europe's environment - an assessment of assessments ......belarus svetlana utochkina, saveliy...
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Vilnius
MinskWarsaw
ViennaLjubljana
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Zagreb
Podgorica
Tirana
SkopjeSofia
Berlin
Budapest
Nicosia
Yerevan
Tbilisi
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Astana
Tashkent
AshgabatDushanbe
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Kosovo*FY
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MONTENEGRO
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T A J I K I S T A N
I R A Q
CYPRUS
S Y R I A
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GR
E E C E
ALBANIA
SERBIA
HERZEGOVINA
CZECH REPUBLIC
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B E L AR U
L I T H U AN I A
L AT V
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NETHERLANDS
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MALTA
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SLOVAKIA
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G R E E N L A N D
ANDORRA
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SANMARINO
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SW
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P ORT U GA L
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BULGARIA
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0 500 1000 1500 Km
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Pan-European coverage of the report
European Free TradeAssociation (EFTA)
Caucasus
European Union (EU–27)
Andorra, Monaco, San Marino
Western Balkans
Turkey
Eastern Europe
Outside report coverage
Central Asia
RUS.FED.
C HI
NA
Capitals
Ok
ho
ts
k
London
Madrid
Stockholm
Berne
Bucharest
Rome
MoscowBratislava
Chisinau
Ankara
Athens
Sarajevo
Reykjavik
Oslo
Copenhagen
Vaduz Prague
Valletta
Paris
A r c t i c C i r
c l e
T r o p i c o f Ca n c e r
Dublin
Lisbon Brussels
Amsterdam
Helsinki
Tallinn
Riga
Vilnius
MinskWarsaw
ViennaLjubljana
Kiev
Belgrade
Zagreb
Podgorica
Tirana
SkopjeSofia
Berlin
Budapest
Nicosia
Yerevan
Tbilisi
Baku
Astana
Tashkent
AshgabatDushanbe
Bishkek
Kosovo*FY
P A K I S T A N
Russian Federation
* (including Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99)
MONTENEGRO
Legal noticeThe contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Communities. Neither the European Environment Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report.
All rights reservedNo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without the permission in writing from the copyright holder. For translation or reproduction rights please contact EEA (address information below). Information about the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (www.europa.eu).
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011
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REG.NO. DK-000244
Europe'senvironmentAn Assessment of Assessments
Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments2
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
National focal points (NFPs), national contact points (NCPs) and other national thematic experts
Albania Etleva Canaj, Auron Meneri, Luan Ahmetaj, Erinda MishoArmenia Julieta GhlichyanAustria Johannes Mayer, Elisabeth Freytag, Florian Wolf-Ott,
Hubert Reisinger, Sabine Kranzl Azerbaijan Rashad AllahverdiyevBelarus Svetlana Utochkina, Saveliy Kuzmin, Alexander StankevichBelgium Jan Voet, Line Vancraeynest, Veronique Verbeke, Hugo Van
Hooste, Nathalie Dewolf, Vincent Brahy, Maene Soetkin, Caroline De Geest, Stijn Overloop, Myriam Bossuyt, Bob Peeters, Saskia Opdebeeck, Erika Van Der Putten, Johan Brouwers
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mehmed Cero, Goran Krstovic
Bulgaria Camelia Dikova, Krasimira Avramova, Detelina PeichevaCroatia Jasna Butuči, Rene Vukelić Cyprus Christina PantaziCzech Republic Jirí Hradec, Premysl Stepanek, Lukas Pokorny,
Simona LosmanovaDenmark Esben TindEstonia Leo Saare, Marion LeppikFinland Tapani SäynätkariThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Svetlana Gjorgjeva
France Jacques ThoretteGeorgia Mikheil Tushishvili, Nino Sharashidze Germany Christina Pykonen, Heide JekelGreece Dimitris MeimarisHungary Gabriella PajnaIceland Gunnar JónssonIreland Micheal Lehane
3Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments
Acknowledgements
Italy Claudio Maricchiolo, Maria Concetta Giunta, Rita Calicchia, Anna Luise
