european ocean energy roadmap 2010

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ocean energyASSOCIATION

EUROPEAN

energyEuropean Ocean EnergyRoadmap 2010 - 2050

Oceans of


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Oceans of energy European Ocean Energy Roadmap 2010-2050

is a publication of the European Ocean Energy Association. Design and production:

Strategy International Communications, www.strategy.be. Photo credits: Getty Images,

European Ocean Energy Association. Printing: Imprimerie Bietlot, Belgium.

AcknowledgementThe European Ocean Energy Association (EU-OEA) would like to

thank the European Commission's Directorate General for Energy

(DG ENER) for providing the funding that made this Roadmap a

reality. The development of the Roadmap has helped to define

the concrete actions necessary to achieve the next set of milestones

on the path to commercialisation of ocean energy in Europe.

The Association would like to extend its appreciation to those

who have contributed to the preparation of this Roadmap.

In particular:

> The Board of EU-OEA;

> The Members of the EU-OEA;

> The Roadmap Workshop participants;

> The ocean energy sector key stakeholders;

> Industry representatives;

> Ocean energy experts;

> Representatives of national organisations dealing

with ocean energy;

> Representatives of European bodies;

> Ocean energy technology developers.

In addition to these contributions, a number of reports related to

offshore renewables and ocean energy were used, such as: The

Carbon Trust's MARINE ENERGY CHALLENGE; the Forum for

Renewable Energy Development in Scotland's (FREDS) Marine

Energy Groups (MEG) MARINE ENERGY ROADMAP; The

European Wind Energy Association's (EWEA) 2007 report

DELIVERING OFFSHORE WIND POWER IN EUROPE and 2009

report OCEANS OF OPPORTUNITIES; The British Wind Energy

Association's (now known as RenewableUK) THE BENEFITS OF

MARINE TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN A DIVERSIFIED RENEWABLES

MIX and MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY, STATE OF THE

INDUSTRY REPORT October 2009.

This Roadmap for Ocean Energy in Europe has been prepared

under the contract: TREN/07/FP6EN/S07.75308/038571

EU-OEA.


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Foreword

uropean policy-makers are facing a challenging strategy a balancing act of combating climate

change and securing the energy supply, while ensuring global cost competitiveness. The ocean can

become a major element of this strategy: ocean energy. Europe has the oldest maritime industry, vastocean energy resources and it is a pioneer in ocean energy technologies. It is well positioned to lead

the world in harvesting ocean energy. Now is the time for the EU to act in a coordinated manner in order to

develop these technologies to their full potential and consequently export them around the globe.

Ocean energy technologies are maturing, but their development needs to be accelerated by a policy framework,

equivalent to that which promoted the offshore oil and gas sector from the 1960s onwards and, more recently,

the offshore wind sector.

This Roadmap is the work of the European Ocean Energy Association; it is intended to map out the potential

development of ocean energy up to 2020 and beyond to 2050. The Roadmap identifies issues and barrierssurrounding the sector. We intend this document to be the first step towards a similar policy framework that

European countries implemented for offshore oil and gas and offshore wind.

Ocean energy is a European matter, whether there is a coastline or not. Ocean energy offers a domestic energy

resource for the EU which, to-date, has been largely untapped. Companies that make up the ocean energy

sector recognise the challenges that need to be overcome to make the vision a reality. They are ready to invest

the time and money required to advance the European ocean energy industry. This roadmap calls on the EU

Member States and the European Commission to provide strong policy measures and adequate support for the

sector to realise its full potential.

E

Alla WeinsteinPresident

Nathalie RousseauExecutive Director


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If 0.1% of the renewable energyavailable within the oceans couldbe converted into electricity it wouldsatisfy the present world demand

for energy more than five times over.UK Marine Foresight Panel, 2000


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................ 6Key objectives of a European Industrial Initiative for ocean energy ........................... 7

THE SCOPE OF OCEAN ENERGY.......................................................................... 8

OCEAN ENERGY IN EUROPE ............................................................................. 12

Synergies with renewable energy sources ............................................................. 14

AN OCEAN OF BENEFITS .................................................................................. 16

The European energy challenge........................................................................... 17

Climate change ................................................................................................. 17

A diversified, local energy mix ............................................................................ 18

Towards a knowledge-based economy .................................................................. 18A new flow of job creation .................................................................................. 18

MARKETS SAIL TO OCEAN ENERGY'S TRUE POTENTIAL.................................... 20

Ocean energy can grow at the same speed as wind ............................................... 22

CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES...................................................................... 24

Policy ............................................................................................................... 25

Market.............................................................................................................. 26

Research & development .................................................................................... 28

Environment & planning ..................................................................................... 29

EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL INITIATIVE FOR OCEAN ENERGY................................. 30Strategic objective ............................................................................................. 31

Industrial sector objective .................................................................................. 31

Technology objectives......................................................................................... 31

Actions ............................................................................................................. 33

Estimated costs to reach 240 MW of installed capacity ........................................ 34

Strategic key performance indicators ................................................................... 34

Table ofcontents


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e Roadmap for te deeopment of te ocean

energ industr in Europe proides a set of

steps wic, once impemented, woud faciitate

epoitation of te ast European ocean energ

resources and enabe te reaisation of 3.6 GW of

instaed capacit b 2020, and cose to 188 GW b 2050.

Tabe 1 quantifies te potentia benefits of deeoping a

European ocean energ sector in 2020 and 2050. Based on

tese projections, te ocean energ sector coud generate

significant ees of empoment, contribute to carbon reduction

targets and drie major inestment.

A number of EU Member States ae put in pace attractie

financia incenties, in terms of bot reenue support and

capita grants, and ae deeoped word-cass testing faciities

for ocean energ.

Current a te major utiities are engaged in te industr,

eiter b inesting in tecnoog or projects, or b committing

resources to draw up strategies tat best support te ocean

energ industr. Te are serious about te deeopment of te

European ocean energ industr and recognise tat, as te

utimate end-customers of ocean energ tecnoog, te ae

a major roe to pa in ear-stage deeopment. Major

manufacturers are epressing interest in te industr b

inesting direct in tecnoog deeopment.

To reaise tis potentia and secure te associated benefits, te

industr must oercome a number of caenges. A new

generation of fu-scae ocean energ conersion deices wi

ae to be instaed and demonstrate teir operationa

capabiities in te net few ears. Manufacturing processesneed to be deeoped, automated and optimised wit

knowedge transfer from, and industria cooperation wit, oter

sectors, primari offsore wind and offsore oi and gas.

Eectricit network connections wi aso ae to be panned to

enabe major ocean energ power deier.

