PPP Resources for PPP Resources for Road TransportRoad Transport

Peter RobertsPeter RobertsLead Infrastructure SpecialistLead Infrastructure Specialist

Natalya StankevichNatalya StankevichConsultantConsultant

TUDTRTUDTR

Public / Private Partnerships in Highways Public / Private Partnerships in Highways October 6, 2005October 6, 2005

Thematic Resources

Public and Private Sector Roles in Public and Private Sector Roles in Transport - OverviewTransport - Overview

Amos, P. 2004. Amos, P. 2004. Public and Private Sector Roles in the Supply of Transport Infrastructure and Services. TP-1. WB.• Aim at greater efficiency through competitionAim at greater efficiency through competition• Emphasise the need for effective regulationEmphasise the need for effective regulation• Recognise scope for governance arrangements Recognise scope for governance arrangements

Estache, A. and Serebrisky, T. 2004. “Where Do We Estache, A. and Serebrisky, T. 2004. “Where Do We Stand on Transport Infrastructure Deregulation and Stand on Transport Infrastructure Deregulation and Public-Private Partnerships”.Public-Private Partnerships”.

Wang, E.C. 2005. “Mechanisms for Effective Wang, E.C. 2005. “Mechanisms for Effective

Deployment of the Private Sector in Transport Deployment of the Private Sector in Transport Services in Infrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished).Services in Infrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished).

Laws, Rules and ContractsLaws, Rules and Contracts EBRD. 2004. "Concession Assessment Project". EBRD. 2004. "Concession Assessment Project".

Cover Analysis Report. London.Cover Analysis Report. London.• An overview of legal statusAn overview of legal status

Guasch, J. Luis. 2004. “Granting and Renegotiating Guasch, J. Luis. 2004. “Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concessions – Doing It Right.” WBI.Infrastructure Concessions – Doing It Right.” WBI.

Kessides, Ioannis N.; “Reforming Infrastructure - Kessides, Ioannis N.; “Reforming Infrastructure - Privatization, Regulation; and Competition” World Privatization, Regulation; and Competition” World Bank Policy Research Report World Bank and Bank Policy Research Report World Bank and Oxford University Press. Oxford University Press.

Good Governance and Reducing Good Governance and Reducing Corruption in ConcessionsCorruption in Concessions

Queiroz, C. and Visser, A. 2001. Queiroz, C. and Visser, A. 2001. "Corruption, "Corruption, Transport Infrastructure Stock and Economic Transport Infrastructure Stock and Economic Development." Development."

The Business Principles for Countering Bribery, by The Business Principles for Countering Bribery, by Transparency International and Social Transparency International and Social Accountability International.Accountability International.

Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - Competitive Solutions for Private Infrastructure.” Competitive Solutions for Private Infrastructure.”

Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - The Issues Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - The Issues for Private Infrastructure Projects.” for Private Infrastructure Projects.”

Transparency InternationalTransparency International

Special Focus: Special Focus:

Corruption in Corruption in Construction Construction and Post-and Post-Conflict Conflict ReconstructionReconstruction

Transparency International Transparency International “Global Corruption Report, 2005”“Global Corruption Report, 2005”

The reportThe report opens with a tribute to one individual, opens with a tribute to one individual, Satyendra Dubey, who was murdered after he Satyendra Dubey, who was murdered after he courageously spoke out against corruption in the courageously spoke out against corruption in the construction of a construction of a massive highway project in massive highway project in IndiaIndia..

See Part 1 ‘Corruption in Construction’See Part 1 ‘Corruption in Construction’

“ “Too often, international investors and financial Too often, international investors and financial institutions are also culpable in supporting institutions are also culpable in supporting corruption. An over-readiness to lend against a corruption. An over-readiness to lend against a background of weak oversight and accounting background of weak oversight and accounting safeguards has led the safeguards has led the World BankWorld Bank and regional and regional development banks to invest heavily in projects development banks to invest heavily in projects that have been subject to allegations of that have been subject to allegations of corruption.”corruption.”

