evolution and performance · p1: ote/ote/sph p2: ote fm blbk323-saily august 25, 2010 19:47 printer...

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEfm BLBK323-Saily August 25, 2010 19:47 Printer Name: Yet to Come

GSM/EDGEEVOLUTION AND PERFORMANCE

Edited by

Mikko Saily, Nokia Siemens Networks, Finland

Guillaume Sebire, Nokia, Finland

Dr. Eddie Riddington, Nokia Siemens Networks, UK

A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication


GSM/EDGE


GSM/EDGEEVOLUTION AND PERFORMANCE

Edited by

Mikko Saily, Nokia Siemens Networks, Finland

Guillaume Sebire, Nokia, Finland

Dr. Eddie Riddington, Nokia Siemens Networks, UK

A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication


This edition first published 2011C© 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Saily, Mikko.GSM/EDGE : evolution and performance / Mikko Saily, Guillaume Sebire, Eddie Riddington.

p. cm.Includes index.ISBN 978-0-470-74685-1 (cloth)1. Global system for mobile communications. I. Sebire, Guillaume. II. Riddington, Eddie. III. Title.TK5103.483.S24 2010621.3845′6–dc22

2010019375

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Print ISBN: 9780470746851 (HB)ePDF ISBN: 9780470669617oBook ISBN: 9780470669624

Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India

http://www.wiley.com


Contents

Acknowledgements xv

Acronyms xvii

PART I GSM/EDGE STANDARDIZATION 1

1 GSM Standardization History 3Guillaume Sebire

1.1 Introduction 31.2 History 41.3 Phase 1 51.4 Phase 2 51.5 Phase 2+ 6

1.5.1 Phase 2+, R96 61.5.2 Phase 2+, R97 61.5.3 Phase 2+, R98 71.5.4 Phase 2+, R99 71.5.5 Phase 2+, Rel-4 81.5.6 Phase 2+, Rel-5 91.5.7 Phase 2+, Rel-6 101.5.8 Phase 2+, Rel-7 111.5.9 Phase 2+, Rel-8 121.5.10 Phase 2+, Rel-9 13References 13

2 3GPP Release 7 15Eddie Riddington, David Navratil, Jurgen Hofmann, Kent Pedersenand Guillaume Sebire

2.1 Introduction 152.2 EGPRS2 16

2.2.1 Introduction 162.2.2 EGPRS2-A 172.2.3 EGPRS2-B 18


vi Contents

2.2.4 Modulation and Pulse Shaping 192.2.5 Coding and Puncturing 252.2.6 Link Adaptation 292.2.7 Specification Aspects 32

2.3 Downlink Dual Carrier 322.3.1 Introduction 322.3.2 Functional Description 332.3.3 Specification Aspects 382.3.4 Implementation Aspects 38

2.4 Mobile Station Receiver Diversity 402.4.1 The Concept of MSRD 412.4.2 MSRD Radio Channel Modeling and Performance Requirements 422.4.3 Link Level Performance of MSRD 432.4.4 Specification Aspects 472.4.5 Implementation Aspects 47

2.5 Latency Reductions 472.5.1 Introduction 472.5.2 Reduced Transmission Time Interval 482.5.3 Fast Ack/Nack Reporting 512.5.4 RLC Non-Persistent Mode 582.5.5 Specification Aspects 592.5.6 Implementation Aspects 59References 60

3 3GPP Release 8 63Jurgen Hofmann, Vlora Rexhepi-van der Pol, Guillaume Sebireand Sergio Parolari

3.1 Introduction 633.2 Interworking with LTE 64

3.2.1 Interworking Requirements and Mechanisms 643.2.2 Service Continuity 663.2.3 E-UTRAN Information in GERAN System Information 683.2.4 Priority-Based Inter-RAT Cell Re-Selection in GERAN 703.2.5 Inter-RAT Measurement Reporting and Control 733.2.6 Inter-RAT PS Handover 743.2.7 Mobile Station’s Interworking Capabilities with E-UTRA 753.2.8 CSG Mobility from GERAN 77

