excel notes 2

8/10/2019 Excel Notes 2

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EXCEL NOTES 2

Example Using Excel' s STANDARD DEVIATI ON and AVERAGE F unctions:

For help with this example, see the image above.

1. Enter the following data into cells E1 to E6: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.

2. In cell D7 enter the headingAverage:and in cell D8 Std Dev:

Calculating the Average Value

1. Click on cell E7 - the location where the AVERAGE function will be entered.

2. Click on theFormulastab.

3. Choose More Functions > Statisticalfrom theribbon to open the function drop down list.

4.

Click onAVERAGEin the list to bring up the function'sdialog box.

5. Drag select cells E1 to E6 in thespreadsheet to enter the range into the dialog box.

6. Click OK.

7. The answer 13.5, which is the average value for the data in cells E1 to E6, should appear in cell E7.

Calculating the Standard Deviation

1. Click on cell E8 - the location where the STDEV function (standard deviation) will be entered.

2.

Click on theFormulastab.

3. Choose More Functions > Statisticalfrom theribbon to open the function drop down list.

4. Click on STDEVin the list to bring up the function'sdialog box.

5. Drag select cells E1 to E6 in thespreadsheet to enter the range into the dialog box.

6. Click OK.

7. The answer 1.870828693 should appear in cell E7.

8.

This number (approximately 1.87) represents the standard deviation of each number in the list fromthe average value of 13.5.

9. When you click on cell E8 the complete function = STDEV ( E1:E6 )appears in theformula barabove theworksheet.
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Formulas to calculate Loan payments in M icrosoft Excel

CATEGORY -Excel Financial Formulas VERSION -All Microsoft Excel Versions

Formulas that calculate loan payments, principal, interest and more are found in the financial category in the

Paste Function dialog box. In the screen shot is a list of functions and necessary syntax for loan calculations.

See the formulas in the gray cells, and the syntax in rows 12-16.

Syntax for loan calculation functions

Rate- The interest rate per period.

Per- The period for which the interest rate is calculated.

Nper- The total number of payments.

Pv- The present value, the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now.

Type- The timing of the payment, either at the beginning or end of the period. Numbers 0 or 1 represent thepayment date. The number 0 represents payment at the end of the period, and the number 1 representspayment at the beginning of the period. The default (empty argument) is 0. The calculation is at the end ofthe period.

PMT (Rate, Nper, -Loan Amount)

Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.Returns the regular monthly payment on the loan (principal + interest) when the interest for each ofthe monthly payments is constant.Example: The principal of a loan is $100,000, and the term of the loan is three years. The monthlypayment during the term of the loan is calculated at $3,227; see column B in the figure below.

PPMT (Rate, Which Period, Nper, -Loan Amount)

Returns the amount on the principal for a given period for a loan based on periodic, constantpayments and a constant interest rate.Returns the sum of the principal within the monthly payment (the monthly payment is comprised ofthe principal + interest). See various examples of calculations in column C, rows 8:10, and theformula syntax in rows 14:16.IPMT (Rate, Which Period, Nper, -Loan Amount)Returns the interest payment for a given period for a loan based on periodic, constant payments and aconstant interest rate.

Returns the amount of the interest within the monthly payment (the monthly payment is comprised ofthe principal + interest). See the calculation in cell G11 and the formula syntax in G13.

NPER (Rate, Pmt, -Loan Amount)

Returns the number of loan payments with a constant interest rate. See the formula syntax in D12.

RATE (Nper, Pmt, -Loan Amount)

Returns the interest rate per period of a loan. RATE is calculated by iteration and can have zero ormore solutions.
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Returns the percentage of interest on the loan, when the number of payments is constant.

PV (Rate, Nper, Pmt)

PV is the present valuethe total amount that a series of future payments is worth now.Returns the current value for a series of payments with a constant interest rat


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Calculating Fu ture Value Using Excel' s PMT Function

The PMTfunction,one of Excel's Financial functions, can be used to calculate the payments for a loan or thefuture value of an investment.