PPPs and Fiscal RisksPPPs and Fiscal Risks

HM Treasury. “Value for Money Appraisal HM Treasury. “Value for Money Appraisal Guidance.”Guidance.” London.London.

Carruthers, R. and Basu, R. 2005. “The Carruthers, R. and Basu, R. 2005. “The Theoretical and Practical Bases for Setting Road Theoretical and Practical Bases for Setting Road Tolls.” The World Bank., Washington, D.C.: Tolls.” The World Bank., Washington, D.C.: (TUDTR. Unpublished)(TUDTR. Unpublished)

Silva, G. F. 2000. “Toll Roads: Recent Trends in Silva, G. F. 2000. “Toll Roads: Recent Trends in

Private Participation.”Private Participation.”

Irwin, T. “Government Guarantees for Private Irwin, T. “Government Guarantees for Private Infrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished). Infrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished).

Regional Regional Experience Experience with Highway with Highway PPP ProjectsPPP Projects

Europe and Central AsiaEurope and Central Asia WB ECA Transport WebsiteWB ECA Transport Website

Queiroz, C. 2005. “Launching Public Private Partnerships for Queiroz, C. 2005. “Launching Public Private Partnerships for Highways in Transition Economies.” TP-9. World Bank.Highways in Transition Economies.” TP-9. World Bank.

PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2004. “Developing Public Private PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2004. “Developing Public Private Partnerships in New Europe.” Partnerships in New Europe.”

Eijbergen, B. L. J. 2005. “Potential for Public Private Eijbergen, B. L. J. 2005. “Potential for Public Private Partnerships in the Provision of Transport Infrastructure and Partnerships in the Provision of Transport Infrastructure and Services Within the Russian Federation.” Draft Discussion Services Within the Russian Federation.” Draft Discussion Paper.Paper.

World Bank. 2005. “A Strategy for Private Sector World Bank. 2005. “A Strategy for Private Sector Participation in Russia’s Infrastructure Industries.” ECSIE. Participation in Russia’s Infrastructure Industries.” ECSIE. Unpublished.Unpublished.

EC. 2004. “Resource Book on PPP Case Studies.” Brussels.EC. 2004. “Resource Book on PPP Case Studies.” Brussels.

East and South AsiaEast and South Asia Bellier, M. and Zhou, Y. M. 2003. “Private Bellier, M. and Zhou, Y. M. 2003. “Private

Participation in Infrastructure in China”. Participation in Infrastructure in China”. Issues and Recommendations for the Issues and Recommendations for the Road, Water, and Power Sector.” Road, Water, and Power Sector.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank and Washington, D.C.: World Bank and International Finance Corporation.International Finance Corporation.

Progress with Private Sector Progress with Private Sector Participation. World Bank and Highway Participation. World Bank and Highway Sector Financing in India Website.Sector Financing in India Website.

Latin America and the CaribbeanLatin America and the Caribbean

Lorenzen, C.C., and Barrientos, M.E. Lorenzen, C.C., and Barrientos, M.E. 2001. “Toll Road Concessions: The 2001. “Toll Road Concessions: The Chilean Experience.” Private Finance and Chilean Experience.” Private Finance and Guarantees Discussion Paper Series, No. Guarantees Discussion Paper Series, No. 124. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.124. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Engel, E., Fischer, R., and Galetovic, A. Engel, E., Fischer, R., and Galetovic, A. 2003. “Privatizing Highways in Latin 2003. “Privatizing Highways in Latin America: Is It Possible to Fix What Went America: Is It Possible to Fix What Went Wrong?” Yale University. Wrong?” Yale University.

AfricaAfrica WB SSATP WebsiteWB SSATP Website

Cadwalader, Wickersham and Taft LLP. “The Long and Winding Cadwalader, Wickersham and Taft LLP. “The Long and Winding Road – Highway Concessions in Sub-Saharan Africa.” London.Road – Highway Concessions in Sub-Saharan Africa.” London.

