Evidence Based Medicine

AND

Statistical Significance

PREPARED BY :

DR.MOAWEYAH QASIM

SUPERVISED BY:

DR.HOSNI AL RAIES

PEDIATRIC ALLERGIST CONSULTANT

What is the Evidence based medicine?

• Evidence based medicine has been defined by David Sackett as:

• The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients, to aid the delivery of optimum clinical care to patients.

5 Steps in Practicing EBM ‘5A’

1. Ask: Asking answerable question

2. Acquire: searching for the best evidence

3. Appraise: Critically appraising the evidence

4. Apply: Applying the evidence to individual patient care

5. Asses: Evaluating the process

SYSTEMIC REVIEW

• Usually focus on a clinical topic and answer a specific question

• The studies are reviewed, assessed, and result summarized according to criteria of the review question

Meta-Analysis study

• When quantitative strategy for combining the result of included studies into a single pooled or summary estimated, it is called a Meta-Analysis.

• Summarized a number of studies to report the results.

• The Cochrane Collaboration has done a lot of work of systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Randomized controlled trials

• Comparison between intervention group (received treatment, procedure) with control group (no intervention).

• Follow the results and outcome

Cohort study

• Cohort study are observational and not randomized controlled studies

• Take a large number of population

• Already have same factors (treatment, exposure, risk factors)

• Follow them for time to see the outcome

• Then compare with similar group has not been affected by these factors

Case control studies

• Patients already have specific condition• Compared with people do not have this condition

• To look back to identify the factors or exposures might be associated with this illness

• It is less reliable than randomized controlled and cohort studies because statistical relationship does not mean that the factors is are causing the illness.

Case series and reports

• Collections of reports for single case (case report) or several cases (case series).

• Including findings and treatment and outcome