Thesyntax for the PMT function is:

= PMT ( rate , nper , pv , fv , type )

rate - the annual interest rate for the loan.

nper - the total number of payments to be made on the investment.

pv - the present value of the investment. For future value this argument is omitted.

fv - future value - the value of the investment at the end of the investment period.

type - indicates when payments are made:

"0" (or omitted) - at the end of the period ie: end of the month."1" - at the beginning of the period ie: beginning of the month.

Example Using Excel 2007's PMT Function to Find Future Value:

Note:In this example, the type argument has been omitted (see the image to the right).

1. Enter the following data into cells:

D2- Rate:D3- # of payments:D4- Pv:D5- Future value:D6- Payment:E2- 7E3- 24E4- 0E5- $10,000.00

2. Click on cell E6 - the location where the results will be displayed.


4.

Choose Financial functions > PMTfrom theribbon to bring up the function's dialog box.

5. Click on theRateline in the dialog box.

6. Click on cell E2 in the spreadsheet.

7. After the E2, type a forward slash " / "followed by the number 12 in theRateline of the dialog box.This gives you the interest rate per month.

8. Click on theNperline ( # of payments ) in the dialog box.
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10.Click on thePvline in the dialog box.

11.Click on cell E4 in the spreadsheet.

12.Click on theFvline in the dialog box.

13.Type a minus sign (- ) and then click on cell E5 in the spreadsheet.

14.

Click OK in the dialog box.

15.The payment amount - $389.39 appears in cell E6.

16.When you click on cell E6 the complete function = PMT ( E2/12 , E3 , E4 , -E5 ) appears in theformula bar above theworksheet.

Calculating Loan Payments Using Excel' s PMT Function

The PMTfunction,one of Excel's Financial functions, can be used to calculate the payments for a loan or thefuture value of an investment.

Thesyntax for the PMT function is:

= PMT ( rate , nper , pv , fv , type )

rate - the annual interest rate for the loan.

nper - the total number of payments for the loan.

pv - the present value or the amount borrowed or the "principal of the loan.

fv - future value - for a loan this will be $0.00. For loans this argument can be omitted.

type - indicates when payments are due:

"0" (or omitted) - at the end of the period ie: end of the month."1" - at the beginning of the period ie: beginning of the month.

Example Using Excel 2007's PMT Function to Calculate Loan Payments:

Note:In this example, both the future value and type arguments have been omitted (see the image to theright).

1. Enter the following data into cells:

D2- Rate:D3- # of payments:D4- Principal:D5- Payment:E2- 7%
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E3- 24E4- $5,000.00



4. Choose Financial functions > PMTfrom theribbon to bring up the function's dialog box.

5. Click on theRateline in the dialog box.

6.

Click on cell E2 in the spreadsheet.

7. After the E2, type a forward slash " / "followed by the number 12 in theRateline of the dialog box.This gives you the interest rate per month.

8. Click on theNperline in the dialog box.


10.Click on thePvline in the dialog box.

11.Type a minus sign (- ) and then click on cell E4 in the spreadsheet.

12.Click OK in the dialog box.

13.The answer $223.86 appears in cell E5.

14.When you click on cell E5 the complete function = PMT ( E2/12 , E3 , - E4 )appears in theformulabar above theworksheet.
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Excel' s VLOOKUP Function

Using Excel's VLOOKUP Function

Excel's VLOOKUPfunction,which stands for vertical lookup, is used to find specific information that hasbeen stored in aspreadsheet table.

IF you have an inventory list of parts or a large membership contact list, VLOOKUP can help you find datathat matches specific criteria such as the price of a specific item or a person's phone number.

VLOOKUP Example

Note:Refer to the image above for more information on this example. Thesyntax of the VLOOKUPfunction is covered in detail onpage two.

