european atlas of soil biodiversityec.europa.eu/environment/archives/soil/pdf/gardi.pdf · 2014. 5....

Brussels, 23 - 24th September 2010 1

Joint Research Centre (JRC)IES - Institute for Environment and SustainabilityIspra - Italy

http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/themes/biodiversity/

Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?

European Atlas of Soil Biodiversity

Ciro Gardi, Simon Jeffery, Arwyn Jones



WHAT DO WE MEAN BY SOIL BIODIVERSITY ?

•

The range of organisms present in soil

•

The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur

/ flora



Economical/utilitarian reasons

Ecological reasons

Ethical reasons

WHY WE NEED TO PROTECT SOIL BIODIVERSITY?

“.. Everyday we use living organisms, and without them we can’t live. And everyday we

take this great benefit for granted …..”

Francis of Assisi, 1225



WHAT IS THE REAL VALUE OF SOIL BIODIVERSITY

Nitrogen fixation: 70 billion Euro

Pollination: 150 billion Euro

Pimentel et al. 1997



EU ROLE IN SOIL BIODIVERSITY UNDERSTANDING AND PROTECTION

Two are the main policies instruments dealing with soil biodiversity in Europe:

• Soil Thematic Strategy

• Halting Biodiversity loss by 2010



EU ROLE IN SOIL BIODIVERSITY UNDERSTANDING AND PROTECTION

EU funded studies and research programs related to soil biodiversity:

•

Research Projects: (ENVASSO, CONSIDER, RUBICODE, SOILSERVICE, ECOFINDER, etc.)

•

Report: Soil biodiversity: function, threats and tools for policy makers



CBD AND SOIL BIODIVERSITY

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), entered in force on 29 December 1993, is an international treaty to sustain the diversity of life on Earth.

Soil biodiversity has been identified as an area requiring particular attention under the programme of work on agricultural biodiversity of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Soil Biodiversity, has been defined as the Root of Sustainable Agriculture.

In October 2007 JRC received an official mandate from CDB, to coordinate the activities on Soil Biodiversity



SOIL BIODIVERSITY WORKING GROUP

Antonio Bispo, Gabriele Broll, Lijbert Brussaard, Sally Bunning, Colin Campbell, Daniel Cluzeau, David Coates, Frank Glante, Katarina

Hedlund, Gera Hol, Carlo Jacomini, Mulongoy (Jo) Kalemani, Paul Henning Krogh, Clemencia Licona Manzur, Cristina Menta, Silvia Pieper,

Guénola Pérès, Karl Ritz, Joerg Roembke, Michiel Rutgers, Olaf Schmidt, José Paulo Sousa, Roberto Cenci, Ciro Gardi, Simon Lee Jeffery,

Arwyn Jones, Luca Marmo, Luca Montanarella and Panos Panagos.

It was established in May 2008, with the main aims of:

•

produce an Atlas of Soil Biodiversity by 2010, in order to raise

awareness on this topic

• contribute to the accomplishment of CBD mandate

•

catalyze researches on soil biodiversity, filling the gaps in

knowledge outlined in the Soil Thematic Strategy



THE ATLAS AS A CONTRIBUTE TO 2010, THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF BIODIVERSITY

Editorial Board:Simon Jeffery, Ciro Gardi, Arwyn Jones, Luca Montanarella, Luca Marmo, Ladislav Miko, , Karl Ritz, Jörg Römbke and Wim H. van der Putten.



ATLAS ???

Definition of the word “Atlas”

(dictionary.com)

1.

a bound collection of maps. 2. a bound volume of charts, plates, or tables

illustrating any subject.



AIMS OF THE ATLAS

•

High quality and comprehensive reference work on soil

biodiversity

•

Written for general public, policy makers, teachers,

students, but also soil and environmental scientists

•

Rigorous, but clear and simple science

•

Informative, easy to read, stimulating



STRUCTURE OF THE ATLAS

The Atlas consists of two main sections

•The first part is devoted to the description of relationships between soil and its inhabitants•The second part, taxonomic, presents facts and features of main taxa

of soil organisms



SOME NUMBERS...

