european space program 50+ years of successful european...

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use

ERTS2 - 2016

K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016

European Space program 50+ years of successful European collaboration

Kjeld Hjortnaes Head of Software Systems Division

ESA/ESTEC

European Space, facts and figures

ERTS2 - 2016 | K. Hjortnaes | Toulouse | 27/01/2016 | Slide 2


• Over 50 years of experience

• 22 Member States

• Eight sites/facilities in Europe, about 2200 staff

• 4.4 billion Euro budget (2015)

• Over 80 satellites designed, tested and operated in flight

• Over 20 scientific satellites in operation

• Six types of launcher developed

ESA FACTS AND FIGURES



“To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful

purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space

applications.”

Article 2 of ESA Convention

PURPOSE OF ESA



ESA has 22 Member States: 18 states of the EU (AT, BE, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, IT, GR, IE, LU, NL, PT, PL, RO, SE, UK) plus Norway and Switzerland. Estonia and Hungary are joining ESA in 2015. Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with ESA: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia and Slovenia. Discussions are ongoing with Croatia. Canada takes part in some programmes under a long-standing Cooperation Agreement.

22 MEMBER STATES



Houston

Washington

Kourou

Moscow

ESA sites/facilities

Offices

ESTEC (Noordwijk)

Brussels ESA HQ (Paris)

Toulouse

ESAC (Madrid) ESRIN

(Rome)

EAC (Cologne)

ESOC (Darmstadt)

ESA’S LOCATIONS

ECSAT (Harwell)

Redu

Salmijaervi (Kiruna)

ESA ground stations

New Norcia

Santa Maria

Cebreros, Villafranca

Oberpfaffenhofen

Maspalomas

Perth Malargüe



Budget 2015 4433.0 M€

ESA 2015 BUDGET BY DOMAIN

Technology support* 2.4%, 105.3 M€

Navigation* 15.0%, 664.5 M€

M€: Million Euro

*includes Programmes implemented for other Institutional Partners

Robotic Exploration & Prodex

3.5%, 155.8 M€

Human Spaceflight 8.4%, 371.4 M€

Launchers 13.7%, 607.7 M€

Telecom & Integrated Applications*

7.0%, 309.2 M€

Earth Observation* 28.3%, 1254.3 M€

Scientific Programme 11.5%, 507.9 M€

Associated with General Budget

4.7%, 209.0 M€

Basic Activities 5.2%, 232.1 M€

European Cooperating States Agreement

(ECSA) 0.05%, 2.0 M€

Space Situational Awareness 0.3%, 13.9 M€



• The ESA space program 4433.0 M€, = 8.84 € / European / year

(Big Mac Eurozone average €3.72 – (Jan-2016))

• The US civil space program 17460 M$ = 54.33$ /American / year

(Big Mac US $4.93 – (Jan-2016)

Civil space program - compared

Source: Economist, Big Mac index 2015



World wide

1. The space economy (2013) worldwide represent 256 billion USD

2. Space manufacturing 84 billion USD

Source: OECD, the Space Economy 2014



Governmental budgets - World vide

• The US gov. space budget (civil + defense) is larger than the rest of the world – together

• Only 3 countries spent more than 0.1% of GDP (US(0.23%), RUS(0.25), F(0.1%) of the GDP in 2013)

Source: Statista 2016



investment in space applications

1$=6.58 CNY)



Scientific output.



… and in which areas



…and by country



… by centers



Esa’s technology program

1. Enabling ESA future science and service driven missions, launchers and infrastructure, but also fostering innovation and technical excellence, assuring

a. non-dependence on critical space technologies .

b. transferring technology from space to non-space applications (‘spin-off’),

c. bringing innovations from outside the space sector to use in the design of new space systems (‘spin-in’)

2. Improve the way we deliver space systems

a. Develop the technology to make it possible.

b. Support European Space Industry in its competiveness in a world market



Trends/Needs in European Space

Examples from systems and avionics domain;

1. Evolve System Engineering and Cross Sectorial collaboration.

a. Transition to Model Based Engineering / Virtual design/ digital mock-up / design analysis by simulation will evolve.

2. Support the transition towards product orientation rather than custom design (in particular for Telecom and Earth observation).

3. Integrated applications based on heterogeneous data from multiple sources will create new business opportunities for value-added products/services. (big data)



European Space technology budgets

640 M€ total institutional R&D budget (ESA, National, EC)

of which 480 M€ are ESA R&D budgets.

In support of a 4 B€ investments in missions / launchers / space infrastructures developments and in European industry’s competitiveness.

Source: Member States and European Cooperating States declared data



Technical Domains (TDs)

1. On-board Data Systems/Avionics

2. Space System Software

3. Spacecraft Power

4. Spacecraft Environment & Effects

5. Space System Control

6. RF Payload Systems

7. Electromagnetics Technology

8. System Design & Verification

9. Mission operation and Ground Data Systems

10. Flight Dynamics and GNSS

11. Space Debris

12. Ground Station Systems and Networks

14. Automation, Telepresence & Robotics

15. Mechanisms & Tribology

16. Optics

17. Opto-Electronics

18. Aerothermodynamics

19. Propulsion

20. Structures & Pyrotechnics

21. Thermal

22. Environmental Control Life Support (ECLS) and ISRU

24. Materials & Processes

25. Quality, Dependability and Safety Cross sectorial

26. Spacecraft Avionic System

27. End to End System Engineering Processes

28. Electronic Components

29. Clean Space

30. Space and Energy



ESA R&D programs / versus TRL levels

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SYSTEM ENGINEERING PROCESS

Cross sectorial collaboration



System Engineering process

1. State the problem. It entails understanding customer needs, establishing the need for change, discovering requirements and defining system functions.