=VLOOKUP("Widget",D4:E9,2,False)

"Widget"- this VLOOKUP function is looking for the price of Widgets.

D4 : E9- it is looking for this information in the data table located in cells D4 to E9.

2- VLOOKUP is looking for the price in the second column of the table.

False- indicates that only an exact match to the lookup _value "Widget" will be accepted.

The VLOOKUP function returns the results of its search - $14.76 - in cell D1.

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup)

Excel VLOOKUP Function Syntax:

lookup _value:Thisargument is the value that is searched for in the first column of the table array. The lookup _value canbe a text string, a logical value (TRUE or FALSE only), a number, or acell reference to a value.

table_array:

This is the range ofdata that thefunction searches to find your information. The table_array must contain atleast two columns of data. The firstcolumn contains the lookup_values. These values can be text, numbers,or logical values. This argument is a named range or a reference to arange ofcells.
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If you are using a reference to a range a cells, it is a good idea to use anabsolute cell reference for thetable_array.

If you dont use an absolute reference and you copy the VLOOKUP function to other cells, there is a goodchance you will get error messages in the cells the function is copied to.

col_index_num:For this argument, enter the column number of the table_array from which you want data returned from. Forexample:

if the col_index_num is 1, it returns a value from the first column in table_array;if the col_index_num is 2, it returns a value from the second column in table_array.

range_lookup:A logical value (TRUE or FALSE only) that indicates whether you want VLOOKUP to find an exact or anapproximate match to the lookup_value.

If TRUE or if this argument is omitted, VLOOKUP will use an approximate match if it cannot find anexact match to the lookup_value. If an exact match is not found, VLOOKUP uses the next largestlookup_value.

If FALSE, VLOOKUP will only use an exact match to the lookup_value. If there are two or morevalues in the first column of table_array that match the lookup_value, the first value found is used. Ifan exact match is not found, an #N/A error is returned.

Excel VLOOKUP Error Messages

If the lookup_value is not found in the first column of the table_array, VLOOKUP returns the #N/Aerror value.

If the col_index_numargument is greater than the number of columns in table_array, VLOOKUP

returns the #REF! error value.

If the table_arrayargument includes empty columns on the left of the table_array, VLOOKUPreturns the #N/A error value.

VLOOKUP Function Syntax

Using the Excel HLOOKUP Function

VLOOKUP Error Messages
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Using the Excel HLOOKUP Function

Excel's HLOOKUPfunction,short for horizontal lookup, is used to find specific information that has beenstored in aspreadsheet table.

HLOOKUP works much the same theExcel VLOOKUP function, or Vertical Lookup.

The only difference being that VLOOKUP searches for data in columns and HLOOKUP searches for data inrows.

If you have an inventory list of parts or a large membership contact list, HLOOKUP can help you find datathat matches specific criteria such as the price of a specific item or a person's phone number.

Excel HLOOKUP Example

Note:Refer to the image above for more information on this example. Thesyntax of the VLOOKUPfunction is covered in detail on thenext page.

=HLOOKUP("Widget",$D$3:$G$4,2,False)

"Widget"- this HLOOKUP function is looking for the price of Widgets.

$D$3:$G$4- it is looking for this information in the data table located in cells D3 to G4.

2- HLOOKUP is looking for the price in the second row of the table.

False- indicates that only an exact match to the lookup _value "Widget" will be accepted.

The HLOOKUP function returns the results of its search - $14.76 - in cell D1.
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Excel HLOOKUP Function Syntax:

=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup)

lookup _value:Thisargument is the value that is searched for in the first row of the table array. The lookup _value can be atext string, a logical value (TRUE or FALSE only), a number or acell reference to a value.

table_array:

This is the range ofdata that thefunction searches to find your information. The table_array must contain atleast two rowsof data. The firstrow contains the lookup_values.

This argument is either a named range or a reference to arange of cells.

