exam review part 1 sph4c. definitions acceleration
TRANSCRIPT
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Exam Review Part 1
SPH4C
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Definitions
acceleration
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Definitions
acceleration
N. The rate of change in the velocity of an object
t
vva
12
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Definitions
charge
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Definitions
charge
O. A quantity of electricity
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Definitions
current
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Definitions
current
J. The rate of flow of electric charge
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Definitions
density
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Definitions
density
H. The mass per unit volume of a material
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Definitions
displacement
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Definitions
displacement
C. The change in position of an object
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Definitions
force
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Definitions
force
M. A push or pull
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Definitions
mass
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Definitions
mass
A. The quantity of matter in an object
More mass = More inertia
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Definitions
potential difference
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Definitions
potential difference
L. The energy per unit charge
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Definitions
power
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Definitions
power
I. The rate of doing work or transforming energy
t
hmg
t
WP
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Definitions
pressure
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Definitions
pressure
G. The magnitude of the force per unit area
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Definitions
resistance
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Definitions
resistance
K. The opposition to the flow of charge in a material
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Definitions
torque
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Definitions
torque
F. The turning effect caused by a force
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Definitions
velocity
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Definitions
velocity
D. The rate of change in the position of an object
t
dvav
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Definitions
volume
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Definitions
volume
B. The amount of space an object takes up
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Definitions
work
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Definitions
work
E. The amount of energy transferred to an object by a force
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Units
acceleration
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Units
acceleration
I. Metres per second per second (m/s2)
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Units
charge
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Units
charge
B. Coulomb (C)
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Units
current
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Units
current
A. Ampere (A)
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Units
density
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Units
density
F. Kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3)
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Units
displacement
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Units
displacement
G. Metre (m)
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Units
force
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Units
force
J. Newton (N)
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Units
mass
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Units
mass
E. Kilogram (kg)
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Units
potential difference
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Units
potential difference
N. Volt (V)
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Units
power
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Units
power
O. Watt (W)
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Units
pressure
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Units
pressure
L. Pascal (Pa)
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Units
resistance
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Units
resistance
M. Ohm ()
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Units
torque
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Units
torque
K. Newton-metre (N·m)
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Units
velocity
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Units
velocity
H. Metres per second (m/s)
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Units
volume
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Units
volume
C. Cubic metres (m3)
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Units
work
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Units
work
D. Joule (J)
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Units
Weight is measured using which of the following units?
A. kg B. N C. J D. Both A and B
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Units
Weight is measured using which of the following units?
A. kg *B. N C. J D. Both A and B
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Units
Kinetic energy is measured using which of the following units?
A. kg B. N C. J D. W
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Units
Kinetic energy is measured using which of the following units?
A. kg B. N *C. J D. W
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Units
What are the units of efficiency? Explain why.
Efficiency has no units because it is the ratio of energy out to energy in – the units cancel out.
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Motion
What is the difference between a scalar and a vector? Give an example of each:
Scalars have magnitude only (speed, work, current, etc.).
Vectors have magnitude and direction (velocity, force, etc.).
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Motion
What is your displacement if you walk 24 m east and then 15 m west?
A. 9 m east B. 9 m west C. 39 m east D. 39 m west
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Motion
What is your displacement if you walk 24 m east and then 15 m west?
*A. 9 m east B. 9 m west C. 39 m east D. 39 m west
24 m
15 m9 m
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Motion
The slope of a position-time graph measures which of the following quantities?
A. acceleration B. displacement C. velocity D. none of the above
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Motion
The slope of a position-time graph measures which of the following quantities?
A. acceleration B. displacement *C. velocity D. none of the above
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Motion
Which of the following situations most accurately demonstrates an object moving with constant velocity?
A. a bungee jumper B. a sailboat in a steady windC. the Moon orbiting the Earth D. both B and C
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Motion
Which of the following situations most accurately demonstrates an object moving with constant velocity?
A. a bungee jumper *B. a sailboat in a steady windC. the Moon orbiting the Earth D. both B and C
The velocity of the Moon’s orbit cannot be constant because its direction changes.
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Motion
What is the average speed of a vehicle that takes 0.5 h to travel 30 km?
A. 15 km/h B. 60 km/h C. 150 km/h D. It cannot be determined.
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Motion
What is the average speed of a vehicle that takes 0.5 h to travel 30 km?