2. Investigate alternatives. Alternatives are investigated and evaluated based on performance, cost and risk.

3. Model the system. Running models clarifies requirements, reveals bottlenecks and fragmented activities, reduces cost and exposes duplication of efforts.

4. Integrate. Integration means designing interfaces and bringing system elements together so they work as a whole.

5. Launch the system. Launching the system means running the system and producing outputs -- making the system do what it was intended to do.

6. Assess performance. Performance is assessed using evaluation criteria, technical performance measures and measures -- measurement is the key. If you cannot measure it, you cannot control it. If you cannot control it, you cannot improve it.

7. Re-evaluation. Re-evaluation should be a continual and iterative process with many parallel loops.

The Sixth Annual Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), July 7-11, 1996



Analysis

Domain analysis

Model based system engineering and system data repository.

System engineering

team

• System architect • System Engineers / • Domain experts

Mission / system requirements

- Architecture - Specifications - Interface spec’s - Plan’s - Cost ..

Domain analysis Domain

analysis Domain analysis Domain

analysis Domain engineering

Proposed solution

- Architecture refinement (sub-sys-level) - Req. refinement (functional/performance) - Analysis

Customer Supplier

System

data repository

- Each domain has own specific modeling, analysis or simulation tools with their own data representation

- Several modeling tools available.

- SysML is one, but not used systematically

- Concept modeling (several approaches and methods are practiced)



End-to-end Model-Based Engineering Process

Mission Need

Phase A

Phase B

Phase C

Phase D

Phase E Feasibility Study

Conceptual Design

System / Preliminary Design

Detailed Design

Manufacturing

Assembly

Integration

Verification

Deployment

Validation

Top-Down Design

Bottom-Up Production, V&V

(Development & Qualification)

Model-based Validation & Verification

Design feedback and process improvement

Operations AIV Anomalies Analyses Simulations



Consequence of not getting it right

Src: Richard Beasley, Andy J. Nolan and Andrew C. Pickard Rolls-Royce plc ; When “Yes” is the Wrong Answer; - INCOSE-2014



SAVOIR / EGS-CC

Cross sectorial collaboration

Joint undertakings



Avionics Embedded systems

Avionics Embedded Systems dossier: roadmap listing Avionics level cross-sectorial activities and sectorial activities with a cross-sectorial scope

Data Systems Data Systems and On-Board Computers dossier – refers to (D) for Avionics level activities

Control Systems Software Systems

On-board Payload Data Processing Dossier – idem

Microelectronics Dossier – idem

Data Systems sectorial activities with an Avionics level scope defined in AES dossier (D)

On-Board Software sectorial activities with an Avionics level scope defined in AES dossier (S)

Control Systems sectorial activities with an Avionics level scope defined in AES dossier (C)

On-board Software dossier

refers to (S) for Avionics level activities

AOCS Sensors and Actuators dossier

refers to (C) for Avionics level activities



SAVOIR – the joint undertaking

SAVOIR means Space Avionics Open Interface aRchitecture. An initiative to federate the European Space Avionics Community and

together improve the way we build Spacecraft avionics.

SAVOIR objectives: 1. Improve the way we deliver space systems

2. Support industrial competitiveness

3. Enhance product orientation

SAVOIR is coordinated by the Savoir Advisory Group (SAG) including representative of; 1. Agencies: ESA, CNES, DLR

2. Large Satellite Integrators: Airbus-DS, Thales Alenia Space, OHB

3. Avionics HW and SW suppliers: RUAG, Selex Galileo, Terma

http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Thales_Alenia_Space_Logo.svg&filetimestamp=20071223142217



Product orientation

Improve the way we deliver Space Systems (cost & schedule) by

Pre-developed Products / Building Blocks based on

well defined Specification & Interfaces based on

an agreed Reference Architecture



THE EUROPEAN GROUND SYSTEM - COMMON CORE



European Ground Systems – Common Core (EGS-CC)

Joint undertaking led by ESA (ESTEC & ESOC) together with European Primes and National Space Agencies.

http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Thales_Alenia_Space_Logo.svg&filetimestamp=20071223142217



European Ground Systems – Common Core (EGS-CC)

Motivation

1. To develop and maintain a European Ground System Common Core (EGS-CC) for the next generation MCS/EGSE systems for the benefit of end-to-end usage (AIV/OPS)

2. Ensure interoperability of facilities between project phases and between programs (institutional and/or commercial).

3. Ensure a maximum commonality between EGSE and MCS, including common data and procedures.

4. Support the competitiveness of European Industry when supplying end-to-end space systems on the world market.

5. Profit from sharing development, validation, sustaining and maintenance.

6. Cost and risk reduction when implementing space projects.

7. Allow small and medium enterprises ("SME’s") to operate in a product oriented market, supplying quality products within a standardised context.



Scope of EGS-CC Product, System and Test Facility

Reference Implemen-

tation Kernel Reference

Test Facility EGS-CC Product

EGS-CC System

EGS-CC Test Facility

Application specific

implementations

Specific Models & Tools



European Union – Artemis –JU / ECSEL Digital technology

Digital technology being;

• Hardware

• Software

• IT services

• Internal IT

• Embedded software in ‘vertical markets’ like automotive, healthcare, etc.

The main conclusions, in hard figures (2013):

The global market of Digital Technology is estimated at USD 3,300 billion, corresponding to around 50 million jobs (of which 44Mil are in SW)

The share of Europe in Digital Technologies is about 9.1 million jobs.

Europe’s position is characterised by a strong presence in vertical markets.

In Europe we have 0.2 million jobs in hardware, including semiconductors, and 8.9 million jobs in software and services



Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies

Source: Gartner's 2015 Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies



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