If you are using a reference to a range a cells, it is a good idea to use anabsolute cell reference for thetable_array.

If you do not use an absolute reference and you copy the HLOOKUP function to other cells, there is a goodchance you will get error messages in the cells the function is copied to.

row_index_num:For this argument, enter the row number of the table_array from which you want data returned from. Forexample:

if the row_index_num is 1, it returns a value from the first row of the table_array;if the row_index_num is 2, it returns a value from the second row of the table_array.

range_lookup:A logical value (TRUE or FALSE only) that indicates whether you want HLOOKUP to find an exact or anapproximate match to the lookup_value.

If TRUE or if this argument is omitted, HLOOKUP will use an approximate match if it cannot find anexact match to the lookup_value. If an exact match is not found, HLOOKUP uses the next largestlookup_value.

If FALSE, HLOOKUP will only use an exact match to the lookup_value. If there are two or morevalues in the first column of table_array that match the lookup_value, the first value found is used. Ifan exact match is not found, an #N/A error is returned.
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Excel HLOOKUP Error Messages

If the lookup_value is not found in the first row of the table_array, HLOOKUP returns the #N/Aerror value.

If the row_index_numargument is greater than the number of rows in table_array, HLOOKUPreturns the #REF! error value.

If the table_arrayargument includes empty rows at the top of the table_array, HLOOKUP returnsthe #N/A error value.


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Excel ISNUMBER Function

Excels ISNUMBERfunction is one of a group of Information Functions that can be used to find outinformation about a specificcell,worksheet orworkbook.

The ISNUMBER function's job is to determine if thedata in a certain cell is a number or not. If the data is anumber, a value of TRUE is returned by the function.

If it is not a number, or the cell is empty, a FALSE value is returned. It should be noted that, for thisfunction, dates and times are considered numbers.

Thesyntax for the ISNUMBER function is:

= ISNUMBER ( Value )

Value: Refers to the cell reference that is being checked.

Example Using Excel 2007's ISNUMBER Function:

For help with this example, see the image to the right.

1.

Type a word, such as " January ", into cell D1.



4.

Choose More Functions > Informationfrom theribbon to open the function drop down list.

5. Click onISNUMBERin the list to bring up that function's dialog box.

6. Click on cell D1 in thespreadsheet to enter the cell reference into the dialog box.

7. Click OK.

8. The value FALSE should appear in cell E1 because the data in cell D1 is not a number.

9. The complete function = ISNUMBER ( D1 )appears in theformula bar above the worksheet whenyou click on cell E1.

10.To return a value of TRUE in cell E1, type a number in cell D1 or change the cell reference in thefunction to a cell that contains a number.
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Excel 2007 ISBLANK Function

Excels ISBLANKfunction is one of a group of Information Functions that can be used to find outinformation about a specificcell,worksheet orworkbook.

The ISBLANK function's job is to check to see if a certain cell is empty or not. If the cell is empty, a value ofTRUE is returned by the function.

Ifdata is later added to an empty cell the function will automatically update and return a FALSE value.

Thesyntax for the ISBLANK function is:

= ISBLANK ( Value )

Value: Refers to the cell reference that is being checked.

Example Using Excel 2007's ISBLANK Function:

Note:For help with this example, see the image to the right.

1. Type a number, such as " 3 ", or a word of text into cell C1.

2. Click on cell D1 - the location where the results will be displayed.


4. Choose More Functions > Informationfrom theribbon to open the function drop down list.

5. Click onISBLANKin the list to bring up that function's dialog box.

6. Click on cell C1 in thespreadsheet to enter the cell reference into the dialog box.

7. Click OK.

8. The value FALSE should appear in cell D1 because cell C1 is not empty.

9. The complete function = ISBLANK ( C1 )appears in theformula bar above the worksheet when youclick on cell D1.

10.