3.3 A Interface over IP 793.3.1 Architecture 793.3.2 User Plane Aspects 823.3.3 Control Plane Aspects 82

3.4 Multi-Carrier BTS (MCBTS) 843.4.1 Overview 853.4.2 Functional Description 853.4.3 Impact of Usage of MCBTS on Unwanted Emissions 87


Contents vii

3.4.4 Standardization in 3GPP TSG GERAN 923.4.5 Status in Regulatory Bodies 97References 98

4 3GPP Release 9 and Beyond 101Jurgen Hofmann, Eddie Riddington, Vlora Rexhepi-van der Pol,Sergio Parolari, Guillaume Sebire and Mikko Saily

4.1 Introduction 1014.2 Voice Evolution 102

4.2.1 Introduction 1024.2.2 Objectives 1034.2.3 Functional Description 1044.2.4 Specification Aspects 1114.2.5 Implementation Aspects 1114.2.6 Future Work 115

4.3 Data Evolution 1154.3.1 Introduction 1154.3.2 Wide Bandwidth Pulse Shape for Downlink 116

4.4 H(e)NB Enhancements 1184.4.1 Idle Mode Mobility 1204.4.2 Connected Mode Mobility 121

4.5 Security Improvements 1214.6 Local Call Local Switch 123

4.6.1 User Plane Aspects 1244.6.2 Control Plane Aspects 124References 125

PART II GSM/EDGE PERFORMANCE 127

5 Fundamentals of GSM Performance Evaluation 129Mikko Saily, Rauli Jarvela, Eduardo Zacarıas B. and Jari Hulkkonen

5.1 Introduction 1295.2 On the GSM Radio System Performance Engineering 1305.3 Simulation Tools 131

5.3.1 Semi-Analytical Methods 1315.3.2 Link Level Simulator 1325.3.3 System Level Simulator 1345.3.4 Link-to-System Interface 136

5.4 Key Performance Indicators 1435.4.1 Key Performance Indicators for Link Level Analysis 1435.4.2 Key Performance Indicators for System Level Analysis 145

5.5 EFL Methodology 1455.5.1 Network Performance Characterization 146

5.6 Further Reading 149References 149


viii Contents

6 EGPRS2 and Downlink Dual Carrier Performance 151Mikko Saily, Kolio Ivanov, Khairul Hasan, Michal Hronec,Carsten Ball, Robert Mullner, Renato Iida, Hubert Winkler,Rafael Paiva, Kurt Kremnitzer, Rauli Jarvela, Alexandre Loureiro,Fernando Tavares and Guillaume Sebire

6.1 Introduction 1516.2 Overview of GSM Data Performance Evolution 1526.3 EGPRS2 Link Performance 153

6.3.1 Overview 1536.3.2 Simulation Models 1536.3.3 EGPRS Reference Link Performance 1546.3.4 EGPRS2 Link Performance 1586.3.5 EGPRS2 Uplink Performance 1606.3.6 EGPRS2 Pulse Shaping Filters 1626.3.7 Incremental Redundancy in EGPRS2 1656.3.8 Effect of Frequency Hopping 1656.3.9 EGPRS vs. EGPRS2 RLC Throughput 1676.3.10 Conclusion 169

6.4 EGPRS2 System Performance 1696.4.1 Simulation Assumptions 1696.4.2 Simulation Results 173

6.5 Downlink Dual Carrier Performance 1816.5.1 Network Simulation Model Including GERAN DLDC Architecture 1846.5.2 Simulation Results for Ideal Radio Conditions 1916.5.3 System Level Simulation Results for Regular Hexagonal Cell

Deployment 1936.5.4 Summary 197

6.6 DTM performance 1986.6.1 Fragmentation Issue 1996.6.2 DTM Multiplexing 2016.6.3 Intra-Cell Handover Failures 2016.6.4 Conclusion 206

6.7 GSM Data Evolution Performance Summary 207References 208

7 Control Channel Performance 211Eddie Riddington and Khairul Hasan

7.1 Introduction 2117.1.1 Overview 2117.1.2 Introduction to Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Coding 2127.1.3 Introduction to the Associated Control Channels 215

7.2 Repeated SACCH 2177.2.1 Introduction 2177.2.2 The Repeated SACCH Procedure 2177.2.3 The Repeated SACCH Concept 2187.2.4 Case Study: Radio Link Failure 219