A. 15 km/h *B. 60 km/h C. 150 km/h D. It cannot be determined.
t
dvav
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Motion
Ms. Rosebery is driving at 20 m/s [N] when she hits the brakes and comes to a complete stop in 10 s. Her acceleration while she is braking is:
A.0 B. B.2 m/s2 [N] C. 2 m/s2 [S] D. It cannot be determined.
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Motion
Ms. Rosebery is driving at 20 m/s [N] when she hits the brakes and comes to a complete stop in 10 s. Her acceleration while she is braking is:
A.0 B. B.2 m/s2 [N] *C. 2 m/s2 [S] D. It cannot be determined.
t
vva
12
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Motion
An object with an initial velocity of 4.0 m/s [N] is accelerated at 2.0 m/s2 [S] for 2.0 s. What is the final velocity of the object?
A. 4.0 m/s [S] B. 8.0 m/s [N] C. 8.0 m/s [S] D. zero
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Motion
An object with an initial velocity of 4.0 m/s [N] is accelerated at 2.0 m/s2 [S] for 2.0 s. What is the final velocity of the object?
A. 4.0 m/s [S] B. 8.0 m/s [N] C. 8.0 m/s [S] *D. zero
tavv 12
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Motion
A ball is dropped from some height. Neglecting air resistance, while the ball is falling, the magnitude of its velocity increases and the magnitude of its acceleration _____________.
A. increases B. decreasesC. is zero D. is a non-zero constant
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Motion
A ball is dropped from some height. Neglecting air resistance, while the ball is falling, the magnitude of its velocity increases and the magnitude of its acceleration _____________.
A. increases B. decreasesC. is zero *D. is a non-zero constant
28.9 smg
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Forces: Matching
applied force
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Forces: Matching
applied force
F. force that results when one object contacts another
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Forces: Matching
drag
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Forces: Matching
drag
E. force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid (including air)
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Forces: Matching
friction
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Forces: Matching
friction
C. force that acts opposite to motion or attempted motion
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Forces: Matching
normal force
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Forces: Matching
normal force
D. perpendicular force exerted by a surface
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Forces: Matching
tension
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Forces: Matching
tension
A. force exerted on an object by an attached rope or string
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Forces: Matching
weight
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Forces: Matching
weight
B. gravitational force on an object
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Forces
Which object has the least inertia?
A. a feather B. a pen C. a textbook D. a desk
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Forces
Which object has the least inertia?
*A. a feather B. a pen C. a textbook D. a desk
More mass = More inertia
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Forces
A 5.0 kg object has an net force of 30.0 N acting on it. What is the acceleration of the object?
A. 6 m/s2 B. 30 m/s2 C. 150 m/s2 D. It cannot be determined.
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Forces
A 5.0 kg object has an net force of 30.0 N acting on it. What is the acceleration of the object?
*A. 6 m/s2 B. 30 m/s2 C. 150 m/s2 D. It cannot be determined.
m
Fa net
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Forces
A book is resting on a table. The Earth is exerting a gravitational force of 8 N [down] on the book. Which of the following is the reaction force?
A. 8 N [up] the table exerts on the book B. 8 N [down] the book exerts on the tableC. 8 N [up] the book exerts on the Earth D. There is no reaction force.
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Forces
A book is resting on a table. The Earth is exerting a gravitational force of 8 N [down] on the book. Which of the following is the reaction force?
A. 8 N [up] the table exerts on the book B. 8 N [down] the book exerts on the table*C. 8 N [up] the book exerts on the Earth D. There is no reaction force.
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Forces
What is the weight of a rock of mass 1.5 kg?
A. 0.15 N B. 6.5 N C. 9.8 N D. 15 N
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Forces
What is the weight of a rock of mass 1.5 kg?
A. 0.15 N B. 6.5 N C. 9.8 N *D. 15 N
mgFg
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Forces
Which of Newton's Laws explains why you feel as if you are being pushed back in the seat when the vehicle in which you are riding suddenly accelerates forward?
A. Newton's 1st B. Newton's 2nd C. Newton's 3rd D. none of the above
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Forces
Which of Newton's Laws explains why you feel as if you are being pushed back in the seat when the vehicle in which you are riding suddenly accelerates forward?