To return a value of TRUE in cell D1, delete the data in cell C1 or change the cell reference in thefunction to a cell that is empty.
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Excel 2007 CELL Function

Excels CELLfunction is one of a group of Information Functions that can be used to find out informationabout a specificcell,worksheet orworkbook.

The CELL function's job is to give out information about a cell such as its formatting, the type ofdata itcontains, and whether or not the cell is locked or protected.

Thesyntax for the CELL function is:

= CELL (info_type , reference )

Info_type: Refers to the type of cell information being sought.

Only specific key words can be used for this parameter. A list of the keywords can be found in Excel's helpfile for this function.

Reference: Refers to the cell reference that is being checked.

Example Using Excel 2007's CELL Function:

Note:For help with this example, see the image to the right.

1. Type a number, such as " 23 ", into cell D1.



4. Choose More Functions > Informationfrom theribbon to open the function drop down list.

5. Click on CELLin the list to bring up that function's dialog box.

6. Enter the word "type" on the Info_type line of the dialog box

7. Click on the Reference line in the dialog box.

8. Click on cell D1 in thespreadsheet to enter the cell reference into the dialog box.

9. Click OK.

10.The letter " v "should appear in cell E1 to indicate that the data in the cell is avalue.

11.The complete function = CELL ( " type " , D1 )appears in theformula bar above the worksheetwhen you click on cell E1.

Note:

If cell D1 was empty, the letter " b "would appear in cell E1 to indicate that the cell was blank.If cell D1 contained a word of text, the letter " l "would appear in cell E1 to indicate that the cellcontained alabel.If cell D1 contained a date, the letter " v "would appear in cell E1 to indicate that the cell containeda value - dates are often considered to be values in Excel.
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Excel TRANSPOSE F unction

Transpose Rows to Columns in Excel

The TRANSPOSEfunction,one of Excel's Lookup & Reference functions, is used to copydata located in a

row into acolumn or copy data located in a column into a row.

Thesyntax for the TRANSPOSE function is:

{ = TRANSPOSE ( Array )}

Array - therange of cells to be copied from the horizontal to the vertical or vertical to the horizontal.

The curly braces " { }" surrounding the function indicate that it is anarray function.

Example: Transpose Rows to Columns in Excel


1. Enter the following data into cells:B1 - cabbages , B2 - carrots, B3 - radishes

2. Drag select cells D1 to F1 - the location where the results will be displayed.


4. Choose Lookup & Reference functions > TRANSPOSEfrom theribbon to bring up the function's

dialog box.

5. Drag select cells B1 to B3 on the spreadsheet.

6. Press the CTRL, SHIFT, and ENTERkeys on the keyboard at the same time to enter the functionas an array function.

7. The data in cells B1 to B3 should appear in cells D1, E1, and F1.

8. When you click on any of the cells D1 to F1 the complete function{ = TRANSPOSE ( B1 : B3 )}appears in theformula bar above theworksheet.
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Count the Number of Days Between Dates in Excel

Excel DATEDIF Function

The DATEDIFfunction can be used to calculate the number of days between two dates in versions of Excelfrom 97 to 2010.

An interesting point about DATEDIF is that it is an "undocumented" function which means it is not listedwith other functions under theFormulastab in Excel 2007 and 2010.

To use the function you must type it manually into acell on theworksheet rather than using thedialog boxmethod available for other functions.

Thesyntax for the DATEDIF function is:

= DATEDIF ( start_date , end_date , unit )

The function has threearguments that need to be entered as part of the function:

start_date- the first or starting date.end_date- the second or last date.unit- tells the function to find the number of days ("D"), complete months ("M"), or complete years("Y") between the two dates.

The unit argument can also be a combination of days, months, and years:

"YM" - excludes years - calculates the number of months between two dates as if the dates were inthe same year."YD" - excludes years - calculates the number of days between two dates as if the dates were in thesame year.

"MD" - excludes months - calculates the number of days between two dates as if the dates were in thesame month and year.