Kazakhstan Olga SuvorovaKyrgyzstan Baglan Salikmambetova Kosovo under United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1244/1999
Rizah Hajdari, Afrim Berisha
Latvia Vita SlankeLiechtenstein Roland JehleLithuania Liutauras StoškusLuxembourg Eric De BrabanterMalta Saviour Formosa, Antoine Zahra, Priscilla ScerriMontenegro Dragan Asanović, Milena BatakovićRepublic of Moldova Maria Nagornii, Tamara Guvir, Valentina Tapis, Tatiana
Plesco, Vasile ScorpanNetherlands Kees Schotten, Hiddo HuitzingNorway Rebekka Borsch, Kari HoldenPoland Lucyna Dygas-Ciołkowska, Barbara Albiniak, Ewa Palma,
Lukasz TomaszewskiPortugal Regina Vilao, Diana Carlos, Sónia Costa, João Varela, Carlos
Carvalho, Susana Alvarez, Cláudia Pina, Francisco Vala, Teresa Larsson, David Alves, Filomena Lobo, Maria de Fátima Espírito Santo Coelho, Eduardo Santos, António Leitão, Ana Marçal, Ana Teixeira, Luísa Silvério, Ana Sofia Vaz, Isabel Tomé de Andrade, Maria Ângela Pais da Graça Lobo, Maria InêsTrigo, Maria João Cabral, Luísa Rodrigues, Marina Sequeira, João Loureiro, Pedro Ivo Arriegas
Romania Gabriela Vasiliu-Isac, Camelia Vasile, Dorina MocanuRussian Federation Alexander Shekhovtsov, George A. Fomenko, Yuliy KuninSerbia Dejan Lekić, Danijela Stamenković, Dijana ČvoroSlovak Republic Katarìna Kosková, Peter KapustaSlovenia Jelko UrbančičSpain Marta Muñoz Cuesta, Javier Cachón de MesaSweden Ninni Borén Switzerland Nicolas Perritaz, Celine GirardTajikistan Khursheda MusavirovaTurkey A. Çagatay Dikmen, Şule AtamanTurkmenistan Bekmyrat EyeberdijevUkraine Valentyna Vasylenko, Liliia Kozak, Georgiy Veremiychyk,
Larisa Yurchak, Tatiana Gerasymenko, Alexander VasenkoUnited Kingdom James TuckerUzbekistan Lyudmila Aksyonova, Majid Khodjaev, Mukhammadi
Mamanazarov, Artur Mustafin, Kamaliddin Sadikov
Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments4
Partnership with international organisations
Brendan Gillespie, Ana Rita Berenguer, Irina Massovets (trainee) (OECD); Angela Bularga (OECD EAP Task Force); Jean-Christophe Bouvier, Ivonne Higuero, Jaco Tavenier, Rie Tsutsumi, Anil Gopal Rajbhandari, Mahir Aliyev (UNEP); Ronald G. Witt (UNEP/DEWA/GRID); Adriana Dinu, Ajiniyaz Reimov, Katy Norman (UNDP); Nicolas Jarraud, (UNDP-ACT); Marco Matuzzi (WHO Rome Office).
Mikhail G. Kokine (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe/Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (UNECE/WGEMA)); Marco Keiner, Monika Linn, Alexander Paperny, Angela Sochirca, Alexander Kostin (UNECE).
Albena Karadjova (UNECE/Secretariat Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution Convention); Carla Villa (UNEP Secretariat/Basel Convention); Charlot De Waal (UNECE/Secretariat Aarhus Convention); Francesca Bernardini, Sonja Koeppel, Annukka Lipponen (UNECE/Secretariat for the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes Convention); Jonathan Barzdo (UNEP/Secretariat Cites Convention); Lukasz Wyrowski (UNECE/Secretariat for the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents Convention); Nick Bonvoisin (UNECE/Secretariat for Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context Convention); Suman Sharma (UNEP Secretariat/Stockholm Convention).
Regional Environmental Centres (RECs)
Talaibek Makeev, Ludmilla Kiktenko, Yekaterina Strikeleva, Akmaral Mukaeva (Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia (CAREC)); Victor Cotruta, Elena Tofan (Regional Environmental Centre Moldova (REC Moldova); Michael Kozeltsev, Andrey Terentyev (Russian Regional Environmental Centre (REC Russia)); Malak Shukurova, Vahagn Tonoyan (Regional Environmental Centre Caucasus (REC Caucasus)).
Members of the Steering Group on Environmental Assessments
Jacqueline McGlade — co-chair (EEA); Anatoliy G. Dernovoy/Ruslan Bultrikov — co-chair, Bulat Yessekin (Kazakhstan); Massimo Cozzone (Italy); Kari Holden (Norway); Andrzej Jagusiewicz (Poland); Alexander Shekhovtsov (Russian Federation); Dejan Lekic (Serbia); Javier Cachón de Mesa (Spain/EU Presidency); Gabriella Pajna (Hungary/EU Presidency); Martine Rohn-Brossard (Switzerland); Valentyna Vasylenko (Ukraine); John Michael Matuszak (USA); Lyudmila Aksyonova (Uzbekistan); Svetlana Utochkina (Chairman WGEMA); Lea Kauppi (Chairman WGMA under Water Convention); Adriana Dinu (UNDP), Jean-Christophe Bouvier (UNEP); Brendan Gillespie (OECD); Talaibek Makeev (CAREC); Mara Silina (Chair of CB of the European Eco Forum).