WB and PPIAF. 2004. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in WB and PPIAF. 2004. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in

Lesotho.” Lesotho.”

WB and PPIAF. 2005. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in WB and PPIAF. 2005. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Angola.” Angola.”

Department of Transport, South AfricaDepartment of Transport, South Africa

South African National Roads AgencySouth African National Roads Agency

Transnet, South AfricaTransnet, South Africa

Additional SourcesAdditional Sources WB/PPIAF Toolkit for PPP in HighwaysWB/PPIAF Toolkit for PPP in Highways

Private Participation in Infrastructure – Private Participation in Infrastructure – Project DatabaseProject Database

World Bank Guarantees WebsiteWorld Bank Guarantees Website• Operational Policy on World Bank Guarantee Operational Policy on World Bank Guarantee

Program, OP 14.25Program, OP 14.25

MIGA Infrastructure WebsiteMIGA Infrastructure Website

European Commission. 2003. “Guidelines for European Commission. 2003. “Guidelines for Successful PPPs.” EC. Directorate-General Successful PPPs.” EC. Directorate-General Regional Policy. Brussels.Regional Policy. Brussels.

Financial Resources For Financial Resources For Road NetworksRoad Networks

All road transport networks are PPPsAll road transport networks are PPPs• Regulation is a Public interestRegulation is a Public interest

• Road Networks mostly Public investmentRoad Networks mostly Public investment Some sections Privately owned (eg Toll Roads) Some sections Privately owned (eg Toll Roads) Maintenance may be Private concessionMaintenance may be Private concession

• Transport Operations are Private Transport Operations are Private investmentsinvestments

Transport Operations CostTransport Operations Cost

Transport operating costs are much more than road asset Transport operating costs are much more than road asset provision and management costsprovision and management costs

Transport costs increase disproportionately (typically 3 fold) Transport costs increase disproportionately (typically 3 fold) with road deterioration as a result of inadequate maintenancewith road deterioration as a result of inadequate maintenance

Road deterioration increases disproportionately with the Road deterioration increases disproportionately with the overloading of heavy vehiclesoverloading of heavy vehicles

Increasing proportion of informal services is difficult to regulate Increasing proportion of informal services is difficult to regulate – particularly in low-income countries where institutions are – particularly in low-income countries where institutions are poorly developed.poorly developed.

Excess costs (direct and indirect) from sub-optimal Excess costs (direct and indirect) from sub-optimal management of transport services are often very high (e.g. management of transport services are often very high (e.g. road accidents)road accidents)

Transport Costs DominateTransport Costs Dominate

Costs of road transport operations are typically Costs of road transport operations are typically 5-15 times the cost of providing and maintaining 5-15 times the cost of providing and maintaining the road network infrastructure in LICs and MICsthe road network infrastructure in LICs and MICs

In more active economies the proportion of In more active economies the proportion of transport operations costs is even greater:transport operations costs is even greater:• Studies in Indonesia have shown annual expenditure Studies in Indonesia have shown annual expenditure

for road transport operation to be about 20 times for road transport operation to be about 20 times expenditure on the roads.expenditure on the roads.

Total Road Transport CostsTotal Road Transport Costs

Indonesia caseIndonesia case– – annual costs Rupiah trillion (1999/00)annual costs Rupiah trillion (1999/00)

Public expenditure: National, Provincial and Public expenditure: National, Provincial and District roads: District roads: Rp tr % GNIRp tr % GNI

• Capital: new construction etc:Capital: new construction etc: 2.7 ) 2.7 )• Recurrent: maintenance etc:Recurrent: maintenance etc: 3.0 ) < 1 3.0 ) < 1

User expenditure: User expenditure: • vehicle ownership, operation etc:vehicle ownership, operation etc: 185 > 14185 > 14

(Gross National Income: approx.Rp 1,280 tr)(Gross National Income: approx.Rp 1,280 tr)

Inclusive, Affordable, Sustainable Inclusive, Affordable, Sustainable Transport ServicesTransport Services