A compreensie researc programme to constant improe

te tecnica and economic performance of ocean energ

conersion deices wi support industr deeopment. It wi aso

Executivesummary

Installed Direct Jobs1 Total Jobs CO2 avoided InvestmentCapacity / GW (Direct & Indirect)2 Mt/year3 m.4

3.6 (in 2020) 26,000 40,000 2.61 8,544

188 (in 2050) 314,213 471,320 136.3 451,104

Table 1 ESTIMATED BENEFITS OF DEVELOPING A WORLD LEADING EUROPEANOCEAN ENERGY INDUSTRY

1. FREDS, Marine Energy Group, Roadmap, 20092. FREDS, Marine Energy Group, Roadmap, 20093. Fakta om Vindenergi, Faktablad M2, Januar 2007, www.dkvind.dk4. FREDS, Marine Energy Group, Roadmap, 2009

T


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be necessar to integrate preious mapped ocean resources

and transmission capacit potentias in Europe.

Risk reduction wi be required to eerage priate inestment

into te ocean energ industr; tis can be acieed b

appropriate fisca poicies (grant support and market pu).

Reenue incenties are important, oweer, te are current

insufficient and wi not work in isoation from capita support

measures in te ear stages of industr growt. It is anticipated

tat costs wi reac mature ees after a number of commercia

scae deeopments utiising tecnoogies of simiar generic

design ae been instaed.

It is te opinion of te European Ocean Energ Association

(EU-OEA) tat a joint priate/pubic effort, suc as te

estabisment of a European Industria Initiatie, is critica for

te deeopment of te European ocean energ industr. A

European Industria Initiatie woud bring togeter te necessar

critica mass of priate/pubic resources to adance te industr

to fu commerciaisation. Te incusion of ocean energ witin

te upcoming framework programme wi enabe it to eerage

priate inestment, acceerating deeopment and acieing te

associated benefits of a triing ocean energ industr.

Te EU-OEA as committed itsef to supporting and faciitating

te deeopment of suc a European Industria Initiatie. An

initia step soud be te estabisment of te Strategic Ocean

Energ Patform tat wi gater ke industria paers and

aciee te critica mass required to set out te industria and

tecnoogica objecties for a joint European Industria Initiatie.

Te estabisment of a Strategic Ocean Energ Patform and a

European Industria Initiatie are terefore te ke recommen-

dations of tis Roadmap. I

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KEY OBJECTIVES OF AEUROPEAN INDUSTRIALINITIATIVE FOR OCEANENERGY

To demonstrate the operational competitiveness

of power generated from ocean energy, to enable

the exploitation of the ocean energy resources,

and to facilitate grid integration of ocean power.

This will be achieved by:

> Continued prototype testing, andinstallation and operation of commercial

scale ocean energy projects.

> Delivery of significant infrastructureand financial support.

> Ensuring grid availability at theinterconnection points of ocean energy

projects and transmission lines.

> Assessing and mapping European oceanenergy resources across Europe and reducingthe forecasting uncertainties of ocean energy

production.

KEY TARGETS:> SATISFYING 15% OF THE EU ENERGY DEMAND> CREATING APPROXIMATIVELY 470,000 NEW JOBS

> AVOIDING 136 MT/MWH OF CO2


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By 2030, 45% additional energywill be required to meet the needs of

the worlds population. Up to 67%of our current electricity comes from

fossil fuel. CO2 emissions could riseby as much as 45%. To face ourenergy challenges, ocean energy

represents a source of energythat is safe, inexhaustible an

entirely predictable.


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imate cange and an

increasing dependenc on

imported energ b te

European Member States

require te compreensie

and ambitious deeopment of renewabe

energ sources. Ocean energ is a

renewabe energ tat as great potentia

for a significant contribution to te

reduction of greenouse gas emissions,

can produce 15% of te European

eectricit mi, offers a oca anddecentraised energ source, creates

word-cass ig-tec industries, and

g en er at es s ig ni fi ca nt e co no mi c

deeopment.

Te European Union (EU) as compeing

reasons for setting up an enabing

framework to promote ocean energ.

To reac te ambitious renewabe energ

targets set b te EU, it is undisputabe

tat ocean energ, being part of te

renewabe energ mi, constitutes a ke

eement of a sustainabe future.

Setting out a long-term visionfor ocean energy

Tis European Ocean Energ Roadmap

sets a ong-term ision for tis emerging

sector. It aims to igigt to poic-

makers at EU and nationa ees tat te

ocean energ sector requires support in

order to aciee i ts potentia and

demonstrate resuts and benefits simiar

to, or better tan oter renewabe energ

sectors. Te Roadmap outines a pat

forward for adancing ocean energ

poicies, markets and tecnoogies. It

furter suggests a egisatie framework

for te promotion and use of ocean

energ in Europe tat wi proide te

business communit wit te ong-term

stabiit it needs to make rationa

inestment decisions in te sector,

proiding European rate-paers wit a

ceaner, more secure and competitie

energ future and economic deeop-

ment.Te Roadmap for te deeopment of te

ocean energ industr in Europe aims to

adance deeopment of ocean energ

tecnoogies, to enabe te epoitation of

ast European resources of wae, tida

and osmotic energ, to faciitate grid

integration of ocean power, and to enabe

te industr to reac 3.6 GW of instaed

capacit b 2020 and cose to 188 GW

b 2050.

Ocean energ represents an untapped

renewabe energ source for Europe. As

te sector continues its deeopment

from te pre-commercia stage, it is abe

to take adantage of certain deeop-

ments offered b te offsore wind

industr, name te infrastructure,

supp cain, grid connection and

understanding of te enironmenta

impacts. In te same wa as offsore

wind became a natura progression of

onsore wind, taking approimate tesame period of time to become

commercia iabe, ocean energ is

projected to foow a simiar deeopment

cce. Furtermore, ocean energ offers

additiona benefits wen compared wit

offsore wind good predictabiit and

forward-ooking forecasting, reduced

isua impact, and potentia iger

oad factors.

/

Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, Article 3-1.

// OCEAN ENERGY HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE TOPLAY IN RESPONSE TO INCREASING ENERGY NEEDS

AND CO2 REDUCTION. //

C

Te scope forocean energy


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_te scope for ocean energy

The need for a EuropeanIndustrial Initiative

It is te opinion of te autors tat a joint

industria/pubic effort, suc as te

estabisment of a European Industria

Initiatie, is critica for te deeopment of

te European ocean energ industr. A

European Industria Initiatie woud bring

togeter te necessar critica mass of

priate/pubic resources to adance te

industr to contribution potentia. Wie

offsore wind coud reac saturation b

around 2035, ocean energ coud

proide continuous epansion of offsore

renewabe energ generation b bringing

on ine approimate 188 GW of instaed

capacit, or 15% of projected European

consumption.

Current a te major utiities are serious

about te deeopment of te European

ocean energ industr and recognise

tat, as te utimate end-customers ofocean energ tecnoog, te ae a

major roe to pa in its ear-stage

deeopment. Major manufacturers are

aso epressing interest in te industr

b inesting direct in tecnoog

deeopment.