*A. Newton's 1st B. Newton's 2nd C. Newton's 3rd D. none of the above
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Forces
Fuzzy dice are hanging from the rear-view mirror of a car that is travelling backward at constant speed. The dice are:
A. angled toward the back of the car B. angled toward the front of the car C. hanging straight down D. It cannot be determined.
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Forces
Fuzzy dice are hanging from the rear-view mirror of a car that is travelling backward at constant speed. The dice are:
A. angled toward the back of the car B. angled toward the front of the car *C. hanging straight down D. It cannot be determined.
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Forces
A box is being pushed across a surface with a constant velocity of 3.0 m/s [W]. What is the direction of the frictional force?
A. West B. East C. up D. down
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Forces
A box is being pushed across a surface with a constant velocity of 3.0 m/s [W]. What is the direction of the frictional force?
A. West *B. East C. up D. down
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Simple Machines
A machine may change the ____________ of a force.
A. direction B. magnitude C. both A and B D. Neither A nor B
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Simple Machines
A machine may change the ____________ of a force.
A. direction B. magnitude *C. both A and B D. Neither A nor B
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Simple Machines
Pliers are made up of two attached __________.
A. inclined planes B. levers C. screws D. wedges
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Simple Machines
Pliers are made up of two attached __________.
A. inclined planes *B. levers C. screws D. wedges
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Simple Machines
Stairs are considered to be a member of which family of simple machines?
A. inclined plane B. lever C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
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Simple Machines
Stairs are considered to be a member of which family of simple machines?
*A. inclined plane B. lever C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
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Simple Machines
If it takes a force of 10 N to pull a 20 N weight up an inclined plane, the AMA was:
A. 0.5 B. 1 C. 2 D. It cannot be determined.
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Simple Machines
If it takes a force of 10 N to pull a 20 N weight up an inclined plane, the AMA was:
A. 0.5 B. 1 *C. 2 D. It cannot be determined.
E
L
F
FAMA
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Simple Machines
Which will be larger: actual mechanical advantage (AMA) or ideal mechanical advantage (IMA)?
A. AMA B. IMA C. They are equal. D. It cannot be determined.
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Simple Machines
Which will be larger: actual mechanical advantage (AMA) or ideal mechanical advantage (IMA)?
A. AMA *B. IMA C. They are equal. D. It cannot be determined.
In the real world, friction reduces the mechanical advantage.
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Simple Machines
Torque on a lever will increase when the force is applied ______________ the fulcrum.
A. closer to B. further from C. either A or B D. neither A nor B
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Simple Machines
Torque on a lever will increase when the force is applied ______________ the fulcrum.
A. closer to *B. further from C. either A or B D. neither A nor B
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Simple Machines
When the effort torque is equal to the load torque, the lever is in _________ equilibrium.
A. constant B. inertial C. static D. all of the above
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Simple Machines
When the effort torque is equal to the load torque, the lever is in _________ equilibrium.
A. constant B. inertial *C. static D. all of the above
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Simple Machines
A wheelbarrow is an example of a _______ class lever.
A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. It is not a lever.
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Simple Machines
A wheelbarrow is an example of a _______ class lever.
A. 1st *B. 2nd C. 3rd D. It is not a lever.
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Simple Machines
Which class of lever will always have an IMA of less than 1?
A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. all of them
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Simple Machines
Which class of lever will always have an IMA of less than 1?
A. 1st B. 2nd *C. 3rd D. all of them
L
E
d
dIMA
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Simple Machines
What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the pulley system at right?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
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Simple Machines
What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the pulley system at right?
A. 0 B. 1 *C. 2 D. 3
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Simple Machines
If a small gear is used to turn a large gear, the __________ will increase.
A. speed B. torque C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
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Simple Machines
If a small gear is used to turn a large gear, the __________ will increase.
A. speed *B. torque C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
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Energy
The work done on a system is equal to its change in:
A. force B. energy C. power D. both B and C
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Energy
The work done on a system is equal to its change in:
A. force *B. energy C. power D. both B and C
EW
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Energy
Energy may be measured in:
A. Joules B. calories C. kilowatt-hours D. all of the above
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Energy
Energy may be measured in:
A. Joules B. calories C. kilowatt-hours *D. all of the above
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Energy
1 Joule is equivalent to:
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Energy
1 Joule is equivalent to:
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Energy
A girl lifts a book at constant velocity. Which of the following is increased? The book's:
A. gravitational potential energy B. kinetic energyC. both A and B D. neither A nor B
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Energy
A girl lifts a book at constant velocity. Which of the following is increased? The book's:
*A. gravitational potential energy B. kinetic energyC. both A and B D. neither A nor B
mghEg
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Energy
The 4-kg book is lifted 1 m in 2 s. What was the power output?