Rural AccessRural Access: : affordable basic transport affordable basic transport reaching the rural poorreaching the rural poor

Urban MobilityUrban Mobility: : effective urban effective urban transport services are inclusive and transport services are inclusive and affordableaffordable

Road HaulageRoad Haulage: : local and national freight local and national freight services are effective, competitive and services are effective, competitive and environmentally sustainableenvironmentally sustainable

Managing the Network EffectivelyManaging the Network Effectively

Key inputs to optimise Transport Costs are: Key inputs to optimise Transport Costs are: road maintenance and road maintenance and demand managementdemand management

• congestion / overloading / accidentscongestion / overloading / accidents Road users should have more controlRoad users should have more control

• Institutionally possible but political resistanceInstitutionally possible but political resistance Carbon Funds may give financial incentiveCarbon Funds may give financial incentive

• require require reliable measurementsreliable measurements of performance for of performance for monitoringmonitoring

Further Resources – and GapsFurther Resources – and Gaps Road network management:Road network management:

• Gwilliam, Ken and Ajay Kumar. 2002. “Road Funds Gwilliam, Ken and Ajay Kumar. 2002. “Road Funds Revisited. A Preliminary Appraisal of the Effectiveness of Revisited. A Preliminary Appraisal of the Effectiveness of “Second Generation” Road Funds.” Washington, D.C.: “Second Generation” Road Funds.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. TWU Series, TWU-47World Bank. TWU Series, TWU-47

• Public and Private Financing of Transport: Review of Public and Private Financing of Transport: Review of World Bank Assistance: Background Paper: Evaluation of World Bank Assistance: Background Paper: Evaluation of Bank Support for Road Funds (OED. Work in progress)Bank Support for Road Funds (OED. Work in progress)

Passenger services:Passenger services:• Safe Provision for Pedestrians and Non-motorised Safe Provision for Pedestrians and Non-motorised

Transport (various).Transport (various).• Targeted, Competitively-bid Subsidies for the Delivery of Targeted, Competitively-bid Subsidies for the Delivery of

Rural and Urban Transport Services – Output Based Aid Rural and Urban Transport Services – Output Based Aid in Transport (TUDTR and IEF. Work in progress)in Transport (TUDTR and IEF. Work in progress)

Further Resources – More GapsFurther Resources – More Gaps

Freight services:Freight services:• Hine, J.L. and Rizet, C. “A comparison of the Costs and Hine, J.L. and Rizet, C. “A comparison of the Costs and

Productivity of Road Transport in Africa and Pakistan.” Productivity of Road Transport in Africa and Pakistan.” Transport Reviews. Vol. 13 no 2, 1993Transport Reviews. Vol. 13 no 2, 1993

• ??????

Environmental costs:Environmental costs:• Metschies, G. "International Fuel Prices 2005”. GTZ."International Fuel Prices 2005”. GTZ.• Gwilliam, K., Kojima, M., and Johnson, T. “Reducing Air Gwilliam, K., Kojima, M., and Johnson, T. “Reducing Air

Pollution from Urban Transport.” June, 2004. Pollution from Urban Transport.” June, 2004. Washington, D.C.: World Bank .Washington, D.C.: World Bank .

• Climate Change, Energy and Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Energy and Sustainable Development, G8 Gleneagles 2005G8 Gleneagles 2005

• Masaki, S. and Roberts, P. “Key Environmental Indicators Masaki, S. and Roberts, P. “Key Environmental Indicators for Transport.” (TUDTR. Work in progress)for Transport.” (TUDTR. Work in progress)

Questions?Questions?