Acieing tese objecties presents a

range of caenges. Since te industr is

at a deeopment stage, component

manufacturing, transportation, instaa-

tion, operation and maintenance must be

furter defined. Offsore wind wiproide auabe eperience tat can be

eeraged for te rapid adancement of

ocean energ. In addition, connections to

eectricit networks wi ae to be

panned to enabe te deier of

generated power and te fu operation of

te eectrica networks wit supp from aariabe power source. I

BY 2020, OCEAN ENERGY COULD GENERATE 3.6 GW, OR 9 TWH/Y.ENOUGH TO POWER 1,788,554 THREE-BEDROOM HOMES EVERY YEAR.

ThE EUROPEAN INDUSTRIALINITIATIVE ON OCEAN ENERGY

IS NECESSARY TO:> Integrate previously mapped ocean resources and transmission

capacity potentials in Europe through coordinated campaigns

and to develop spatial planning tools;

> Increase the number of offshore and onshore testing facilitiesto test ocean energy device components, subsystems and

systems;

> Deploy demonstration ocean energy projects with a minimuminstalled capacity of 40 MW;

> Develop new manufacturing processes to reach high volumeproductions;

> Develop installation, operation and maintenancemethodologies to provide further cost reduction;

> Demonstrate grid integration techniques at an industrialscale;

> Establish a comprehensive research programme to constantlyimprove the technical and economic performance of ocean

energy conversion devices, which will serve as a backbone

for the industrys advancement.

Pursuing an ambitious ocean energy policy for Europe would require

taking proactive initiatives at every policy and decision-making level

to provide adequate support for the development of an ocean energy

sector that can become a major contributor to the carbon free society

and energy independence, whilst spurring innovation and economic

development. This Roadmap defines the initial framework for such

initiatives.


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OE Buoy " Sealen", developed by Ocean Energy Ltd. with a financial support from Sustainable Energy Ireland

Seabased, developed by Seabased AB.


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The rapid developmentof ocean energy

technology is moving ittowards an emerging

European industry.

Kobold Turbine, developed by Ponte Di Archimede.


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e European ocean energ

industr is deeoping rapid

wit new paers constant

entering te fied, incuding

increased inoement of

industria organisations. Major utiities

and arge industria companies are now

engaged in a number of projects,

current under deeopment or in te

panning stages. Industria paers and

stabe partnersips ae te capacit to

mobiise te necessar resources toadance tese projects to te

commercia pase.

Forms of ocean energy

Ocean energ resources incude energ

from waes, tides, bot current and

range, ocean currents, temperature

gradients and sainit gradients (osmotic).

Te best ocean energ resources witin

te European Member States are wae,

tida current and tida range. Sstemsdeeoped for aresting tese resources

ae seen te most tecnoogica

adancement.

Wae energ as te argest potentia in

Europe and wordwide and can be

captured in a number of different was

incuding troug point absorbers,

attenuators, oertopping, osciating wae

surge conertors, and osciating water

coumns.

Tese state-of-te art tecnoogies can

be demonstrated at fu scae.

Seera tida pants are in te panning

pase witin te European Union,

ocated at suitabe estuaries and tida

agoons. Tese tida barrage instaations

consist of dams and reseroirs wit te

same operationa principe as conen-

tiona dro power pants.

A number of piot tida stream projects

are under deeopment to find te most

cost effectie metod for generation,instaation and maintenance.

Osmotic sstems are being deeoped in

Norwa and in te Neterands. Ocean

terma resources are aaiabe in a few

European countries in addition to

oerseas territories ocated coser to te

Equator.

Te atest pubication of te STATE OF

ThE ART OF OCE AN ENE RGy ,

produced b te European Ocean Energ

Association on an annua basis and

aaiabe on te Associations website,

proides more in-dept anasis of ocean

energ tecnoogica adancements.

European stakeoders are deeoping

seera different wae and tida energ

sstems. Specific deeopment zones,

incuding testing faciities, grid infra-

structure and icensing rounds are

aaiabe to deeopers in Ireand,

Norwa, Denmark, te UK, Portuga,

Finand, Spain, France and Ita.

Ocean energy is ready for

large scale installations

It is epected tat once sstems ae

demonstrated teir operationa perfor-

mance and suriabiit in te fied,

ocean energ wi be read to adance to

arge-scae pre-commercia instaations.

Suc projects wi require pooed

resources from te financia communit,

arge industria paers, end-users and

te pubic, in order to sare te burden ofnew tecnoogica deeopments.

/

Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, Article 3-1.

// OCEAN ENERGY RESOURCES INCLUDE WAVES,TIDES, BOTH CURRENT AND RANGE, OCEAN CURRENTS,TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS AND SALINITY GRADIENTS

(OSMOTIC). //

T

Ocean energyin Europe


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SYNERGIES WIThRENEWABLE ENERGYSOURCES

Wave Dragon - Wave Dragon is a floating, slack-moored energyconverter of the overtopping type that can be deployed in a single unit or in arrays

of Wave Dragon units in groups resulting in a power plant with a capacitycomparable to traditional fossil based power plant. Wave Dragon has applied fordeploying a 7 MW device of the coast of Wales, UK in 2011.Source: www.wavedragon.net

Wave Dragon, developed by Wave Dragon ApS.

Pulse tidal, developed by IT Power.

Pulse tidal - Twin hydrofoils positionedacross the tidal flow are pushed up or down by movingwater according to the angle of the foil in the water.This movement drives a conventional generatorsituated above the water surface. Pulse Tidal issupported by Marubeni Corporation, it Power ascompany shareholders.Source: www.pulsegeneration.co.uk/?q=node/34

To accelerate the development of, and penetration into, the European energy market,

ocean energy can take advantage of lessons learnt from other sectors that have developed

market viability. These should be integrated as a path to overcoming both technological

and non-technological barriers and to facilitate the sector's development.

Other sectors of renewable energy production, in particular

offshore wind and hydro, share some technical similarities and

have to address similar issues relating to permiting or grid

connection as those encountered by ocean energy.

> Grid connection issues are common to most forms ofrenewable energy plant, in particular offshore wind which

requires major investment for infrastructure upgrades.

> Offshore wind, wave and tidal energy in particular sharesynergies in relation to governmental marine policies, marine

stakeholders and spatial constraints. More specifically, ocean

energy development should be included in maritime spatial

planning, which is taking place increasingly at a European

level.

> Ocean energy technologies (especially tidal range) rely on civilengineering and fabrication techniques that are commonly

used in the shipbuilding industry and the offshore oil and

gas sector.5

> Within a much longer-term view, ocean energy power plantscould be used for the production of drinking water through

desalinisation. This could be a major asset for local

populations that have limited access to drinking water, in

particular in Mediterranean and tropical countries. Some

studies suggest that a 2 MW power plant could produce4,300 cubic meters of desalinated water for drinking and

irrigation each day.6 This process has been reported particularly

for ocean thermal energy conversion, but could possibly be

extended to other technologies.

State of the art

Europe as recent eperienced a number

of projects were deeopers ae been

supported b big utiities. Te eampes

seen beow sowcase some of tese

adancements.


