustainable cities (environment, urban/rural relationship,

local economic development…) Mitigation of climatic change impact (reinforcement of

critical infrastructures, C0² limitation strategies…) Inter-city cooperation (both north-south and south-south) Preservation of the cultural heritage

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EuropeAidMDG urban paradox

MDG objective 7.3:« Ensure environmental sustainability – achieve

significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million dwellers by 2020 » targets approximately 10% of the existing “stock”, but the slum population will continue to rise up to 1,5 billion by 2020.

Conclusion : Slum inhabitants will be multiplied by FIVE in comparison to those whose life, in the meanwhile, would have been improved…

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EuropeAid

• http://circa.europa.eu/Members/irc/europeaid/urbandeveloppment/info/data/urbdevwebsite/en/index_en.htm?cookie=1

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EuropeAid

Towards sustainable urban development - 1

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EuropeAid

Towards sustainable urban development - 2