Contents ix

7.3 Repeated Downlink FACCH 2207.3.1 Introduction 2207.3.2 The Repeated Downlink FACCH Procedure 2217.3.3 Case Study: Handover 222References 233

8 Orthogonal Sub-Channels with AMR/DARP 235Mikko Saily, Jari Hulkkonen, Kent Pedersen, Carsten Juncker,Rafael Paiva, Renato Iida, Olli Piirainen, Seelan Sundaralingam,Alexandre Loureiro, Jon Helt-Hansen, Robson Domingos andFernando Tavares

8.1 Introduction 2358.2 Overview of GSM Voice Evolution 236

8.2.1 Voice Capacity 2368.2.2 Voice Performance KPIs and Hardware Efficiency 238

8.3 AMR and SAIC Performance 2398.3.1 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) 2408.3.2 Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance (DARP) 2418.3.3 AMR DARP Link Performance 243

8.4 OSC and VAMOS Performance 2458.4.1 The Principles of the DL Concept 2458.4.2 The Principles of UL Concept 2478.4.3 Downlink VAMOS Link Performance with AMR 2488.4.4 Uplink VAMOS Link Performance with AMR 2598.4.5 System Level Performance 2618.4.6 OSC Measurements Results 271

8.5 Conclusion 275References 276

9 Wideband AMR Performance 277Robert Mullner, Carsten Ball, Kolio Ivanov, Markus Mummert,Hubert Winkler and Kurt Kremnitzer

9.1 Overview 2779.2 Introduction 2779.3 Audio Bandwidth Extension for More Natural Sounding Speech 2789.4 End-User’s Quality Perception by Listening Tests 279

9.4.1 Test Method 2799.4.2 Experimental Design 2799.4.3 Test Conditions and Stimuli 2809.4.4 Listening Test Results 281

9.5 Impact of AMR-WB on Network Planning 2879.5.1 Network Planning Model 2879.5.2 Network Coverage Analysis for AMR-WB 2889.5.3 Network Quality Analysis 291

9.6 Network Quality and Capacity Advantage of AMR-WB over AMR-NB 2929.6.1 Simulation Model 293


x Contents

9.6.2 Quality Criteria 2949.6.3 Performance Results for Networks in Relaxed Frequency

Reuse Planning 2969.6.4 Performance Results for Networks in Tight Frequency Reuse Planning 2989.6.5 Combination of Quality Criteria 301

9.7 Conclusion 301References 304

10 DFCA and Other Advanced Interference Management Techniques 305Sebastian Lasek, Krystian Majchrowicz and Krystian Krysmalski

10.1 Introduction 30510.2 Frequency Hopping Basics 30610.3 Intra-Site Interference Management 307

10.3.1 Static MAIO Management 30710.3.2 Dynamic MAIO Management 311

10.4 Inter-Site and Intra-Site Interference Management 31310.4.1 Extended Static MAIO Management 314

10.5 Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation 31810.5.1 Interference Control 31810.5.2 DFCA Channel Allocation 32010.5.3 Channel Allocation Based on Service-Specific C/I Requirements 32210.5.4 Forced Half-Rate Mode 32310.5.5 DFCA Performance Results 324References 337

11 Advanced Admission and Quality Control Techniques 339Sebastian Lasek, Krystian Krysmalski, Dariusz Tomeczko andSebastian Lysiak

11.1 Introduction 33911.2 Quality of Service Management 340

11.2.1 End-to-End QoS Architecture 34211.2.2 3GPP QoS Architecture in GERAN 342

11.3 Admission Control 35111.3.1 Primary Functionalities of the Admission Control 35111.3.2 Calculation of the Available Capacity 35111.3.3 Calculation of the Needed Capacity 35211.3.4 Multiplexing of the Resources 35311.3.5 Channel Allocation 35511.3.6 Admission Control during PFC Runtime 357

11.4 Quality Control 35811.4.1 Scheduler 35811.4.2 Link Adaptation 36011.4.3 Load Balancing 36211.4.4 Countermeasures against Quality Degradation 364