Sources and Links Sources and Links follow >>>follow >>>

Web Links to PPP Resources Web Links to PPP Resources In The World Bank and ElsewhereIn The World Bank and Elsewhere

Role of the Public and Private Sector in Transport InfrastructureRole of the Public and Private Sector in Transport Infrastructure

Amos, Paul. 2004. Amos, Paul. 2004. “Public and Private Sector Roles in the Supply of “Public and Private Sector Roles in the Supply of Transport Infrastructure and Services: Operational Guidance for Transport Infrastructure and Services: Operational Guidance for World Bank Staff.”World Bank Staff.” World Bank Transport Paper No. 1. Washington, World Bank Transport Paper No. 1. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. D.C.: The World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/214578-10993192233http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/214578-1099319223335/20273720/tp-1_pp-roles.pdf35/20273720/tp-1_pp-roles.pdf

International Experience with Highway PPP Projects; Main Lessons International Experience with Highway PPP Projects; Main Lessons for Successfor Success

Cadwalader, Wickersham and Taft LLP. Cadwalader, Wickersham and Taft LLP. “The Long and Winding Road “The Long and Winding Road – Highway Concessions in Sub-Saharan Africa.”– Highway Concessions in Sub-Saharan Africa.” London. London. http://www.cadwalader.com/assets/client_friend/100104LongWinding.pdfhttp://www.cadwalader.com/assets/client_friend/100104LongWinding.pdf

WB and PPIAF. 2004. WB and PPIAF. 2004. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Lesotho. A Country Framework Report.”Lesotho. A Country Framework Report.” Washington, D.C. World Washington, D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. Bank and PPIAF. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/FinalLesothoCFR.pdhttp://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/FinalLesothoCFR.pdf/$FILE/FinalLesothoCFR.pdff/$FILE/FinalLesothoCFR.pdf

• WB and PPIAF. 2005. WB and PPIAF. 2005. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Angola. A Country Framework Report.”in Angola. A Country Framework Report.” Washington, Washington, D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/AngolaCFhttp://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/AngolaCFR.pdf/$FILE/AngolaCFR.pdfR.pdf/$FILE/AngolaCFR.pdf

• WB and PPIAF. 2005. WB and PPIAF. 2005. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Rwanda. A Country Framework Report.”in Rwanda. A Country Framework Report.” Washington, Washington, D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/Rwanda%http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/Rwanda%20CFR.pdf/$FILE/Rwanda%20CFR.pdf20CFR.pdf/$FILE/Rwanda%20CFR.pdf

Department of Transport, South Africa Department of Transport, South Africa http://www.transport.gov.za/http://www.transport.gov.za/

South African National Roads AgencySouth African National Roads Agencyhttp://http://www.nra.co.zawww.nra.co.za//

Transnet – South Africa’s passenger and freight transport Transnet – South Africa’s passenger and freight transport operationsoperationshttp://http://www.transnet.co.zawww.transnet.co.za//

European Commission. 2004. European Commission. 2004. “Resource Book on PPP Case “Resource Book on PPP Case

Studies.”Studies.” Brussels. Brussels. http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guhttp://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/pppresourcebook.pdf ides/pppresourcebook.pdf

Queiroz, C. 2005. Queiroz, C. 2005. “Launching Public Private Partnerships for “Launching Public Private Partnerships for Highways in Transition Economies.”Highways in Transition Economies.” TP-9. Washington, D.C.: TP-9. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Bank. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTTRANSPhttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTTRANSPORT/0,,contentMDK:20457516~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~thORT/0,,contentMDK:20457516~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:337116,00.htmleSitePK:337116,00.html

Eijbergen, B. L. J. 2005. Eijbergen, B. L. J. 2005. “Potential for Public Private “Potential for Public Private Partnerships in the Provision of Transport Infrastructure Partnerships in the Provision of Transport Infrastructure and Services Within the Russian Federation.”and Services Within the Russian Federation.” Washington, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, Draft Discussion Paper, January 2005.D.C.: World Bank, Draft Discussion Paper, January 2005.

World Bank. 2005. World Bank. 2005. “A Strategy“A Strategy for Private Sector Participation in for Private Sector Participation in Russia’s Infrastructure Industries.” ECSIE. Unpublished.Russia’s Infrastructure Industries.” ECSIE. Unpublished.

PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2004. PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2004. “Developing Public Private “Developing Public Private Partnerships in New Europe.” Partnerships in New Europe.” http://www.pwcglobal.com/ie/eng/about/svcs/corp_finance/pwc_phttp://www.pwcglobal.com/ie/eng/about/svcs/corp_finance/pwc_ppp04.pdfpp04.pdf

European Commission. 2004. European Commission. 2004. “Resource Book on PPP Case “Resource Book on PPP Case Studies.”Studies.” Brussels. Brussels. http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guidhttp://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/pppresourcebook.pdf es/pppresourcebook.pdf

European Commission. 2003. European Commission. 2003. “Guidelines for Successful “Guidelines for Successful Public-Private Partnerships.”Public-Private Partnerships.” European Commission. European Commission. Directorate-General Regional Policy. Brussels. Directorate-General Regional Policy. Brussels. http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guhttp://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/ppp_en.pdfides/ppp_en.pdf

Bellier, M. and Zhou, Y. M. 2003. Bellier, M. and Zhou, Y. M. 2003. “Private Participation in “Private Participation in

Infrastructure in China”. Issues and Recommendations Infrastructure in China”. Issues and Recommendations for the Road, Water, and Power Sector.for the Road, Water, and Power Sector.” Washington, D.C.: ” Washington, D.C.: World Bank and International Finance Corporation.World Bank and International Finance Corporation.

““Progress with Private Sector Participation.”Progress with Private Sector Participation.” World Bank World Bank and Highway Sector Financing in India Website: and Highway Sector Financing in India Website: http://www.highwayfinindia.org/psp_indian_national.htmhttp://www.highwayfinindia.org/psp_indian_national.htm

Lorenzen, C.C., and Barrientos, M.E. 2001. Lorenzen, C.C., and Barrientos, M.E. 2001. “Toll Road “Toll Road

Concessions: The Chilean Experience.”Concessions: The Chilean Experience.” Private Finance and Private Finance and Guarantees Discussion Paper Series, No. 124. Washington, Guarantees Discussion Paper Series, No. 124. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. D.C.: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGUARANTEES/Resources/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGUARANTEES/Resources/TollRoads_Concessions.pdfTollRoads_Concessions.pdf

Engel, E., Fischer, R., and Galetovic, A. 2003. Engel, E., Fischer, R., and Galetovic, A. 2003. “Privatizing “Privatizing

Highways in Latin America: Is It Possible to Fix What Highways in Latin America: Is It Possible to Fix What Went Wrong?”Went Wrong?” Yale University. Economic Growth Center. Yale University. Economic Growth Center. http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp866.pdfhttp://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp866.pdf

Silva, G. F. 2000. Silva, G. F. 2000. “Toll Roads: Recent Trends in Private “Toll Roads: Recent Trends in Private Participation.”Participation.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/224Silvhttp://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/224Silva-1211.pdfa-1211.pdf

Wang, E.C. 2005. Wang, E.C. 2005. “Mechanisms for Effective Deployment “Mechanisms for Effective Deployment

of the Private Sector in Transport Services in of the Private Sector in Transport Services in Infrastructure.”Infrastructure.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Unpublished. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Unpublished.

Laws, Rules and ContractsLaws, Rules and Contracts

EBRD. 2004. "EBRD. 2004. "Concession Assessment ProjectConcession Assessment Project". Cover ". Cover Analysis Report, prepared by Gide Loyrette Nouel for European Analysis Report, prepared by Gide Loyrette Nouel for European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. London. Bank for Reconstruction and Development. London. http://www.ebrd.com/country/sector/law/concess/assess/report.http://www.ebrd.com/country/sector/law/concess/assess/report.pdfpdf

Guasch, J. Luis. 2004. “Guasch, J. Luis. 2004. “Granting and Renegotiating Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concessions – Doing It RightInfrastructure Concessions – Doing It Right.” World Bank .” World Bank Institute Development Studies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Institute Development Studies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDShttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/05/06/000090341_20040506150118/Rendered/PDF/2P/IB/2004/05/06/000090341_20040506150118/Rendered/PDF/288160PAPER0Granting010renegotiating.pdf88160PAPER0Granting010renegotiating.pdf