A. 0 W B. 20 W C. 40W D. 80 W
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Energy
The 4-kg book is lifted 1 m in 2 s. What was the power output?
A. 0 W *B. 20 W C. 40W D. 80 W
t
mgh
t
WP
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Energy
What work is required to accelerate a 2-kg toy car from a speed of 1 m/s to a speed of 2 m/s?
A. 1 J B. 3 J C. 4 J D. It cannot be determined.
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Energy
What work is required to accelerate a 2-kg toy car from a speed of 1 m/s to a speed of 2 m/s?
A. 1 J *B. 3 J C. 4 J D. It cannot be determined.
212
1222
1 mvmvEW k
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Energy
An object with a kinetic energy of 40 J is brought to rest by friction. The work done by friction was:
A. -40 J B. 0 J C. 40 J D. It cannot be determined.
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Energy
An object with a kinetic energy of 40 J is brought to rest by friction. The work done by friction was:
*A. -40 J B. 0 J C. 40 J D. It cannot be determined.
If the force is opposite the direction of motion, it decreases the energy of the object.
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Energy
A machine uses 480 J of chemical energy to do 120 J of work. The efficiency of the machine is:
A. 4% B. 25% C. 120% D. 400%
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Energy
A machine uses 480 J of chemical energy to do 120 J of work. The efficiency of the machine is:
A. 4% *B. 25% C. 120% D. 400%
%100in
out
E
Eefficiency
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Energy
The 360 J of energy lost in the previous question was probably lost as _____________ energy.
A. elastic potential B. gravitational potentialC. heat D. kinetic
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Energy
The 360 J of energy lost in the previous question was probably lost as _____________ energy.
A. elastic potential B. gravitational potential*C. heat D. kinetic
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Energy
A projectile is launched from ground level. At the highest point in its trajectory its total mechanical energy is ___________ its total mechanical energy at its launch position.
A. less than B. equal to C. greater than D. It cannot be determined.
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Energy
A projectile is launched from ground level. At the highest point in its trajectory its total mechanical energy is ___________ its total mechanical energy at its launch position.
A. less than *B. equal to C. greater than D. It cannot be determined.
If there is no work being done on an object, its energy is not changed.
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Electricity and Magnetism
The electrons in a DC circuit will flow:
A. from the positive terminal to the negative terminal
B. from the negative terminal to the positive terminal
C. alternately A and BD. It cannot be determined.
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Electricity and Magnetism
The electrons in a DC circuit will flow:
A. from the positive terminal to the negative terminal
*B. from the negative terminal to the positive terminal
C. alternately A and BD. It cannot be determined.
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Electricity and Magnetism
If the resistance of a circuit is increased, the current through the circuit will:
A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same D. It cannot be determined.
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Electricity and Magnetism
If the resistance of a circuit is increased, the current through the circuit will:
A. increase *B. decrease C. remain the same D. It cannot be determined.
R
VI
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Electricity and Magnetism
Two 4 resistors are placed in parallel. Their equivalent resistance is:
A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16
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Electricity and Magnetism
Two 4 resistors are placed in parallel. Their equivalent resistance is:
*A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16
2
2
1
4
2
4
1
4
11
eq
eq
Rso
R
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Electricity and Magnetism
If the voltage supplied to a circuit is increased, the current through the circuit will:
A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same D. It cannot be determined.
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Electricity and Magnetism
If the voltage supplied to a circuit is increased, the current through the circuit will:
*A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same D. It cannot be determined.
R
VI
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Electricity and Magnetism
If the voltage supplied to a circuit is increased, the power consumed by the load will:
A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same D. It cannot be determined.
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Electricity and Magnetism
If the voltage supplied to a circuit is increased, the power consumed by the load will:
*A. increase B. decrease C. remain the same D. It cannot be determined.