Count the Number of Days Between Dates Example

Note:Commas are used as separators between the function's three arguments.< /p>


1. Enter the following dates into cells D1 and D2: 1/30/2009 and 5/18/20092. Click on cell E1 in thespreadsheet - this is where the function will be located.3. Type " = datedif " in cell E1.4. Type an opening round bracket " ( " after the function name in cell E1.5. Click on cell D1 in the spreadsheet to enter thecell reference of the start_date into the function.6. Type a comma (, ) in cell E1 after D1 to act as a separator between the two cell references in the

function.
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7. Click on cell D2 in the spreadsheet to enter the cell reference of the end_date into the function afterthe first comma.

8. Type a second comma (, ) in cell E1 following the second cell reference as a second separator.9. For the unit argument, type the letter D in quotes ("D" ) in cell E1 after the second comma to tell the

function we want to know the number of days between the two dates.10.Type the closing bracket " ) ".11.Press the ENTERkey on the keyboard.12.The answer 108 should appear in cell E1 as there are 108 days between January 30th and May 18.13.If you click on cell C1, the complete function = DATEDIF ( D1 , D2 , "D" )appears in theformula

bar above the worksheet.

If you get a #NUM!error in the cell where your function is located, it means that the start_date is larger(later in the year) than the end_date.
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Excel 2007 / 2010 Date Functions

Working with Dates in Excel

Dates are very important in spreadsheets. Not only is it important to add the current date to a spreadsheetwhen it is created, but much of the data stored in a spreadsheet is date related - such as the date of purchases

or expenditures, the length of term of investments, and the date of scientific observations.

Listed below are Excel date function tutorials. Many of these functions are used to calculate the differencebetween two dates, but each does it in a slightly different way.

Excel NETWORKDAYS Function

Excel Date Function Tutorials

The NETWORKDAYSfunction can be used to count the number of working days between two dates - suchas the start and end dates for a project. The function automatically removes weekend days from the total.Specific holidays can also be omitted.

Excel DATEDIF Function


The DATEDIF function can also be used to calculate the number of days between dates. This tutorialincludes a step by step example of using the DATEDIF function in Excel. One way that it differs from theNETWORKDAYS function is that you can specify whether you want to count the difference in days,months, or years.

Excel DAYS360 Function

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The DAYS360 Function, which is also used to calculate the number of days between two dates, is meant foruse in accounting systems that are based on a 360-day year (twelve 30-day months). This tutorial includes anexample that calculates the number of days between two dates using the DAYS360 function in Excel.

Excel WORKDAY function


The WORKDAY function can be used to calculate the end date or start date of a project for a given numberof business days. This tutorial includes an example of calculating the end date of a project using theWORKDAY function in Excel.

Excel EDATE Function


The EDATEfunction can be used to calculate a due date of a project or investment that fall on the same dayof the month as the date it was issued.

Excel NOW Function


The NOW function can be used to add the current time and date to a spreadsheet. You can choose to format

the function to show either the current time or date or both. This tutorial includes an example of using theNOW function in Excel.
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Excel Spreadsheets Mathematical Functions (59)

In annex 8 you have found a description of all 50Excel functions in the "Mathematical" category.Belowis the list of the 9 most useful ones. See more onthe very powerful SUMPRODUCT function in Excelinlesson 11, more on theSUBTOTAL functionin lesson 13, more on the obsoleteSUMIF functionin lesson15 and more on the newSUMIFS functionin lesson 24.