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5.http://www.hydro-gen.fr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&Itemid=46.http://www.nrel.gov/otec/desalination.html7.http://www.nrel.gov/otec/refrigeration.html8.http://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=251073098469.http://www.hydro-gen.fr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1&Itemid=2&lang=en

SeaGen - Tidal turbines work much like submergedwindmills, but driven by flowing water rather than air. They can beinstalled in the sea at places with high tidal current velocities, or

in places with fast enough continuous ocean currents. MarineCurrent Turbines is supported in part by EDF and ESBInternational, both European utilities.Source: www.marineturbines.com/21/technology/

> Looking further into the future, ocean energy could be usedfor heating and cooling of buildings near the coastline. This

possible synergy would require further investigation, as little

research has yet been carried out, apart from in the field of

ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), where pumping cold

water from the depths of the ocean could enable cheap

refrigeration and environment-friendly air-conditioning.7

> Early stage research is underway to develop a new generationof bio-fuels that will come from algae cultivated in the ocean.

Ocean energy devices could potentially be used to grow these

new bio-fuels.8 Furthermore, electricity produced from the

ocean could be used to produce hydrogen from seawater,

which could also be used as a fuel for vehicles replacing oil. 9

Finally, other applications of ocean energy production should

be researched, as they may constitute important opportunities

for future development of the sector.

Statkraft - Freshwater and salt water are channelledinto separate chambers, separated by an artificial membrane.The salt molecules in the seawater draw the freshwaterthrough the membrane by osmosis, causing the pressureon the seawater side to increase to the equivalent of a120 metres waterfall. This pressure can be used in a turbineto make electricity.Source: www.statkraft.com/energy-sources/osmotic-power/osmotic-power-in-brief/

Osmotic Power Prototype, developed by Statkraft.

Seagen, developed by Marine Current Turbines.


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Ocean energybrings security of

supply, innovationand economic

development.

Full scale Oyster prototype at the fabrication yard.


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_an ocean of benefits

0.1% OF THE THEORETICAL POTENTIAL FOR ALL OCEAN ENERGYTECHNOLOGIES IS ESTIMATED AT OVER 5 TIMES THE CURRENTGLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION.

On te oter and, as ong as ocean

energ contributes approimate on

1% to te tota eectricit consumption,

tis can be ignored.

A diversified, local energy mix

Ocean energ can contribute to te EU

oera targets of proiding a more

diersified energ mi b using a oca

aaiabe, renewabe energ source.

A diersified energ mi, bot geo-

grapica and tecnoogica, can

resoe te issue of ariabiit. Ocean

energ can bring added aue to te

European Union's energ mi. Indeed, it

as been estabised tat wind andocean energ are compementar. A

recent Renewabe UK stud concuded

tat diersifing te renewabe energ

mi b incuding a greater proportion of

marine energ woud reduce require-

ments for resere capacit and ead to

annua saings in reation to te annua

woesae cost of eectricit.11

Towards a knowledge-basedeconomy

Ocean energ tecnoogies are at te

forefront of innoation. Een tecnoogies

tat ae been used in marine

appications require furter deeopment

and testing in order to optimise teir use

in ocean energ deices.

Te European Union committed to

deeoping innoation and competitie-

ness as te basis of te continent's

econom at te lisbon European Counci

in 2000. It cas for estabising te most

dnamic and knowedge-based econom

in te word capabe of sustainabe

economic growt wit more and better

jobs and greater socia coesion and

respect12 witin te European Union.

Promoting ocean energ is in ine wit te

lisbon Strateg:

First, te deeopment of state-of-te-

art tecnoogies for arnessing

ocean energ supports a knowedge-

based econom, positioning te EU to

deeop a strong competitie industr,

and emerge as a word eader.

Second, te deeopment of te

ocean energ sector woud ead to te

creation of a supp cain wic

coud cross te woe of Europe, een

in countries wit no or itte coastine.

Tis woud be a major benefit for te

continent's econom as a woe, and

is again in ine wit te lisbon

Strateg for growt and jobs.

Fina, ocean energ is a renewabe

source of energ tat proides a

contribution to cimate cange

mitigation.

Ocean energ soud be considered a

priorit for European Union poic

makers, as it coud be one of te ke

assets in fufiing te EU goas for te

21st centur.

A new flow of job creation

Ocean energ is we positioned to

contribute to regiona deeopment in

Europe, especia in remote and

coasta areas. Te manufacturing,

transportation, instaation, operation and

maintenance of ocean energ faciities

11. The Benefits of Marine Technologies within a Diversified Renewables Mix, Redpoint Energy Limited for BWEA, April 2009. An annual saving of 0.9bn is equal to 3.3% of

the annual wholesale cost of electricity. These figures are derived from hypothetical years in the future, with annual demands of 400TWh, of which 39% is met by generation

of renewables. These savings are derived from a 60/40 percentage split of wind/marine energy.12. Lisbon European Council 23-24 March 2000 Presidency Conclusions

Fig. 1 JOB CREATION PER MW OF OCEAN ENERGYINSTALLED CAPACITY

5

4

3

2

1

0

4

3

2

1

0

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m.&mana

geme

nt

Devic

esupply

Foun

datio

nsupply

Offsh

ore

electric

alsupply

Farm

monit

oring

syste

m

Insta

llatio

n

Onsh

ore


19/36

europeanocean

energyassociation

18-19

roadmap

DEVELOPING OCEAN ENERGY TO 3.6 GW COULD BRING40,000 NEW JOBS. MORE PEOPLE THAN THE WHOLE

EUROPEAN COMMISSION IN BRUSSELS.

13. Batten, W. M. J & Bahaj, A. B.: An assessment of growth scenarios and implications for ocean energy industries in Europe, Sustainable Energy Research Group, School of

Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Report for CA-ocean energy, Project no. 502701, WP5, 2006, 9 pp14. Ibid, p. 44

wi generate reenue and empoment.

For eampe, te Scottis Goernments

Marine Energ Group Roadmap suggests

tat te marine energ industr coud

proide up to 12,500 jobs, contributing

2.5 biion to te Scottis econom b

2020. Te instaation of one fu-scae

wae energ deice in te Orkne Isands

in Scotand as resuted in direct spend

of more tan 1miion in te oca

econom.

Studies13 suggest tat ocean energ as a

significant potentia for positie economic

impact and job creation as presented in

Figure 1.

It is anticipated tat approimate 10 to

12 direct and indirect jobs woud be

created for eac MW of ocean energ

instaed.14

Paraes can aso be drawn wit te

growt of te wind industr. Eport of

cean tecnoog now accounts for

7.1 biion annua in Denmark, wie in

German eport of wind tecnoog aone

is wort oer 5.1 biion.

Based on te projections for instaed

capacit, as stated in Tabe 1 (page 6), b

2020 te ocean energ sector wigenerate oer 26,000 direct and 13,000

indirect jobs, for a tota of cose to

40,000. B 2050 tese numbers woud

increase to 314,213, 157,107 and

471,320 respectie. I

Oyster device being hausted by the heavy lift sheerleg crane to take out to sea.