11.5 Performance of the QoS-aware GERAN Networks 36611.6 Enhanced GERAN Performance towards Conversational Services 370


Contents xi

11.6.1 Network Assisted Cell Change 37111.6.2 PS Handover 374References 379

12 Capacity Enhancements for GSM 381Kolio Ivanov, Carsten Ball, Robert Mullner, Hubert Winkler,Kurt Kremnitzer, David Gallegos, Jari Hulkkonen,Krystian Majchrowicz, Sebastian Lasek and Marcin Grygiel

12.1 Introduction 38112.2 Progressive Power Control for AMR 381

12.2.1 Introduction 38212.2.2 PPC Impact on Power Levels 38412.2.3 PPC Impact on AMR Codec Modes 38612.2.4 Quality and Capacity Gains 387

12.3 Temporary Overpower 38912.3.1 Introduction 38912.3.2 Dropped Calls in GERAN Networks 39112.3.3 Performance Improvements on the Associated Control Channels 39312.3.4 Network Simulation Model 39412.3.5 Simulation Results 39612.3.6 Summary 402

12.4 Handover Signaling Optimization 40212.5 Separate Radio Link Timeout Value for AMR 40512.6 AMR HR to AMR FR Handover Optimization 40512.7 Service Dependent Channel Allocation 40812.8 Advanced Abis Solutions 413

12.8.1 Basic Principles for Saving Bandwidth and Costs 41412.8.2 Transport Aspects 41512.8.3 GERAN Transport Evolution for Different Network Scenarios 418References 419

13 Green GSM: Environmentally Friendly Solutions 421Sebastian Lasek, Krystian Krysmalski, Dariusz Tomeczko,Andrzej Maciolek, Grzegorz Lehmann, Piotr Grzybowski,Alessandra Celin and Cristina Gangai

13.1 Introduction 42113.2 Energy Optimized Network Design 42213.3 Coverage Improvement Techniques 424

13.3.1 Uplink Techniques 42413.3.2 Downlink Techniques 42513.3.3 Energy Savings Due to Coverage Enhancements 426

13.4 Capacity Improvement Techniques 42813.4.1 AMR, SAIC and DFCA as Green Features 42813.4.2 OSC 43213.4.3 Power Control on Non-BCCH Transceivers 434


xii Contents

13.4.4 Discontinuous Transmission 43513.4.5 Energy Savings Due to Capacity Enhancements 435

13.5 Energy Savings through Software Solutions 43713.5.1 Energy-Aware Resource Allocation 43713.5.2 TRX Power Down in Low Traffic Conditions 44013.5.3 Energy-Saving Mode on BCCH Transceiver 445

13.6 Energy-Efficient BTS Site 44813.7 Renewable Energy Sources 45013.8 Energy Savings for Controllers and Transcoders 452

References 454

PART III EXTENDING THE GSM PARADIGM 455

14 GSM in Multimode Networks 457Jurgen Hofmann

14.1 Introduction 45714.2 Standardization of MSR Base Station for Multimode Networks 457

14.2.1 Motivation 45814.2.2 Deployment Scenarios 45814.2.3 Standardization in 3GPP GERAN 459

14.3 Status in Regulatory Bodies 46214.4 Use of MSR Base Stations in Multimode Networks 462

References 464

15 Generic Access Network: Extending the GSM Paradigm 465Juha Karvinen and Guillaume Sebire

15.1 Introduction 46515.2 Drivers for Convergence 465

15.2.1 Innovation on Top of Existing GSM Systems 46615.3 GAN Architecture 466

15.3.1 General GAN Architecture 46615.3.2 CS Control Plane Protocol Architecture in GAN 46715.3.3 CS User Plane Protocol Architecture in GAN 46915.3.4 PS Control Plane Protocol Architecture in GAN 46915.3.5 PS User Plane Protocol Architecture in GAN 471

15.4 GAN Management Functionality 47115.4.1 Modes of Operation: GAN or Cellular 47115.4.2 Authentication 47215.4.3 GAN Registration Procedure 47215.4.4 Mode Selection in Multimode Terminals 47315.4.5 PLMN Selection 473