Functions What it Does

SUM Adds its arguments

SUMPRODUCT The most powerful and useful function in Excel

ROUND Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

ROUNDUP Rounds a number up, away from zero

SUBTOTAL Returns a subtotal of a filtered list or database)

TRUNC Truncates a number to an integer

INT Rounds a number down to the nearest integer)

ABS Returns the absolute value of a number

MOD Returns the remainder from division

POWER Returns the result of a number raised to a power

SQRT Returns a positive square root

In Excel 2007 and Up

SUMIFSAdds the cells specified by one or many given criteria

(SUMPRODUCT does better)

TipsRead other general tips on formulas in the Introduction to this section onExcel Functions and Formulas

When you specify in the format of a cell that you want only 2 decimals Excel shows only 2 decimals(rounding up) BUT it still uses all the decimals. For example if in cell A1 you enter 2.1456 and format it toshow only 2 decimals you will see 2.15. Now if in cell B1 you write the formula =A1 and make the format
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"General" you will see that Excel is using all 4 decimals (2.1456). This is why you will need to use functionslike INT, TRUNC, ROUND, ROUNDUP and ROUNDDOWN if you want to use a specific number ofdecimals in your calculations.

SUM

=SUM(A1,B6,G6) or=SUM(A1+B6+G6)will return the sum of the values in cells A1, B6 and G6=SUM(A1:A23)will return the sum of the values in cells A1 to A23=SUM(A1:A23,F3:F34) will return the sum of the values in cells A1 to A23 plus the sum of the values in

cells F3 to F34

In cell B2 of a yearly summary you want to sum the values in cells B2 of each of the monthly sheets. Youhave named your sheets "January" , "February" ....and you have used:

=January!B2+February!B2+March!B2...+December!B2 You can also write this:=SUM(January:December!B2)

TRUNC

I don't use the INT or ROUNDDOWN functions because TRUNC does the same thing and more. TheTRUNC function removes decimals without rounding. If you have 2.2 or 2.7 in cell A1 =TRUNC(A1,0)will

return 2. Interestingly enough if you have 12,345 in B1 using a minus sign in the second argument ofTRUNC =TRUNC(B1,-3)will return (12,000). Handy when you don't want to show the hundreds, the tensand units in a report.

ROUND

This function removes decimals rounding up the last decimal if the next one is 5 or over. So if you have4.126 in cell A1 and use the formula =ROUND(A1,2)the result will be 4.13 if the value in A1 is 4.123 theresult will be 4.12.

ROUNDUP

This function does the same thing as the function ROUND but always rounds up. So if you have 4.126 in cellA1 and use the formula =ROUNDUP(A1,2)the result will be 4.13 if the value in A1 is 4.123 the result willstill be 4.13.

ABS

=ABS(A1) will return 5 if in cell A1 you have -5 or 5. This functions removes the sign.

MOD

The modulo is what is left after a division. =MOD(20,6)is 2 because you have 3 times 6 in 20 and the rest is2. Notice the use of the comma to separate the arguments. See an application below in determining the age ofa person.

SUMPRODUCT

The best kept secret in Microsoft Excel

Here is what Excel says you can do with SUMPRODUCT:

Let's say that you have a series of quantities in cells A1 to A5 and a series of unit prices in B1 to B5. WithSUMPRODUCT you can calculate total sales with this formula: =SUMPRODUCT(A1:A5,B1:B5)


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Basically SUMPRODUCT sums A1 multiplied by B1 plus A2 multiplied by B2.........

In the last 20 years I have used SUMPRODUCT for the purpose presented by Excel once or twice. But I useSUMPRODUCT daily to solve all kinds of other business data problems. It is the most powerful and usefulfunction in Excel. Read chapter 13 that is entirely dedicated toSUMPRODUCT

SUBTOTAL

One of the giant steps (no. 2) that users make is when they learn about thedatabase functionalities in Excel.

When you know how to filter data then SUBTOTAL becomes a very interesting function.

The function SUBTOTAL allows (among other operations) to count, to sum or to calculate the average offiltered elements of a database. The function requires two arguments, the second is the range covered by thefunction and the first is a number between "1" and "11" that specifies the operation to be executed (for ex."1" is for average, "2" is for count and "9" is for sum).