WB PPIAF. 2004. “WB PPIAF. 2004. “Labor Issues in Infrastructure Labor Issues in Infrastructure ReformReform.” .” http://www.ppiaf.org/Reports/LaborToolkit/Toolkit/http://www.ppiaf.org/Reports/LaborToolkit/Toolkit/ or or http://rru.worldbank.org/Toolkits/Labor/Download.aspxhttp://rru.worldbank.org/Toolkits/Labor/Download.aspx

Competitive Selection of ConcessionairesCompetitive Selection of Concessionaires

World Bank. 2004. World Bank. 2004. “Procurement Under IBRD Loans “Procurement Under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits. Guidelines”.and IDA Credits. Guidelines”. Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROCUREMENT/Resohttp://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROCUREMENT/Resources/Procurement-May-2004.pdfurces/Procurement-May-2004.pdf

Kerf, Michel, et.al. 1998. Kerf, Michel, et.al. 1998. “Concessions for “Concessions for Infrastructure: A Guide to Their Design and Award.”Infrastructure: A Guide to Their Design and Award.” World Bank Technical Paper No. 399. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Technical Paper No. 399. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/Toolkits/concessions_fuhttp://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/Toolkits/concessions_fulltoolkit.pdflltoolkit.pdf

Good Governance and Reducing Corruption in Highways Good Governance and Reducing Corruption in Highways ConcessionsConcessions

Queiroz, C. and Visser, A. 2001. Queiroz, C. and Visser, A. 2001. "Corruption, Transport "Corruption, Transport Infrastructure Stock and Economic Development."Infrastructure Stock and Economic Development." Infrastructure and Poverty Briefing for the World Bank Infrastructure and Poverty Briefing for the World Bank Infrastructure Forum, CD-ROM. World Markets Research Centre Infrastructure Forum, CD-ROM. World Markets Research Centre Ltd. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Ltd. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://www2.udec.cl/~provial/expo/WB%20Infrast%20Forum%20http://www2.udec.cl/~provial/expo/WB%20Infrast%20Forum%20May%202001%20TranspInfra&Corrup%20CQ%20AV.pdfMay%202001%20TranspInfra&Corrup%20CQ%20AV.pdf

Transparency International. 2005. Transparency International. 2005. “Granting a Concession for “Granting a Concession for the Trakia Motorway: Interim Report.”the Trakia Motorway: Interim Report.” Sofia, Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria. http://www.transparency-bg.org/?magic=0.5.71.2http://www.transparency-bg.org/?magic=0.5.71.2

Transparency International and Social Accountability Transparency International and Social Accountability International. 2005. International. 2005. “The Business Principles for Countering “The Business Principles for Countering Bribery. Framework for the Development of an Effective Bribery. Framework for the Development of an Effective Anti-Corruption Policy.”Anti-Corruption Policy.” http://www.transparency.org/building_coalitions/private_sector/buhttp://www.transparency.org/building_coalitions/private_sector/business_principles.htmlsiness_principles.html

Transparency International. 2005. Transparency International. 2005. “Corruption in “Corruption in Construction”.Construction”. From From “Global Corruption Report. Special “Global Corruption Report. Special Focus: Corruption in Construction and Post-Conflict Focus: Corruption in Construction and Post-Conflict Reconstruction.” Reconstruction.” http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/gcr2005/download.http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/gcr2005/download.htmlhtml

PPP and Public Policy RequirementsPPP and Public Policy Requirements

Estache, A. and Serebrisky, T. 2004.Estache, A. and Serebrisky, T. 2004. “Where Do We Stand on “Where Do We Stand on Transport Infrastructure Deregulation and Public-Private Transport Infrastructure Deregulation and Public-Private Partnerships”. Partnerships”. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Dealing with Unsolicited ProposalsDealing with Unsolicited Proposals