20/36

In 2050 electricityproduction from ocean

energy could reach645 TWh the equivalent

of 100 nuclear plants.


21/36

n 2007 te countries of te European

Union consumed 2,926 TW of

eectricit.15 Ocean energ generation

as a potentia to reac 3.6 GW of

instaed capacit b 2020 and cose

to 188 GW b 2050 (Figure 2). Tis

represents oer 9 TW/ ear b 2020 and

oer 645 TW/ear b 2050, amounting to

0.3% and 15% of te projected EU-27

eectricit demand b 2020 and 2050

respectie.

Te potentia growt of ocean energ

instaed generating capacit depends on

seera factors suc as tecnoogica

readiness, poitica and economic support

structures and incenties, and aaiabiit

of te grid.

Ocean energ resources are aaiabe in

EU Member States aong te Atantic Arc,

te Mediterranean Sea and te Nort Sea.

As suc, fourteen EU Member States and

two Associated countries wi be actie

inoed in te deeopment of te ocean

energ industr. At tis point Begium,

Denmark, Finand, France, Greece,

Ireand, Ita, te Neterands, Portuga,

Spain, Sweden, Norwa, and te United

Kingdom are actie inoed in

tecnoog and project deeopment.

Countries suc as German, Poand and

Switzerand are inoed as component

suppiers and as financia inestors.Te numbers presented aboe are

acieabe targets for ocean energ at te

European ee. Te Frenc Goernment

as recent announced an objectie of

800 MW of instaed ocean energ b

2020.16 Te Scottis Marine Energ Group

as proposed a scenario of 2 GW of

instaed capacit b te same date. Simiar

targets are being deeoped in te UK,

Ireand and oter EU Member States wit

ocean energ resources. Tis indicates

tat stated targets are bot poiticaacceptabe and acieabe. (Figure 4)

// THE POTENTIAL GROWTH OF OCEAN ENERGYINSTALLED CAPACITY DEPENDS ON TECHNOLOGICAL

READINESS, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT, ANDAVAILABILITY OF THE GRID. //

europeanocean

energyassociation

20-21

roadmap

Markets sail to ocean energy'strue potential

15. The World Fact Book (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2042rank.html)16. http://www.greenunivers.com/2009/07/grenelle-mer-gossement-9677/

I

Figure 2 PROJECTED OCEAN ENERGY INSTALLED CAPACITY

200

180

160

140

120

10080

60

40

20

0

3.6 GW

188 GW

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050


22/36

_markets sail to ocean energy's true potential

TIDAL ENERGY COULDPROVIDE A SOURCE OF

STABLE AND PREDICTABLE

ELECTRICITY TWICE A DAY.

OSMOTIC AND OCEAN THERMALENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES

COULD BE PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

AT ALL TIMES OF DAY AND NIGHT.

Ocean energy can grow at thesame speed as wind

Te 2009 European Wind Energ

Associat ion report OCEANS OFOPPORTUNITIES indicates tat offsore

wind growt is foowing a simiar

depoment rate cure as tat of onsore

wind (Figure 3) if tis atter cure is

proper dispaced on te time ais. Tis is

important wen predicting te possibe

cumuatie depoed growt for ocean

energ.

Tis istorica wind growt rate can be

etrapoated to project a simiar growt

rate for ocean energ as for te offsore

wind sector.

Te onsore wind supp cain grew wit

te growt of te industr. Te offsore

wind industr benefits from te eisting

onsore wind and offsore oi and gas

supp cain, wit te eception ofdedicated, epensie instaation esses

tat are in sort supp. Furtermore

onsore wind (and to some etent offsore

wind) started in a reatie sma number

of countries.

Te nationa targets presented in Figure 4

indicate tat a significant number of EU

Member States ae estabised targets

for ocean energ. Tese targets, te

aaiabiit of test sites for prototpe

deeopment, te instaation of ocean

energ demonstration farms in EU

Member States and in Norwa, as we as

past depoments, indicate supp cain

deeopment and market readiness. I

WAVE ENERGY HASTHE LARGEST POTENTIAL

IN EUROPE ANDWORLDWIDE.

Armoured sub sea cables.

Figure 3 ONSHORE, OFFSHORE WIND & OCEAN ENERGYPROJECTED GROWTH

Onshore wind

Offshore wind

Ocean energy

Cumulativeinstalledcapacity(GW)

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

150

100

50

0


23/36

europeanocean

energyassociation

22-23

roadmap

NATIONAL TARGETS FOR OCEAN ENERGY IN EUROPEFigure 4

Ireland

0,5 GWin 2020

Denmark

0,5 GWin 2020

France

0,8 GWin 2020

Spain (Basque)

0,1 GWin 2010Portugal

0,3 GWin 2020

United Kingdom

2,0 GWin 2020

Spain (Canary isl.)

0,5 GWin 2015


24/36

To achieve oceanenergy's true potential,

existing barriers needto be eliminated as

rapidly as possible.


25/36

// HINDRANCES TO THE YOUNG INDUSTRY HAVE BEENORGANISED IN FOUR CATEGORIES: POLICY, MARKETS, R&D,AND ENVIRONMENTAL & PERMITING PRACTICES. //

europeanocean

energyassociation

24-25

roadmap

Callenges& opportunities

e ocean energ industr is at te forefront of

industria deeopment. Recent initiaties

trougout te EU geared towards cean energ

generation ae created significant opportunities

for te ocean energ sector. Tese programs are

main inked to European and nationa commitments to

promote cean energ generating tecnoogies to assist EU

Member States in reducing te generation of greenouse

gasses and reduce teir dependenc on imported energ.

A number of barriers inder te abiit of ocean energ to reac

its true potentia. If te ocean energ industr is to deeop to

te ees enisioned b te EU Member States, tese barriers

need to be eiminated as quick as possibe. Suc barriers

incude siting and icensing issues, access to project finance,

competitie non discriminator access to te grid, skied

personne and management, tecnoogica deeopment, ack

of standards and certification, as we as supp cain and

enironmenta issues.

Te caenges and opportunities ae been organised into four

categories:

Poic

Markets & Access to Financia Resources

Researc and Deeopment

Enironmenta Requirements and Permiting Practices

PoicAccording to the European Commission, the 20% binding target by 2020 implies that 35%

of electricity has to be generated from renewable energy sources. This number increases in

percentage terms beyond 2020, the time frame when ocean energy is poised to make a

significant contribution. Strong policy measures are required to achieve these contributions.

T

For some EU Member States, ocean

energ represents a significant source ofrenewabe energ. In order to deeop, te

sector needs consistent poices. Tese

incude te aaiabiit of financia support

mecanisms, notab reenue incenties

and capita funding at European and

nationa ees, streamined icensing and

permiting procedures, as we as strong

poitica commitment to support te

adancement of ocean energ.