15.5 Mobility Features in GAN 47415.5.1 Idle Mode Mobility 47415.5.2 Active Mode Mobility 474

15.6 Voice Service over GAN 476


Contents xiii

15.7 Supplementary Services and SMS over GAN 47615.7.1 Supplementary Services 47615.7.2 SMS 477

15.8 Packet Switched Data (GPRS) over GAN 47715.9 Emergency Call Support in GAN 47815.10 GAN in 3GPP Releases 478

15.10.1 GAN in Release 6 47815.10.2 GAN in Release 7 47815.10.3 GAN in Release 8 479

15.11 Implementation Aspects for a GAN-enabled Device 47915.12 Considerations for GAN Deployment 479

15.12.1 Systematic Approach to GAN Set-up 479References 480

Index 481


Acknowledgements

The editors would like to acknowledge the priceless work of contributors from Nokia SiemensNetworks, Nokia and Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia (INdT): Carsten Ball, Alessandra Celin,Robson Domingos, David Gallegos, Cristina Gangai, Marcin Grygiel, Piotr Grzybowski,Khairul Hasan, Jon Helt-Hansen, Jurgen Hofmann, Michal Hronec, Jari Hulkkonen, RenatoIida, Kolio Ivanov, Rauli Jarvela, Carsten Juncker, Juha Karvinen, Kurt Kremnitzer, KrystianKrysmalski, Sebastian Lasek, Grzegorz Lehmann, Alexandre Loureiro, Sebastian Lysiak,Andrzej Maciolek, Krystian Majchrowicz, Robert Mullner, Markus Mummert, David Navratil,Rafael Paiva, Sergio Parolari, Kent Pedersen, Olli Piirainen, Vlora Rexhepi-van der Pol,Sathiaseelan Sundaralingam, Fernando Tavares, Dariusz Tomeczko, Hubert Winkler, EduardoZacarıas and Fabrizio Zizza.

We would also like to express our gratitude to our colleagues for fruitful discussions duringthe manuscript preparation and their support for the project, in particular: Riku Pirhonen,Timo Halonen, Peter Merz, Kari Niemela, Eric Jones, Harry Kuosa, Jarmo Makinen and KariPehkonen.

We are indebted to Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia for joining the project with valuablecontribution. We would like to thank Leonardo Aguayo and Daniel Barboni for their support.

Great thanks and a big hand go to the publishing team at Wiley: Mark Hammond, SarahTilley, Katharine Unwin, Sophia Travis and Alexandra King.

Our loving thanks go to our families and the families of all contributors for their patience,support and understanding during the late evenings and weekends devoted to the writing ofthis book.

Kiitos kaikille! Merci a tous! Thank you all!The editors and contributors welcome comments, suggestions and improvements that could

be implemented in possible forthcoming editions of this book. Please send your feedback toeditors’ e-mail addresses:

[email protected], [email protected] and [email protected], oruse the following generic address: gsm evo [email protected].


Acronyms

16QAM Sixteen Quadrature Amplitude Modulation2G Second Generation32QAM Thirty-two Quadrature Amplitude Modulation3G Third Generation3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project8-PSK Octal Phase Shift Keyingα-QPSK Alpha-QPSKAbis Interface between BTS and BSCABQP Aggregate BSS QoS ProfileAC Admission ControlACCH Associated Control Channel(s)A-CELP Algebraic CELPAck, ACK Acknowledgement (positive)ACR Absolute Category RatingAD, A/D Analogue to DigitalADC AD ConverterAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGI Antenna Gain ImbalanceA-GNSS Assisted GNSSA-GPS Assisted GPSAM Acknowledged ModeAM Amplitude ModulationAMR Adaptive Multi-Rate (speech)AMR-NB AMR NarrowbandAMR-WB AMR WidebandAoIP, AOIP A interface over IPAPN Access Point NameAQPSK, α-QPSK Adaptive Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel NumberARIB Association of Radio Industries and BusinessesARNS Aeronautical Radio Navigation ServiceARP Allocation Retention PriorityARQ Automated Repeat reQuestASCI Advanced Speech Call Items