Acknowledgements
5Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments
Contributors by chapter
Special thanks are given to the Members of the UNECE Committee of Environmental Policy, UNECE/WGEMA members as well as to all who made contributions to the knowledge base on the AoA portal and commented on the EE-AoA draft report, including the EEA country desk officers for their support to the country participation and input into the process.
Particular thanks are extended to the donor countries: Czech Republic, Italy, Republic of Moldova, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland which made possible the preparation of the EE-AoA report in particular by providing support to the countries from Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Author(s) Jock Martin, Adriana Gheorghe, Thomas Henrichs, David Stanners (European Environment Agency (EEA)).
Chapter 1 Setting the scene
Author(s) David Stanners (EEA); Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl under contract with Agreco E.E.I.G.); Adriana Gheorghe, Jock Martin (EEA).
Chapter 2 Water and related ecosystems
Author(s) Jos Timmerman (under contract with Zoï environment network); Peter Kristensen (EEA).
Contributors Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl); Adriana Gheorghe, Ronan Uhel (EEA).
Chapter 3 Green economy
Author(s) Bruce Horton (under contract with Zoï environment network); Stefan Ulrich Speck (EEA).
Contributors Adriana Gheorghe (EEA); Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl); Jock Martin, Thomas Henrichs (EEA).
Chapter 4 Cross-thematic analysis
Author(s) David Stanners (EEA); Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl).
Contributors Jock Martin, Jacqueline McGlade, Thomas Henrichs, Ronan Uhel, Adriana Gheorghe (EEA).
Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments6
Chapter 5 Recommendations
Author(s) David Stanners (EEA).
Contributors Jacqueline McGlade, Jock Martin (EEA); Mikhail Kokine (UNECE); members of the Steering Group on Environmental Assessment.
Annexes:
Annex 1.1 Comparing the main elements of the EE-AoA with the Marine AoA
Author(s) Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl).
Annex 2.1 Overview of the different organisations responsible for environmental assessments
Author(s) Jos Timmerman (under contract with Zoï environmental network); Peter Kristensen (EEA).
Annex 2.2 Overview of international organisations involved in environmental assessments
Author(s) Jos Timmerman (under contract with Zoï environment network); Peter Kristensen (EEA).
Annex 2.3 Overview of years in which environmental performance reviews were conducted by OECD and UNECE
Author(s) Jos Timmerman (under contract with Zoï environment network); Peter Kristensen (EEA).
Annex 3.1 Green economy — What does it mean?
Author(s) Bruce Horton (under contract with Zoï environment network); Stefan Ulrich Speck (EEA).
Annex 3.2 Key aspects of assessments in priority areas
Author(s) Bruce Horton (under contract with Zoï environment network); Stefan Ulrich Speck (EEA).
Acknowledgements
7Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments
Data support and quality control
Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl); Ljubov Gornaja (under contract with Zoï environment network); Jana Tafi (under contract with Eau de Web); Mona Mandrup Poulsen, Carsten Iversen (Atkins).
AoA portal development and IT support
Miruna Badescu, Valentin Dumitru, Alexandru Morega, Andrei Laza (Eau de Web); Jana Tafi (under contract with Eau de Web); Paolo Meozzi, Franz Daffner, Marie Jaegly (EEA); Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl); Ljubov Gornaja (under contract with Zoï environment network).
AoA portal population and country support
Aleksandra Silijic, Alessia Israilava, Tamara Mitrofanenko (Zoï environment network); Jana Tafi (under contract with Eau de Web); Ljubov Gornaja (under contract with Zoï environment network); Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl); Cigdem Adem, Svetlana Maenchen, Tarja Porkka Knudsen, Elisabetta Scialanca (EEA).
Editing and support assistance
Bart Ullstein, Peter Saunders (under contract with Stockholm Environment Institute); Svetlana Maenchen, Saila Kumputie, Nataliya Vorobyova Jørgensen (EEA).
Production support
Dave Jans, Marc Georis (Page in Extremis); Henriette Nilsson Pedersen, Pia Schmidt (EEA).
Translation and quality-checking of Russian version:
Vadim Vinichenko, Ljubov Gornaja, Nickolai Denisov (Zoï environment network).
Report coordination
Adriana Gheorghe and David Stanners (EEA).
Contributors: Elisabetta Scialanca, Thomas Henrichs, Peter Kristiansen, Stefan Ulrich Speck (EEA); Rossella Soldi (Progress Consulting Srl).
Internal coordination group (EEA): David Stanners (chair), Gordon McInnes, Jock Martin, Ronan Uhel, Chris Steenmans, Sigfús Bjarnason, Peder Jensen, Katja Rosenbohm.
Acknowledgements
9Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments
Contents
Introduction 10
1 Setting the scene 12
2 Water and related ecosystems 36
3 Green economy 92
4 Cross-thematic analysis 138
5 Recommendations 150
Glossary 160
Annexes 164
References 186