Opportunities

Establishing a European policyframework for ocean energy

To guarantee inestor confidence and to

deeop ocean energ demonstration

instaations, te sector needs a strong and

stabe poitica framework. Te frameworksoud be based on te foowing

principes: egisation and poic

(specifica pament mecanisms), grid

access, enironmenta poicies and R&D

programs. Suc a framework wi support

te EU Member States tat ae incuded

ocean energ in teir nationa action pans

containing sector targets and quantifi-

cation of te epected contribution of

ocean energ power. Te framework

soud proide a means to deeop ocean

energ power effectie and incude: A streamined approac to accessing

financing mecanisms and scemes;

Te need for ong-term grid access

panning;

Te importance of more efficient

consent procedures wic buid onpast eperience and are in proportion

to te scae of te project;

Te estabisment and use of marine

spatia panning to identif optima

instaation sites.

Furtermore, tere is a need for increased

cooperation troug working groups from

pubic administrations and te ocean

energ industr to identif potentia

barriers and imitations and to suggest

measures to remoe tese.


26/36

The supply chain in regions with ocean

energy - the Atlantic Arch, the North

Sea and the Mediterranean

Deeopment of a commercia ocean

energ industr wi require estabismentof a secure supp cain. Te needs of

te sector soud be incuded in supp

cain pans for future growt. Togeter,

EU Member States bordering on te

Atantic Ocean, te Nort Sea and te

Mediterranean soud address te needs

of an ocean energ sector supp cain

capabe of supporting European needs.

Tis soud focus on knowedge transfer

from eisting supp cains, notab

tose of te oi and gas sector.

Regulations, governmental and

European policies

Acieing a mature, cost-competitie

ocean energ industr wi require

tecnoogica adancement and poicies

tat support creation of te new industr.

Man of te caenges require an

integrated approac. Pubic acceptance of

ocean energ faciities can on be

acieed wit a streamined and

transparent icensing and permiting

process tat ensures pubic benefit from

te use of te resource.Gien te cross-border nature of ocean

energ, its deeopment wi interact wit

European poicies deaing wit spatia

panning. In particuar, te impact of

maritime and spatia panning poicies on

ocean energ needs to be addressed ear

on. Poicies regarding sipping and

naigation wi ae to take ocean energ

into account and EU Member States wi

ae to decide ow te wis to manage

te interaction between te new industr

and teir nationa securit needs.

Planning for the ocean energy industry

in relation to other established uses of

the sea

Wie poicies for oter industria uses of te

sea (e.g. offsore oi and gas deeopment,

sipping, fising, aquacuture, etc.) are we

estabised, ocean energ represents an

uncarted territor for reguators and poic

makers. Reguator bodies ae been using

eisting reguator frameworks to permit

proposed ocean energ projects, but

additiona strategic panning and resourcemanagement strategies are needed to

address te specific requirements of a

commercia ocean energ industr.

Time inoement of te Transmission

Sstem Operators, eat and safet bodies,

and enironmenta autorities are among

te ke eements for te success of future

ocean energ instaations. In addition,

cooperation wit eisting sea users is

required to minimise conficts and

empasise te snergies and opportunities

proided b ocean energ. Tese industries

aso ae ke eperience and epertise tat

te ocean energ sector needs to deeop

cost effectie and safe. Simpified and

streamined processes and procedures for

te consent and permiting of ocean energ

instaations soud form te basis for ocean

energ poicies.

As wit an new industr sector, ocean

energ as et to reac maturit. Ocean

energ is read for te instaation of

demonstration and pre-commerciaprojects tat represent ig-risk

inestments and uncertain returns. Tis

requires risk saring between te priate

and te pubic sector.

After demonstration and pre-commercia

pases of deeopment, ocean energsstems wi be abe to secure financing

based on reenue support wen output

can be predicted. Eentua ocean energ

instaations wi be abe to aai temsees

of project financing mecanisms. At te

same time, supp cain companies wi beabe to pan for te upcoming require-

ments of ocean energ sstems.

_callenges & opportunities

MarketAchieving 3.6 GW of installed capacity by 2020 and approximately 188 GW by 2050

represents a high potential and, at the same time, significant challenge. Ocean energy systems

will have to be fabricated, transported, installed, operated and maintained. The industrial sector,

utilities and financial markets are starting to plan for this potential and to address these

challenges. In particular the market will need to be prepared to invest the sums required to

develop ocean energy projects of 100 MW over the next decade.


27/36

europeanocean

energyassociation

26-27

roadmap

A recent pubised report b

RenewabeUK (ThE NExT STEPS AN

INDUSTRy RESPONSE TO ThE MARINE

ENERGy ACTION PlAN17) proides a

proposa of ow ocean energ coudpotentia be made more attractie to te

inestment communit:

Reenue incenties are important;

oweer te are current insufficient and

wi not work in isoation from capita

support measures in te ear stages of

industr growt.

Reenue incenties are powerfu

were energ production can be predicted

reasonab accurate. Wen marine

energ deices become read for

depoment in sma arras, reenue

incenties pa an important part in

making te projects economica iabe

and offset operation and maintenance

cost risk.

Een wit sufficient reenue incentie,

an upfront capita grant wi aso be

required to de-risk inestment in te first

arras. Under tis scenario, a marine

energ project starts to become attractie

to utiities. To secure inestment from

utiities, ocean energ offerings ae to be

on a par wit aternatie options. In

particuar, deice manufacturers ae tobe abe to offer potentia utiit inestors:

a) sufficient operating eperience to offer

guarantees in performance and reiabiit

and b) inoement of major manu-

facturers abe to underpin tese

guarantees bot tecnica and

financia.

OpportunitiesEstablishing stable, long-term markets

for ocean energy in Europe.

EU Member States and te European

Commission must work togeter to ensuretat te market for ocean energ in

Europe is stabe wit a ong-term ision.

Coordination of poicies to support te

sector is necessar to aow inestments to

be made, een at tis ear stage of

deeopment, b encouraging priate/

pubic partnersips. EU Member States

must coordinate te reguator and market

conditions to faciitate te adancement

from pre-commercia to commercia

ocean energ instaations tat deier

energ to te European grid.

Establishing the supply chain

for a timely and sustainable flow

of projects.

From initia site seection to deice

instaation and operation, te ocean

energ industr coers a wide range of

discipines, epertise and industria

sectors. Eac tpe of instaation, from

offsore instaations at 50 - 60 metres in

dept to sore-based or near-sore

sstems, wi present its own specific

caengesTis wi ca on epertise from adjacent

industries, suc as offsore oi and gas

and te offsore wind sector, for

construction and maintenance at sea

requiring speciaised equipment and

epertise. A te paers ae to pan and

inest to meet te caenge of arge-scae

ocean energ depoment.

Grid accessibility

In te same wa as oter decentraised

renewabe energ resources, ocean

energ faces a ack of adequate grid

access. Te sector needs to engage in teongoing diaog on te deeopment of te

European grid for offsore energ sources.