VIP
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Electricity and Magnetism
A bar magnet is moved inside a conducting coil and locked into place. Current will flow when:
A. the magnet is moved into the coil B. the magnet is locked into placeC. both A and B D. neither A nor B
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Electricity and Magnetism
A bar magnet is moved inside a conducting coil and locked into place. Current will flow when:
*A. the magnet is moved into the coil B. the magnet is locked into placeC. both A and B D. neither A nor B
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Electricity and Magnetism
A generator is a device that:
A. turns mechanical energy into electrical energy
B. turns electrical energy into mechanical energyC. alternately A and BD. neither A nor B
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Electricity and Magnetism
A generator is a device that:
*A. turns mechanical energy into electrical energy
B. turns electrical energy into mechanical energyC. alternately A and BD. neither A nor B
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Electricity and Magnetism
A transformer requires:
A. AC B. DC C. both AC and DC D. neither AC nor DC
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Electricity and Magnetism
A transformer requires:
*A. AC B. DC C. both AC and DC D. neither AC nor DC
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Electricity and Magnetism
The part of a DC motor that rotates due to magnetic forces is called the:
A. armature B. brush C. commutator D. field magnet
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Electricity and Magnetism
The part of a DC motor that rotates due to magnetic forces is called the:
*A. armature B. brush C. commutator D. field magnet
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Fluids
The order of substances from maximum to minimum compressibility is:
A. air, water, steel B. steel, water, airC. water, air, steel D. air, steel, water
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Fluids
The order of substances from maximum to minimum compressibility is:
*A. air, water, steel B. steel, water, airC. water, air, steel D. air, steel, water
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Fluids
Pneumatic systems will have a ___________ response time compared to that of hydraulic systems.
A. faster B. slower C. similar
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Fluids
Pneumatic systems will have a ___________ response time compared to that of hydraulic systems.
A. faster *B. slower C. similar
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FluidsWhen you shift from standing on two feet to standing on
one foot:
A. the normal force increases and pressure remains the same
B. the normal force decreases and pressure remains the same
C. the normal force remains the same and pressure increases
D. the normal force remains the same and pressure decreases
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FluidsWhen you shift from standing on two feet to standing on
one foot:
A. the normal force increases and pressure remains the same
B. the normal force decreases and pressure remains the same
*C. the normal force remains the same and pressure increases
D. the normal force remains the same and pressure decreases
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Fluids
A barometer is a device used to measure ___________ pressure.
A. absolute B. atmospheric C. gauge D. all of the above
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Fluids
A barometer is a device used to measure ___________ pressure.
A. absolute *B. atmospheric C. gauge D. all of the above
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Fluids
If the height of a column of fluid is increased, it will exert __________ pressure.
A. more B. less C. the same
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Fluids
If the height of a column of fluid is increased, it will exert __________ pressure.
*A. more B. less C. the same
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Fluids
In a hydraulic system with two pistons, piston A is half the diameter of piston B.
The pressure on piston A is _________ the pressure on piston B.
A. 1/4 B. 1/2 C. 2 times D. 4 times E. the same as
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Fluids
In a hydraulic system with two pistons, piston A is half the diameter of piston B.
The pressure on piston A is _________ the pressure on piston B.
A. 1/4 B. 1/2 C. 2 times D. 4 times *E. the same as
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Fluids
In the previous question, the force on piston A is _________ the force on piston B.
A. 1/4 B. 1/2 C. 2 times D. 4 times E. the same as
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Fluids
In the previous question, the force on piston A is _________ the force on piston B.
*A. 1/4 B. 1/2 C. 2 times D. 4 times E. the same as
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Fluids
Which of the following fluids would have the lowest viscosity?
A. water B. syrup C. hand soap D. The viscosities are the same.
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Fluids
Which of the following fluids would have the lowest viscosity?
*A. water B. syrup C. hand soap D. The viscosities are the same.
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Fluids
Flow in which the particles of the fluid move smoothly over each other is called __________ flow.
A. eddy B. laminar C. turbulent D. viscous
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Fluids
Flow in which the particles of the fluid move smoothly over each other is called __________ flow.
A. eddy *B. laminar C. turbulent D. viscous
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Fluids
If the speed of a fluid is increased, the pressure is:
A. increased B. decreased C. unchanged D. It cannot be determined.
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Fluids
If the speed of a fluid is increased, the pressure is:
A. increased *B. decreased C. unchanged D. It cannot be determined.