xviii Acronyms

ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry SolutionsBA BCCH AllocationBC Band CategoryBCC Base Station Colour CodeBCCH Broadcast Control ChannelBCR Blocked Call RatioBEM Block Edge MaskBEP Bit Error ProbabilityBER Bit Error RateBLER Block Error RatioBQC Bad Quality CallBQP Bad Quality ProbabilityBS Base StationBSC Base Station ControllerBSIC Base Station Identity CodeBSS Base Station Sub-systemBSSAP Base Station Subsystem Application PartBSSGP Base Station Sub-system GPRS ProtocolBSSMAP Base Station Subsystem Management Application PartBTS Base Transceiver StationBTTI Basic TTI (20 ms)BVC BSSGP Virtual ConnectionC/I Carrier to Interferer power ratioCA Certificate AuthorityCAMEL Customised Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced LogicCAPEX Capital ExpendituresCBC Cell Broadcast CenterCBS Cell Broadcast ServiceCC Convolutional CodingCCN Cell Change NotificationCCSA China Communications Standards AssociationCDF Cumulative Distribution FunctionCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCDR Call Drop RateCELP Code Excited Linear PredictionCEPT Conference Europeenne des Postes et Telecommunications (European

conference of postal and telecommunications administrations)CHD Channel DecoderCHE Channel EncoderCIC Circuit Identification CodeCIR Carrier to Interferer RatioCMC Codec Mode CommandCMI Codec Mode IndicatorCMR Codec Mode RequestCN Core Network


Acronyms xix

CRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCS Circuit SwitchedCS Coding SchemeCSD Circuit-Switched DataCSG Closed Subscriber GroupCV BEP Coefficient of Variation of the Bit Error ProbabilityDA, D/A Digital to AnalogueDAC DA ConverterDAPD Digital Adaptive PredistortionDARP Downlink Advanced Receiver PerformanceDAS EGPRS2-A Downlink modulation and coding schemeDBS EGPRS2-B Downlink modulation and coding schemeDCA Dynamic Channel AllocationDCDL/DLDC Dual Carrier DownlinkDCR Dropped Call Ratio/RateDCS (DCS1800) Digital Cellular System (in the 1800 MHz band)DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless TelecommunicationsDFR Double Full Rate (OSC)DHR Double Half Rate (OSC)DiffServ Differentiated ServicesDIR Dominant to Rest Interference RatioDL Downlink (network to mobile)DMA Dynamic MAIO AllocationDME Distance Measurement EquipmentDSP Digital Signal ProcessorDTAP Direct Transfer Application PartDTM Dual Transfer ModeDTS DARP Test ScenarioDTX Discontinuous TransmissionEAP Extensible Authentication ProtocolECC PT Electronic Communications Committee Project TeamECSD Enhanced CSDEDA Extended Dynamic AllocationEDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global EvolutionEFL Effective Frequency LoadEFR Enhanced Full-Rate (speech)EGPRS Enhanced GPRSEGPRS2 Enhanced General Packet Radio Service 2EGPRS2-A EGPRS2 level AEGPRS2-B EGPRS2 level BE-GSM Extended GSM bandEMC Electromagnetic CompatibilityEMR Enhanced Measurement ReportingE-OTD Enhanced-Observed Time DifferenceEPC Evolved Packet Core (network)


xx Acronyms

EPS Evolved Packet SystemETSI European Telecommunications Standards InstituteE-UTRAN Evolved UTRANFACCH Fast Associated Control ChannelFANR Fast Ack/Nack ReportingFCC Federal Communications CommissionFDD Frequency Division DuplexFEP Frame Error ProbabilityFER Frame Erasure RateFH Frequency HoppingFL Fractional LoadFLO Flexible Layer OneFN Frame NumberFR Full-Rate (speech)FTP File Transfer ProtocolGAN Generic Access NetworkGANC GAN controllerGEA GPRS Encryption AlgorithmGERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access NetworkGGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGMM GPRS Mobility ManagementGMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGNSS Generic Navigational Satellite SystemGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGPS Global Positioning SystemGSM Global System for Mobile communicationsGSM Groupe Special Mobile (Special Mobile Group)GSM-R GSM RailwayHeNB Home eNode BHLR Home Location RegisterHNB Home Node BHO HandoverHR Half-Rate (speech)HS Harmonized StandardHSCSD High-Speed CSDHSN Hopping Sequence NumberHSPA High-Speed Packet AccessHW HardwareICI Inter-Channel InterferenceIE Information ElementIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIF Intermediate FrequencyIM IntermodulationIMD Intermodulation DistortionIMS IP Multimedia Subsystem