Creating comparable European training

and qualification standards to ensure

sufficient workforce capacity and

human resources, and to increase cross

border cooperation.

New requirements regarding empoee

quaifications in te areas of project

management, nationa and internationa

aw, quait assurance, occupationa

eat and safet, and tecnica Engis

are eident in amost a sectors of te

aue-added cain. Deficits in te

European market can be attributed to a

ack of compatabiit and transferabiit

of nationa professiona quaifications,

certificates and standards.

Work initiated b te Internationa

Eectrotecnica Commission (IEC)

Tecnica Committee 11418 on Marine

Energ in 2007 wi ead to te

deeopment of internationa standards for

ocean energ sstems. Work in progresson ocean energ sstems incudes:

reeant terminoog, design requirements,

resource caracterisation and its

assessment, and te eauation of

performance of ocean energ conerters

in te open sea.

17. http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/uk_supply/energy_mix/renewable/explained/wave_tidal/funding/marine_action_/marine_action_.aspx18. http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=102:17:0::::FSP_SEARCH_TC:114


28/36

_callenges & opportunities

OpportunitiesConducting research programmes

through dedicated joint calls

organised by the EU, encouraging

demonstration programmes of

full-scale projects, coastal onshore

prototype test sites and facilities

Oer te ast few ears, a number of rea

sea test sites ae eiter come on ine or

are in te process of being deeoped in

Europe. Tese incude te European

Marine Energ Centre (EMEC) in Scotand,

Wae hub in Engand, Bemuet in

Ireand. Tese test sites are intended to

proide support infrastructure and aid

prototpe depoment. Few deeopers,

oweer, ae been abe to take

adantage of tese test sites due to te

ack of adequate priate finance and

pubic support mecanisms.Onsore testing faciities tat can proide

tank testing and acceerated ife-time

assessment are essentia in de-risking

te tecnoog.

A European Industria Initiatie coud be

a mecanism for securing ong-term

pubic-priate partnersips. Suc an

initiatie coud acceerate te pace of

innoation and address te fragmentation

of te market and R&D efforts across

Europe priate and pubic b means

of a common and compeing StrategicResearc Agenda. One of te first steps

in tis initiatie coud be pan-European

demonstration projects funded part b

te EU and interested EU Member States

aongside industr.

Increasing ocean energy R&D support

at EU and national levels

Coaboratie efforts and increasing

targeted EU and nationa funds are

crucia for adancing ocean energ

tecnoog. It is ita tat suitabe

resources are put into R&D at bot EU

and EU Member State ee. Coordination

between EU and nationa researc

programmes and between arious stake-

oders, suc as researc institutes,

uniersities, industr and consutanc

firms, soud be encouraged and

supported.

Te strategic researc agenda for ocean

energ soud be deeoped to guide

R&D ef fort s in te k e ar eas o f:a) components and power take-off;

b) depoment and instaation metods;

and c) deeopment of design, operation

and maintenance toos; wit an objectie

of tecnoogica adancement from R&D

to demonstration, pre-commercia and,

fina, to commerciaisation.

Te European Commission must take

in to a cc oun t sec tor o pi nio ns in

formuating its R&D priorities for ocean

energ.

Increasing R&D cooperation between

industries and with

public authorities

Te European Industria Initiatie as to

ae a strategic goa to enance coope-

ration between te arious stakeoders.

Te strategic researc agenda, wic

forms te basis of te European

Industria Initiatie, and te market

depoment strateg wi incude te ong-

term priorities of resource assessment

and forecasting, ocean energ integration

wit te grid, offsore depoment,

operations and maintenance, eectricit

market eoution, poic recommenda-

tions, ong-term reenue support

mecanisms and enironmenta impact

assessment optimisation.

Increasing cooperation between

national and European technology

platforms

Seera EU Member States, incuding te

UK, Ireand, Denmark, Sweden, Spain,

Portuga and German, ae conducted

compreensie researc programmes on

ocean energ. Tese initiaties wi need

to be integrated into te Europe-wide

strategic researc agenda and impe-

mented troug te European Industria

Initiatie.

Researc &

Deeopment

Ocean energy technologies are advancing toward a larger scale. Research

is needed to enable cost effective, large-scale deployment of these

technologies. In 2009, the European Ocean Energy Association

conducted a workshop to define R&D priorities. The prime focus of all

R&D efforts for ocean energy should be to advance technological

development to pilot installations and demonstration projects that, in

turn, allow collection of field data for further research and development.

Sabella SAS. Developed by Hydrohelix Energies.


29/36

europeanocean

energyassociation

28-29

roadmap

Assessing enironmenta impact is bot a

time-consuming and epensie process.

Atoug ocean energ is beieed to be

an enironmenta-friend tecnoog, it

is noneteess not possibe at tis stage

to precise assess a te possibe

impacts from te arious tecnoogies.

An effectie wa of impementing

maritime spatia panning at EU ee

soud foow te ROADMAP FOR

MARITIME SPATIAl PlANNING:

AChIEvING COMMON PRINCIPlES IN

ThE EU deeoped b te European

Commission. Ocean energ deeopment

needs to be considered togeter wit

oter users of space in order to imit

conficts in use and to increase pubic

support for tese promising tecnoogies.

Een before ocean energ farms are

constructed, tere are a considerabenumber of issues to be resoed

regarding site seection, incuding ega

rigts and coasta zoning.

Beond tecnica and economic issues,

te sustainabiit of te ocean energ

industr soud take into account

enironmenta compatibiit and impact

mitigation as ig design priorities, and

improement in te understanding of te

interactions between ocean energ

sstems and marine ecosstems.

Demonstrating te compatibiit of oceanenerg sstems wit ecoogica sstems

and uman uses of te ocean wi be

required for ocean energ deeopment

to proceed wit te necessar pubic

support.

OpportunitiesEU Member States should

strive for common regulatory

regime and legislative framework

for coastal areas

A stabe, predictabe poic framework is

er important for an emerging industr

as it reduces risk and promotes priate

inestment.

Te sea as no borders, atoug EU

Member States ae teir own sstems of

seabed ownersip and reguation. Tere

is a requirement for a common under-

standing and appication of eisting EU

enironmenta reguations to ensure tatrues are appied consistent. Tis wi

aow project deeopers to predict wit

confidence weter a particuar project

can be undertaken in an enironmenta

acceptabe manner.

Establishment and implementation

of marine spatial planning

Suitabe areas and ocations for ocean

energ in te marine enironment ma

compete wit oter uses of te sea, suc

as nature conseration, fiseries,transport, tourism and miitar interests.

To aciee optima site seection, marine

spatia panning instruments are needed

to ep resoe potentia conficts and

reguate te competing uses of te seas

troug a transparent decision-making

process.