The European Atlas ofSoil

Biodiversty

has been realized thanks to the efforts of:

•

10 Editors

•

61 Authors, belonging to 38 different institutions including governmental, academia and industry, from 14 different countries + 4 multi-national organisations

(CBD, European

Commission, EFSA and FAO)

•

163 authors of photographs and images

•

128 pages and 444 images



APPEALING LAYOUT



INTERESTING FACTS



UNIQUE COLLECTION OF IMAGES

More than 440 unique images:



SOIL ENVIRONMENT



ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOMES



SOIL FUNCTIONS



PRESSURES ON SOIL BIODIVERSITY



DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL ORGANISMS



SOIL ECOLOGY



ENCYCLOPEDIA

•

Prokaryotes

•

Cyanobacteria and Algae

•

Fungi

•

Mycetozoans (Slime Moulds)

•

Protozoa

•

Tardigrades

•

Rotifers

•

Nematodes

•

Collembola

•

Acari

•

Enchytraeids

•

Other Soil Mesofauna

•

Earthworms

•

Myriapods

•

Ants

•

Termites

•

Terrestrial Isopods

•

Carabid Beetles

•

Other Soil Macrofauna



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Simon Jeffery, Ciro

Gardi, Arwyn

Jones, Luca Montanarella, Luca Marmo, Ladislav Miko, Karl Ritz, Guénola

Pérès, Jörg Römbke

and Wim H. van der Putten. Rebekka Artz, Dimos

Anastasiou, Dominique Arrouays, Ana Catarina Bastos, Anna Bendetti, Antonio Bispo, Pietro Brandmayr, Gabriele Broll, Sally Bunning, Cristina Castracani, Colin Campbell, Daniel Cluzeau, David Coates, Rachel Creamer, Iason

Diafas, Tracy Durrant, Wilhelm Foissner, Gisela B. Fritz, Ciro

Gardi, Barbara Gemmill-Herren, Ulfert

Graefe, Donato Grasso, Gera Hol, Marianne Hoogmoed, Bernard Jabiol, Simon Jeffery, Juan J. Jimenez,

Katarina Hedlund, Paul Henning Krogh, Philippe Lemanceau, Clemencia

Licona-Manzur, Jörg Luster, Lara Maistrello, Luca Marmo, Cristina Menta, Ladislav Miko, Kalemani

Jo Mulongoy, Roy Neilson, Uffe

Nileson,Claudia Olazabal, Marcello Pagliai, Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska, Guénola

Peres, Jean-François Ponge, Wim van der Putten, Karl Ritz, Lionel Ranjard, Roberta Roberti, Jörg Römbke, Michiel

Rutgers, Giacomo Sartori, Ralph O. Schill, Jose Paulo Sousa, Steven Stephenson, Stefano Taiti, Andy Taylor, Frank Verheijen, Diana Wall, Konrad Wolowski, Augusto Zanella.

Ljibert

Brussard, Carlo Jacomini, Olaf Schmidt and Siliva

Pieper, Vit Penziek, Nicholas Frost, Linda and Malcolm Jeffery, Katarzyna

Turnau, Franz Horak, Monika Walter Mare Maxwell, Ian Dewsbery

and Jon Gammage, Grainne

Mulhern.

(AF) A. Ferreira; (AJ) A. Jones; (AM) A. MacNealie; (AMo) A. Mori; (AP) A. Pekkarinen; (APi) A. Pisa; (AR) A. Rockefeller; (ASM) A. San Miguel; (AT) A. Taylor; (BF) B. Foerster; (BH) B. Haynold; (BJA) B. J. Adams; (BPS) B. P. Skowrońska; (BS) B. Saignant; (CC) C. Castracani; (CF) C. Farmer; (CFi) C. Fischer; (CG) C. Gardi; (CM) C. Menta; (CN) C. Nagy; (CT) C. Tarnocai; (D) Darkone; (DC) D. Cluzeau; (DDE) D. D’Eustacchio; (DF) D. Fontaneto; (DG) D. Grasso; (DM) D. Maddison; (DMa) D. Martins; (Du) Duncharris; (DW) D. Walter; (DZ)

D. Zanocco; (EAF) E. A. Fitzpatrick; (EC) E. Chiappini; (ED) E. Dobos; (EG) E. Guinther; (EH) E. Halberg; (EHd) E. Hoffland; (EHo) E. Hoekstra; (EM) E. Mader; (EMi) E. Micheli; (FAO) Food and Agriculture Organization

of the United Nations; (FT) F. Trnka; (FV) F. Verheijen; (GB) G. Badon; (GBa) G. Barron; (GC) G. Colm; (GCo) G. Colombetta; (GCz) G. Cziszmarová; (GP) Guénola

Pérès; (GS) G. Sbrenna; (GSa) G. Sartori; (GSt) G. Stephenson; (HCF) H. C. Fründ; (HH) H. Hoefer; (HHo) H. Hoitink; (HS) H. Segers; (HvM) H. van Megen; (HvW) H. van Wijnen; (IHT) I. H.Tuf; (JAG) J. A. Gaspar; (JB) J. Bihn; (JC) J. Cane; (JF) J. Frouz; (JFP) J.F. Ponge; (JK) J. Keizer; (JL) J. Lindsey; (JO) J. Oliveira; (JM) J.