Hodges, J. 2003. Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - Competitive “Unsolicited Proposals - Competitive Solutions for Private Infrastructure.”Solutions for Private Infrastructure.” Public Policy for the Public Policy for the Private Sector, Note No 258. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Private Sector, Note No 258. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/258Hodgehttp://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/258Hodge-031103.pdf-031103.pdf

Hodges, J. 2003. Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - The Issues for “Unsolicited Proposals - The Issues for Private Infrastructure Projects.”Private Infrastructure Projects.” Public Policy for the Private Public Policy for the Private Sector, Note No 257. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Sector, Note No 257. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/257Hodgehttp://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/257Hodge-031103.pdf-031103.pdf

PPPs and Fiscal RisksPPPs and Fiscal Risks

Irwin, T. “Irwin, T. “Government Guarantees for Private Government Guarantees for Private InfrastructureInfrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished). .” (IEF. Unpublished).

HM Treasury. HM Treasury. “Value for Money Appraisal Guidance.” “Value for Money Appraisal Guidance.” London.London. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/documents/public_private_phttp://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/documents/public_private_partnerships/key_documents/ppp_keydocs_vfm.cfmartnerships/key_documents/ppp_keydocs_vfm.cfm

Carruthers, R. and Basu, R. 2005. Carruthers, R. and Basu, R. 2005. “The Theoretical and “The Theoretical and Practical Bases for Setting Road Tolls.”Practical Bases for Setting Road Tolls.” Washington, Washington, D.C.: World Bank. (TUDTR. Unpublished).D.C.: World Bank. (TUDTR. Unpublished).

Other PPP ResourcesOther PPP Resources

World Bank/PPIAF Toolkit for PPP in Highways. World Bank/PPIAF Toolkit for PPP in Highways. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/Toolkits/Highways/starthttp://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/Toolkits/Highways/start.HTM.HTM

Private Participation in Infrastructure – Project DatabasePrivate Participation in Infrastructure – Project Databasehttp://ppi.worldbank.org/ http://ppi.worldbank.org/

World Bank Knowledge Services for Private Sector Development World Bank Knowledge Services for Private Sector Development Website. http://rru.worldbank.org/Website. http://rru.worldbank.org/

Public / Private Infrastructure Assistance Facility (PPIAF)Public / Private Infrastructure Assistance Facility (PPIAF)http://ppiaf.org/index.htm http://ppiaf.org/index.htm

World Bank Guarantee Program Web site: World Bank Guarantee Program Web site: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTFININShttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTFININSTRUMENTS/EXTGUARANTEES/0,,contentMDK:20267847~hlPK:545TRUMENTS/EXTGUARANTEES/0,,contentMDK:20267847~hlPK:545970~menuPK:64143502~pagePK:64143534~piPK:64143448~the970~menuPK:64143502~pagePK:64143534~piPK:64143448~theSitePK:411474,00.htmlSitePK:411474,00.html

The World Bank Guarantees. Leveraging Private Finance For The World Bank Guarantees. Leveraging Private Finance For Emerging Markets. Private Participation and Finance Department. Emerging Markets. Private Participation and Finance Department. Infrastructure Vice Presidency. Infrastructure Vice Presidency. http://intresources.worldbank.org/INTCOUNTECONOMICS/Resourchttp://intresources.worldbank.org/INTCOUNTECONOMICS/Resources/Newguaranteesbrochurejanuary2002.pdfes/Newguaranteesbrochurejanuary2002.pdf

World Bank Operational Policy on Its Guarantee Program, OP World Bank Operational Policy on Its Guarantee Program, OP 14.25: 14.25: http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/institutional/manuals/opmanual.nshttp://wbln0018.worldbank.org/institutional/manuals/opmanual.nsf/toc1/A505EC4B4C9EB1658525672C007D0976?OpenDocumentf/toc1/A505EC4B4C9EB1658525672C007D0976?OpenDocument

MIGA Infrastructure Web site: MIGA Infrastructure Web site: http://www.miga.org/sitelevel2/level2.cfm?id=1074http://www.miga.org/sitelevel2/level2.cfm?id=1074