Acronyms xxi

IntServ Integrated ServicesIP Internet ProtocolIRC Interference Rejection CombiningISDN Integrated Services Data NetworkITU-T International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunications

Standardization SectorJD Joint DetectionKPI Key Performance IndicatorL1 Layer 1 (Physical Layer)L2 Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)L2S Link-to-System MappingL3 Layer 3 (Network Layer)LAN Local Area NetworkLAPDm Link Access Protocol on the Dm channelLGMSK Linearized Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingLLC Logical Link Control (protocol)LNA Low Noise AmplifierLO Local OscillatorLPC Linear Predictive CodingLTE Long Term EvolutionLTP Long Term Predictor/PredictionM3UA MTP Level 3 (MTP3) User Adaptation Layer (SIGTRAN)MA Mobile AllocationMAC Medium Access Control (protocol)MAIO Mobile Allocation Index OffsetMBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast ServiceMCBTS Multicarrier BTSMCPA Multicarrier Power AmplifierMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeMEAN BEP Mean of Bit Error ProbabilityMGW Media GatewayMIMO Multiple Input Multiple OutputMMI Man-Machine InterfaceMOS Mean Opinion ScoreMPLS Multi-protocol Label SwitchingMS Mobile StationMSC Mobile Switching CenterMSR Multi-Standard RadioMSRD MS Receiver DiversityMTP Message Transfer PartMTS MUROS Test ScenarioMUROS Multi-User Reusing One SlotMUSHRA MUlti Stimulus test with Hidden Reference and AnchorsNACC Network Assisted Cell ChangeNack, NACK Negative Acknowledgement


xxii Acronyms

NB NarrowbandNCCR Network Controlled Cell Re-selectionNPM Non-Persistent ModeNRT Non-Real-TimeOPEX Operating expendituresOSC Orthogonal Sub-channelsO-TCH/WFS Octal Traffic Channel Wideband Full-Rate SpeechO-TCH/WHS Octal Traffic Channel Wideband Half-Rate SpeechOTD Observed Time DifferencePA Power AmplifierPACCH Packet Associated Control ChannelPAMR Private Access Mobile RadioPAN Piggy-backed Ack/NackPAR Peak-to-Average power RatioPC Power ControlPCM Pulse Code ModulationPCS Personal Communications ServicePCU Packet Control UnitPDAN Packet Downlink Ack/NackPDCH Packet Data ChannelPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyPDP Packet Data ProtocolPDTCH Packet Data Traffic ChannelPDU Packet Data Unit / Protocol Data UnitPESQ Perceptual Evaluation of Speech QualityPFC Packet Flow ContextPFI Packet Flow IdentifierPFM Packet Flow ManagementP-GSM Primary GSM bandPIN Personal Identification NumberPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPM Phase ModulationPOTS Plain Old Telephony ServicePPC Progressive Power ControlPS Packet-Switch(ed)PS Packet SwitchedPSI Packet System InformationPSK Phase Shift KeyingPSN Packet Switched NetworkPSTN Public-Switched Telephone NetworkPTCCH Packet Timing Control ChannelPUAN Packet Uplink Ack/NackQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQC Quality ControlQoS Quality of Service