Expanding existing cooperation

on environmental research to

more EU Member States

Te bod of knowedge on te impact of

ocean energ on te marine enironment

is sti er imited. It is important tat

eisting and generated knowedge in

different EU Member States is sared

efficient, so tat researc is not

dupicated and best practices can be

disseminated quick.

Te scope of cooperation on eniron-

menta issues coud be widened toincude tecnoogica-orientated aspects.

Te impacts of suc initiaties soud be

fu inestigated. I

Enironment

& Panning

Ocean energy systems are anticipated to have negligible

environmental impact. However, they may have an impact on

the fishing and shipping industries by creating restrictions

around ocean energy installations.


30/36

A European IndustrialInitiative would bring togetherthe necessary critical mass of

private/public resources to

advance the industry to fullcommercialisation.


31/36

// A JOINT PRIVATE/PUBLIC EFFORT IS CRITICALFOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN OCEANENERGY INDUSTRY. //

europeanocean

energyassociation

30-31

roadmap

European industrialinitiative

n Noember 2007, te European

Commission adopted a proposa

for a European strategic energ

t ec no og p a n to e p t e

European Union position itsef to

deeop tecnoogies needed to meet its

poitica objecties and to ensure its

companies can benefit from te

opportunities of a new approac to

energ.

Tis pan stated, among oters, te need

to create European Industria Initiaties

to strengten energ researc and

innoation b bringing togeter appro-

priate resources and actors in a particuar

industria sector.

It is te opinion of te European Ocean

Energ Association (EU-OEA) tat suc

an initiatie is critica for te deeopment

of te European ocean energ industr as

it woud bring togeter te necessar

critica mass of priate/pubic resources

to adance te industr to fu

commerciaisation.

Te European Industria Initiatie for

ocean energ coud be summarized in

four areas: objecties, actions to be

taken, estimated costs and strategic ke

performance indicators.

Strategic objective

To demonstrate operationa competiti-

eness of power generated from ocean

energ, to enabe te epoitation of

ocean energ resources, and to faciitateintegration of ocean power into te grid.

Industrial sector objective

To insta 3.6 GW of generating capacit

from ocean energ sstems b 2020,

competing te ke miestones in Figure 5,

and to reac 188 GW of instaed capacit

b 2050.

Technology objectives

1. Installation of ocean energy

generating facilities with a

combined minimum capacity

of more than 240 MW:

- deeop arge-scae (MW ee)

ocean energ conersion deices.

- improe power output, suriabiit,

and mean time between faiures

troug second-generation designs,

contros and monitoring sstems.

- deeop manufacturing processes

troug cross-industria cooperation

wit te maritime and offsore oi

and gas sectors.

- deeop cost-effectie ogistics

tecniques for transportation,

instaation, operation and mainte-

nance of ocean energ deice

sstems at ig resource sites.

2. Support for infrastructure

and test sites:

- deeop and/or refine test sites

for testing ocean energ conersion

deices in rea operating

enironments.

- deeop financia support

mecanisms to aow te use of

eisting centres for testing new

prototpes.

- deeop support infrastructure,

esses and supp cain for cost-

effectie instaation of ocean energ

faciities.

3. Grid availability and integration

of a variable electricity supply

- ensure grid aaiabiit for ocean

energ faciities at interconnection

points and transmission ines.

4. Resource assessment and spatial

planning to support ocean energy

deployment.

- assess and map ocean resources

across Europe and reduce

forecasting uncertainties of ocean

energ production.

- deeop spatia panning

metodoogies and toos taking into

account enironmenta and socia

aspects.

- address and anase socia

acceptance of ocean energ projects

incuding promotion of best

practices.

I


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_European Industrial Initiative

2010 2012 2015 2017 2020

1.Ocean energy

devices &generating

facilities

2.Financial support,

infrastructureand test sites

3.Grid

Integration

4.Enable oceanenergy

deployment

Development and testing of ocean energyplants of at least 40MW

Implementation of testing facilities for demo of MWscale ocean energy conversion devices

Demonstration of cost-effective logistics tecniques

Development of support infrastructure to testcomponents, subsystems and systems

Establis financial mecanisms to support testing oceanenergy devices

Clearly defined revenue support for commercial scaleocean energy projects.

Coordinate grid connection availability

Integration wit large scale storage systems & hVDC/hVACinterconnections

Conduct marine spatial planning analysis

Ocean energy resource/gridavailability campaign

Results of public acceptance analysis

Statistical forecast of ocean energyresources & energy production

EU spatial planning implemented

Support infrastructure operational

Installation tecniques for oceanenergy facilities

Testing anddemo

Additional facilitiesfor demo

R&D program focused on development of MW scale ocean energy conversion devices

Publication of EU 27 Ocean EnergyAtlas (wave, tidal, osmotic)

Installed 6 ocean energy generatingfacilities of at least 40MW

6 fully operational gridconnected installations

OCEAN ENERGY ROADMAPFigure 5


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Te EU-OEA as committed itsef to supporting and faciitating te deeopment of suc an European

Industria Initiatie. An initia step soud be te estabisment of te Strategic Ocean Energ Patform tat

wi gater ke industria actors and aciee te critica mass required to set out te industria and

tecnoogica objecties for a joint European Industria Initiatie.

Te estabisment of a European Industria Initiatie and a Strategic Ocean Energ Patform are terefore te

ke recommendations of tis Roadmap. I

ESTIMATED COSTS TO REACH 240 MW OF INSTALLED CAPACITY

STRATEGIC KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Ocean energy installations delivering 9 TWh to the European grid by 2020.

Tecnology objectives Estimated Estimated EuropeanTotal Cost (M) Commission

Contribution (M)

1. Install at least 240MW of ocean energy generation capacity 2000 700

2. Develop/operate/support use of ocean energy test sites 300 150

3. Grid integration & revenue support mecanisms 250 100

4. R&D 100 50

Total 2 650 1 000

Activities Strategic key performance indicators

1. New MW range devices and components Individual ocean energy devices are able to produce > 1MW

of power by 2020

Transportation costs for ocean energy systems are reduced

by 10% and compared to oil and gas industry, by 50% by 2020

2. Ocean energy generating tecnologies Survivability and service life increased to matc te

offsore oil & gas sectors.

Installation costs of ocean energy systems reduced by 30%

by 2020 compared to te offsore oil & gas sectors.

Maintenance costs of ocean energy systems reduced by 50%

by 2020 compared to initial installations.

3. Grid integration Identified grid connection points/constraints wit at least

five EU Member States

4. Resource assessment and spatial planning Ocean resources and conditions capable of being predicted

wit a sufficient certainty to secure project finance.

_European Industrial Initiative


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europeanocean

energyassociation

34-35

roadmap

European Ocean Energ AssociationRenewabe Energ house

Rue d'Aron 63 - 65, B-1040 Brusses, BegiumTe.: +32 (0)2 400 10 40

E-mai: [email protected]

ttp://www.eu-oea.com


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Its all About te Motion in te Ocean

EUROPEAN

european ocean energy roadmap 2010

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