Mourek; (JMa) J. Malik; (JMo) J. Mourek; (JPS) J. P. Sousa; (JR) J. Römbke; (JRC) Joint Research

Centre; (JRu) J. Rusek; (JS) J. Schoner; (JSh) J. Shadwick; (JSi) J. Stanković; (JS) J. Spooner; (JST) J. Stewart; (K) Kozuch

-

Wikipedia; (KF) K. Fleming; (KG) K. Geyer; (KH) K. Hedlund; (KK) K. Kolo; (KKu) K. Kulac; (KR) K. Ritz; (KRB) K. R. Butt; (KT) K. Turnau; (KW) K. Wolowski; (LB) L. Barrico; (LD) L. Deacon; (LDe) L. Dekker; (LH) L. Horst; (LJ) L. Jeffery; (LJU) L. Juřičková; (LK) L. Kováč; (LM) L. Miko; (LMa) L. Maistrello; (LP) L.

Pizzocaro; (LS) L. Seebach; (LvS) L. van Schöll; (LW) L. Woodmore; (MA) Monica Amorim; (MB) M. Bartlett; (MBe) M. Beijaert; (MBo) M. Bouché; (MC) M. Calderon; (MH) M. Horsák; (MJ) M. Jeffery; (MM) M. Malvar; (MMK) M. M.

Karim; (MMu) M. Mundo; (MP) M. Pagliai; (MPa) M. Pawinski; (MR) M. Rutgers; (MRV) M. R. Villareal; (MT) M. Turetsky; (MVBG) M. V. B. Garcia; (N) Neier; (NA) N. Allin; (NASA) National Aeronautics

and Space

Administration; (OC) OpenCage; (OE) O. Ehrmann; (PB) P. Brandmayr; (PC) P. Cenini; (PDI) Public Domain Image; (PH) P. Halasz; (PHK) P. Henning Krog; (PS) P. Strobl; (PV) P. Vilgus; (PW) P. Williams; (RA) R. Artz; (RC) R. Creamer; (RD) R. Darrah; (RH) R. Hiederer; (RI) R. Innocenti; (RK) R. Klementschitz; (RMS) R. M. Schmelz; (RN) R. Neilson; (RR) R. Roberti; (RW) R. Wheatley; (SB) S. Bambi; (SBl) S. Blackall; (SE) S. Edwards; (SH) S. Hopkin;

(SHa) S. Hallett; (SJ) S. Jeffery; (SP) S. Pierbattista; (SPo) S. Polak; (ST) S. Taiti; (SW) S. Willems; (TB) T. Blevins; (TDH) T. Durrant

Houston; (TE) T. Engelkes; (TL) T. Luz; (TM) T. Moser; (UNN) U. N. Nielsen; (USDA) United States Department

of Agriculture; (UT) U. Tartes; (VRL) V. R. Lewis; (WF) W. Foissner; (WH) W. Hanagarth

and (WT) W. Towers.

Antonio Bispo, Gabriele Broll, Lijbert

Brussaard, Sally Bunning, Colin Campbell, Daniel Cluzeau, David Coates, Frank Glante, Katarina Hedlund, Gera Hol, Carlo Jacomini, Mulongoy

(Jo) Kalemani, Paul Henning Krogh, Clemencia

Licona

Manzur, Cristina Menta, Silvia Pieper, Guénola

Pérès, Karl Ritz, Joerg Roembke, Michiel

Rutgers, Olaf Schmidt, José

Paulo Sousa, Roberto Cenci, Ciro

Gardi, Simon Lee Jeffery, Arwyn

Jones, Luca Marmo, Luca Montanaella

and Panos Panagos.

Authors

Graphic designer

Image providers Editorial board

SupportersS.B. Working Group



CONCLUSIONS # 1

Described soilbiota species

Estimated soilbiota species



CONCLUSIONS # 2



CONCLUSIONS # 3



THANK YOU

THANK YOU

european atlas of soil biodiversityec.europa.eu/environment/archives/soil/pdf/gardi.pdf · 2014. 5....

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