Acronyms xxiii

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingRA Routing AreaRAT Radio Access TechnologyRB Radio BlockRF Radio FrequencyRFC Request For CommentRLC Radio Link Control (protocol)RLF Radio Link FailureRLT Radio Link TimeoutRPE Regular Pulse ExcitationRPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excited Long Term PredictionRR Radio ResourceRRC Radio Resource ControlRRC Root Raised CosineRRH Remote Radio HeadRRM Radio Resource ManagementRT Real TimeRTT Round Trip TimeRTTI Reduced TTI (10 ms)Rx, RX ReceiveRXLEV Received Power levelRXQUAL Received QualitySABM Set Asynchronous Balanced ModeSACCH Slow Associated Control ChannelSAIC Single Antenna Interference CancellationSCBTS Single carrier BTSSCCP Signaling Connection Control PartSCH Synchronization ChannelSCPIR Sub-channel Power Imbalance RatioSCTP S Common Transport ProtocolSDCA Service Dependent Channel AllocationSDCCH Stand-alone Dedicated Control ChannelSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySDU Service Data UnitSE Spectrum EfficiencySEGW Security GatewaySGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeSI System InformationSIC Successive Interference CancellationSID Silence Indicator DescriptionSIGTRAN Signaling Transport protocol stack for PSTN signaling over IPSIM Subscriber Identity ModuleSIM ATK SIM Application ToolkitSINR Signal to Interference and Noise RatioSMA Static Mobile Allocation


xxiv Acronyms

S-MIC Successive Mono Interference CancellationSMLC Serving Mobile Location CenterSMS Short Message ServiceSNDCP Sub Network Dependent Convergence ProtocolSNR Signal to Noise RatioSPD Speech DecoderSPE Speech EncoderSSID Service Set IdentifierSSN Starting Sequence NumberSTIRC Space Time Interference Rejection CombiningSW SoftwareTAPS TETRA Advanced Packet ServiceTBF Temporary Block FlowTC TranscoderTC Turbo CodingTC MSG Technical Committee Mobile Standards GroupTCH Traffic ChannelTCH/AFS Traffic Channel using Adaptive Multi-Rate Full Rate SpeechTCH/AHS Traffic Channel using Adaptive Multi-Rate Half Rate SpeechTCH/EFS Traffic Channel using Enhanced Full Rate SpeechTCH/FS Traffic Channel using Full Rate SpeechTCH/HS Traffic Channel using Half Rate SpeechTCH/WFS Traffic Channel using Wideband Adaptive Multi-Rate Full Rate

Speech and GMSKTCO Total Cost of OwnershipTCP Transmission Control ProtocolTDD Time Division DuplexTDM Time DivisionTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTETRA Terrestrial Trunked RadioTFES Task Force for ETSI ERM and MSG for Harmonized Standards for

IMT-2000TFO Tandem Free OperationT-GSM Trunked GSMTHP Traffic Handling PriorityTHR ThresholdTIA/IS Telecommunications Industry Association / International StandardTOA Time Of ArrivalTOM Tunneling of MessagesTOP Temporary OverpowerTP ThroughputTR Technical ReportTRAU Transcoder and Rate Adaptation UnitTrFO Transcoder Free OperationTRX Transceiver


Acronyms xxv

TS Technical SpecificationTS Time slotTSC Training Sequence CodeTSG Technical Specification GroupTTA Telecommunications Technology AssociationTTC Telecommunication Technology CommitteeTTI Transfer Time IntervalTUxx Typical Urban environment with MS speed of xx km/hrTx; TX TransmitUA Unnumbered AcknowledgementUAS EGPRS2-A Uplink modulation and coding schemeUBS EGPRS2-B Uplink modulation and coding schemeUDP User Datagram ProtocolUE User EquipmentUEM Unwanted Emission MaskUL Uplink (mobile to network)UM Unacknowledged ModeUMA Unlicensed Mobile AccessUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemURL Uniform Resource LocatorUSF Uplink State FlagU-TDOA Uplink Time Difference Of ArrivalUTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkVAMOS Voice over Adaptive Multi-user channels on One SlotVGCS Voice Group Call ServiceVoIP Voice over IPV-SELP Vector Sum Excited Linear PredictionWAPECS Wireless Access Policy for Electronic Communications ServicesWB WidebandWCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessWG Working GroupWLAN Wireless LANWWW World Wide Web

P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABCc01 BLBK323-Saily August 10, 2010 9:22 Printer Name: Yet to Come

Part IGSM/EDGEStandardization

P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABCc01 BLBK323-Saily August 10, 2010 9:22 Printer Name: Yet to Come

evolution and performance · p1: ote/ote/sph p2: ote fm blbk323-saily august 25, 2010 19:47 printer...

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