exam 2 review astronomy 101 jeopardy the interstellar medium measurement techniques the lives of...
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Exam 2 ReviewAstronomy 101 Jeopardy
The Interstellar Medium
Measurement Techniques
The Lives of Stars
The Deaths of Stars
The H-R Diagram
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An astronomer studying newborn stars should search for these star-
forming regions of the ISM.
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• Giant molecular clouds
This type of light is the most easily scattered.
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• Blue Light
Thermal energy causes clumps in giantmolecular clouds to increase their temperature;
this form of energy causes the clumps tocontract in size.
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• Gravitational potential energy
OB Associations produce UV radiation whichcan excite or ionize hydrogen atoms, producing
a reddish glow from these types of nebulae.
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• Emission nebulae
Young stars eject mass into space, creating a solar wind that blows away any
remaining parts of the nebula, during this stage of star formation.
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• T Tauri stage
The color index B-V measures a star's apparent magnitude in these two filters.
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• B = Blue
• V = Visible or Yellow
The distance between Earth and a nearby star can be calculated by
measuring this.
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• Parallax angle
We can use apparent magnitudes whendetermining the age of a star cluster becausewe assume all the stars have this in common.
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• Distance from Earth
A parsec is a unit of distance, and is equivalent to this many light
years.
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• 3.26 light years
If we measure a parallax angle of 1 arcsec for a star that we know is 1 pc away, then we know the baseline for
our measurement must be this.
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1 AU (astronomical unit)
Stars spend about 90% of their lifetimes in this region of the H-R diagram.
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• Main Sequence
While on the main sequence, the coreof a star is undergoing nuclear fusion
which turns hydrogen into this element.
Helium
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This spectral type of star (OBAFGKM)spends the longest amount of time on
the main sequence.
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• M Stars
This balance is reached when the inwardpull of gravity is exactly balanced by
a source of outward pressure.
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Hydrostatic Equilibrium
The stellar classifications scheme(OBAFGKM) was originally based on
the strength of absorption lines producedby this element.
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• Hydrogen
Stars leave the main sequence whenthis process stops in their cores.
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• Hydrogen fusion
Very heavy elements, such as gold, are made when very massive stars
become one of these.
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• Supernova explosion
When a star like the Sun dies and becomes a white dwarf, it will be composed mostly of this element.
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• Carbon
This strange form of pressure prevents awhite dwarf from collapsing into a
neutron star or black hole.
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• Electron degeneracy pressure
The cores of very massive stars never reach a degenerate stage between fusion
cycles; thus, massive stars never experience this (which is common in low
mass stars).
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• Helium Flash
The H-R diagram is used to show the relationship between the temperature
of a star and this.
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• Luminosity
Astronomers use these to trace out a star's evolution on the HR
diagram.
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• Evolutionary tracks
These types of diagrams, which plot apparent magnitudes as a function of
color indices, are really H-R diagrams in disguise.
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Color Magnitude Diagrams
Main sequence stars form (approximately) a diagonal line across an H-R diagram. These
types of objects occupy the lower left region of an H-R diagram (high
temperature, low luminosity).
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White dwarfs
The H-R diagram is named after these two astronomers who
developed it.
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Hertzsprung and Russell
Astronomy Jeopardy Rules
• Get into groups of 4-5 people and select one person to be the team “buzzer.”
• After a question is asked, everyone on a team must agree on the answer.
• When you have the answer, the team “buzzer” who puts his/her hand up fastest will be called on first.
• You must answer in the form of a question! No shouting out answers!
Play Jeopardy!