french sites presentation pérès guénola (aco), daniel … · 2017-03-16 · kick-off meeting...

French Sites

Presentation

Pérès Guénola (ACO), Daniel Cluzeau (UR1)

Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen

Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau

WP1 - French site presentationWP1 - French site presentation


WP1 - French site presentation

3 Long Term Observatories

* Kerguéhennec (2000)

* Mons (2009) (SOERE-ACBB)

* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-PROs)

+

1 Farm network

2 LTO


* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-Pros)

1 LTO

* Lusignan (2005)(SOERE-ACBB)

Tillage Fertilisation Crop rotation

Kerguéhennec

Mons

EFELE

Lusignan



SOERE ACBB

Lusignan (2005)

Crop Rotation

Temporary grasslands

Lusignan

Lusignan

Experimental set up: management factors under study

Plot Treatment Grassland duration N input Grassland

Management

Main plots (‘small plots’)

T1 Crop rotation 0

N+

Cutting

T2 Grassland-crop rotation

3 yrs T3

6 yrs N+

T4 N-

T5 Permanent Grassland > 20 yrs N+

“Large plots“

T3 L 6 yrs

N+ Cutting T6 L N- Grazing T5 L

> 20 yrs N+ Cutting

T7 L N- Grazing

Initialisationplowing

Experimental set up: Rotations > 20 years

25 ha� 5 treatments x 4 reps = 20 main (‘small’) plots (0,4 ha)

� 4 large plots (3,2 ha)

Climatic and physical soil parameters�Meteo

�Soil humidity-temperature

Climatic and physical soil parameters�Meteo

�Soil humidity-temperature

Soil and vegetation characteristics�Above and below-ground biomass

�Soil organic matter

�Mineral balances

Soil and vegetation characteristics�Above and below-ground biomass

�Soil organic matter

�Mineral balances

Soil solution and drained water�Microlysimeters

�Succion cups

Soil solution and drained water�Microlysimeters

�Succion cups

Atmospheric fluxes� CO2 , H2O,

(2 Eddy covariance towers)

� N2O (2 x 6 automated enclosures)

Atmospheric fluxes� CO2 , H2O,

(2 Eddy covariance towers)

� N2O (2 x 6 automated enclosures)

Biodiversity�Plants: sawn species, weeds

�Fauna: earthworms,

insects, voles, …

�Micro-organisms

Biodiversity�Plants: sawn species, weeds

�Fauna: earthworms,

insects, voles, …

�Micro-organisms

Data collection: overview

Biological soil

Conservatory

- 40°C

DNA library

Data Basis

Sample

collections



3 Long Term Observatories


* Mons (2009) (SOERE-ACBB)

* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-PROs)

+

1 Farm network

2 LTO


* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-Pros)

1 LTO

* Lusignan (2005)(SOERE-ACBB)

Tillage Fertilisation Crop rotation

Kerguéhennec

Mons

EFELE

Lusignan



Kerguehennec site

Kerguéhennec



Ap

Bw

C

Soil derived from micaschist, Dystric Cambisol

(FAO) with a loamy texture and

high organic matter (4,3%)

Sand (50-2000 µm) 41 %

Silt (2-50 µm) 42 %

Clay (<2 µm) 17 %

pH (H20, 1 : 2.5) 6

C (g kg-1) 21

CEC (mequiv/100 g) 10 11

- Ocean climate,

- Mean annual precipitation : 890 mm

- Mean annual air temperature : 10.8°C

Kerguéhennec

Kerguéhennec



Experimental station of Kerguéhennec (Morbihan dept.) of CRAB since 2000 � 2 experimental designs under conventional system FKT and FKA

"Transfer" experiment

FKT

-> impact of reduced tillage on run-off

"Agronomic" experiment

FKA

-> impact of reduced tillage

combined with OM inputs

12

Kerguéhennec



"Agronomic" experiment

FKA

-> impact of reduced tillage

combined with OM inputs

Treatments are compared since 2000

Crop rotation (4 years) : grain maize-wheat-rape-wheat-phacelia

Crop in January2017

Kerguéhennec

Sous-essai A: essai « scientifique »

L, TS, SD ; M, FV

Sous-essai B: essai « faisabilité »

L, TS ; LP, FB-M

Bloc 1 TS/FV TS/M SD/FV SD/M L/M L/FV L/M-

FB L/LP TS/M-FB TS/LP

Bloc 2 L/M L/FV TS/M TS/FV SD/M SD/FV TS/LP TS/M-

FB L/LP L/M-FB

Bloc 3 SD/FV SD/M L/FV L/M TS/FV TS/M L/M-

FB L/LP TS/M-FB TS/LP

Mineral fertilisation - M

Poultry manure - PM

Pig Slurry - LP

Cow manure– M/FB

10 traitements (12 m X 25 m) X 3 blocs � 30 plots

Rotation (4 ans) grain maize-wheat-rape-wheat-phacelia

With Equivalent N input

3 Tillage treatments 4 fertilisation treatmentsConventional Moulboard ploughing 25 cm (CMP)

Minimum tillage (MT)Harrowing at 8 cm then chisel since 2006

No till, Direct drilling (DS)

X

French Tillage treatments – FKA “Agronomical” (since 2000)



15

SOIL

Physical properties

Structural state of surface

Hydraulic conduticity

porosity

Structural stability

Morphological properties

Agricultural profil

Chemical properties

analysis

C and N stock

Biological properties

Earthworm

Microorganisms (biomass)

Nematodes

KFA - Many parameters measured every year or ponctually

CROPS

Disease

Pests

Weeds

Root profile

Crop yield and

component

Crop analysis

Kerguéhennec



"Transfer" experiment

FKT

-> impact of reduced tillage on run-off

16

3 Treatments are compared since 2000

with the same fertilisation

Crop rotation (every 2 years) : Grain maize – wheat – ray grass

Crop in January2017

Kerguéhennec

3 traitements (6 m X 50 m) X 3 blocs � 9 plots

Rotation (2 ans) : Grain maize – wheat –

ray grass RGI.

FertilisationPig slurry (before maize) Mineral (on wheat)

Conventional Moulboard ploughing 25 cm (CMP)

Minimum tillage (MT)Harrowing at 8 cm then chisel since 2006

No till, Direct drilling (DS)

3 Tillage treatments

French Tillage treatments – FKT “Transfer” (since 20 00)



SOIL

Physical properties

Run-off

Erosion

Soil stability

Hydraulic conductivity

Chemical properties

Concentration of herbicides

Phosphorus

Biological properties

Earthworm

Microorganisms

FKT - Many parameters measured every year or ponctually

Kerguéhennec


SOERE ACBB

Estrées-Mons (2009)

Tillagecash crops and biomass crop rotation

Mons


WP1 - French site presentation MONS

� Deep loamy soil (Haplic Luvisol) with

deep rooting capacity

� Oceanic temperate climate,

� average annual precipitation : 684 mm

� average annual temperature : 10.4 °C

for the period 2006–2010.



* Ploughed once after switchgrass

** Except after rapeseed crop

MONS

Treatment Rotation Soil tillageCrop residues management

N fertilization Legume frequency

T1Conventionalmanagement

Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat

Annual ploughing Returned Reference N Low

T2 Reduced TillagePea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley,

Maize, WheatShallow tillage Returned Reference N Low

T3Reduced Tillage and Residues Removal

Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat

Shallow tillage Exported** Reference N Low

T4 Reduced Nitrogen Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat

Annual ploughing Returned 40% Reference N Low

T5Reduced Nitrogen and LEGuminous crops

Alfalfa, Alfalfa, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat

Annual ploughing Returned 40% Reference N High

T6Residues Removal and PERennial crops

Switchgrass (6 years), Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley,

Maize, WheatShallow tillage* Exported** Reference N Low

Treatments : Tillage X crop residues management X N fertilization X Legume



24

plo

ts w

ith

6 t

rea

tem

en

tso

n 4

blo

cs

MONS


Tensiometers

TDR probes

Porous cups

Plate lysimeters

T probes



• Temperature and air humidity

• Wind direction and strength

• Global radiation

• Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR)

• Rainfall

Atmospheric measurements

• Soil tillage

• Fertilization

• Pesticides

Records of crop management technics

• Aerial biomass

• Root biomass

• Biomass composition (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg)

Vegetation measurements

MONS

• Earthworms

• Microorganisms

Biodiversity measurements

Soil measurements

• C, N,

• Carbon stock,

• Mineralisation,

• Temperature,

• Soil moisture

• Bulk density


SOERE –PROs

EFELE (2012)

TillageOrganic matter management

EFELE



LA

Ag

E(g)

EBT(g)

BTg1

BTg2

IISg

IIIC

Oceanic climat

Pluvio : 700 mm / year

NEOLUVISOL/LUVISOLS-REDOXISOL limoneux

Loamy soil

pH 6 (0- 40 cm) – 7-7.5 (> 40 cm)

OM : 2%

EFELE



Essai PROs4 blocs-9tts

Essai TS/MO3 blocs-4 tts

Lysimètres

Rotation : Maize/Wheat/ inter-crop : mustarde

EFELE

Plots : 113 m²

Plots : 600 m²

2017



• N Fertilisation : 80 kg N/ha (depending on N balance)

- 9 treatments:

- chicken manure,

- cattle farmyard manure

- cattle farmyard manure +N

- composted pig manure

- composted pig manure +N

- pig slurry

- digestate (from pig slurry)

- mineral

- Control

Applied every year

Applied every two years

EFELE

PROs Trial

Bloc 1

Blocs 1-2

Bloc 2

Bloc 3

Blocs 3-4

Bloc 4

Bloc 1

Blocs 1-2

Bloc 2

Bloc 3

Blocs 3-4

Bloc 4x x x xx x

x x x xx x

x x x xx x

x x x xx x

x x x


WP1 - French site presentation EFELE

TC/MO Trial

Cow manure

Reduced tillage

Conventionnal tillage

Mineral

X2 tillage treatments

2 fertilisation treatments

Bloc 1

Bloc 2

Bloc 3

Bloc 1

Bloc 2

Bloc 3

x

x x

xx x x x

x x x x

x xx x x x

x xx x x x

x xx x x x

x xx x x x



Parameters

* Monitoring :

- hydrodynamic functioning of soil (TDR probes, tensiometers,

temperature sensors, lysimeters) � water volume content, soil water capacity,

temperature

- emissions of N2O and CO2 gas (measurement chambers).

* Punctual data (every 3 years)

- Biological : Earthworms, macrofauna, microorganisms (biomass, diversity,

enzymatic activities)

- Chemical : C, N, P

- Physical : soil structure,



Farm network



• Farm network (15 farms in Britany)(Collaborations : Conseillers des chambres départementales d’Agriculture, les agriculteurs)

LC : conventional plough; TP : deep tillage; TS : superficial tillage ; SD : Direct-seeding

22 : Limons éoliens sur alluvions29 : Limons sur schiste ardoisier35 : Limons sur schiste tendre du briovérien56 : Granite

french sites presentation pérès guénola (aco), daniel … · 2017-03-16 · kick-off meeting...

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