=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B45)

SQRT

Extracting a square root is finding the number that multiplied by itself will result in the number that you are

testing. Extracting a cubic root is finding the number that multiplied by itself two times will result in thenumber that you are testing. Extracting the fourth root is finding the number that multiplied by itself 3 timeswill result in the number that you are testing.

To extract the square root of a number you will use a formula like:=SQRT(16) that will result in 4 because 4 multiplied by 4 is 16 or=SQRT(A1) that will also result in 4 if the value in cell A1 is 16.

There are no specific Excel function to extract the cubic root or any other root. You have to trick thePOWER function into doing it.

POWER

You can raise a number to a power (multiplying it by itself a certain number of times with this function.Hence:=POWER(4,2) will result in 16 (4 times 4) or=POWER(A1,2) will also result in 16 if the value in cell A1 is 4.

You can to trick the POWER function into extracting the square root, the cubic root and any other root bysubmitting a fraction as second argument. For example you can extract the square root of 16 with the formula=POWER(16,1/2), the cubic root with=POWER(16,1/3)and so on.

ROUND, SUM=ROUND(SUM(A1:A5),2)will return the sum of A1 to A5 rounded to 2 decimals.

IF, MOD, TRUNC and &How many dozens are there in 106 units?With the number of units in cell A1 the formulas in B1:=TRUNC(A1/12,0) will return the number of complete dozensthis formula in C1:=MOD(A1,12) will return the number of units left when the total number is divided by 12.
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If you want to present the result as"8 dozens and 10 units" ina single cell you will use the followingformula combining math & Trig functions and the ampersand (& ) sign:=TRUNC(A1/12) & "dozens and " & MOD(A1,12) & " units"

But what if there are 96 units and you don't want the result to show as "8 dozens and 0 units" but as "8dozens" . You will then use this formula:

=IF(MOD(A1,12)=0,TRUNC(A1/12) & " dozens" ,TRUNC(A1/12) & " dozens and " & MOD(A1 12)

& " units" )

INT, TRUNC, MOD and &

You want to determine the age of a person. If in cell " A3" you enter the date of birth, and in cell " B3"today's date, the following formula in " C3" would give you a good approximation of the age (plus or minusa few days):=INT((B3-A3)/365) & " years and " & TRUNC((MOD((B3-A3) 365))/30) & " months"

If in cell A3 you enter the date of birth and in B3 you enter the formula =NOW()then each day when youopen the workbook the age of the person is re-calculated in cell C3


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Excel Spreadsheets Date and Time Functions (21)

Note: The DATEDIFfunction does not show in the drop-down list of Excel functions (even in Excel 2007).

In annex 2 you have found a description of all 21Excel functions in the "Date and Time" category.Belowis the list of the 9 most useful ones.

Functions What it Does

DATE Returns the serial number of a particular date

DATEDIF Calculates the interval in days, months or years between two dates

DAY Converts a serial number to a day of the month

HOUR Converts a serial number to an hour

MINUTE Converts a serial number to a minute

MONTH Converts a serial number to a month

SECOND Converts a serial number to a second

TIME Returns the serial number of a particular time

TODAY Returns the serial number of today's date

YEAR Converts a serial number to a year

NOW Returns the serial number of the current date and time

WEEKDAY Converts a serial number to a day of the week

The three most important things that you should remember when working with dates and times are:

FORMAT, FORMAT and FORMAT.

For example:

If you have the dates 1/16/2005 in cell A1 and 1/22/2005 in cell B1=B1-A1in cell C1 will return:- 6 if the format of cell C1 is either "General" or "Number"- 1/6/1900 if the format of cell C1 is "Date"

If you have a date in cell A1 and you want the date for the next day in cell B1 (formatted "date" ) the formulawill be:
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=A1+1to calculate the date of a week later the formula will be:=A1+7

Tips on Excel Date and Time Functions and Formulas

If you enter the date 2/1/2005 in cell A1 and the number format of the cell is " General" you will see 38394.

This is a " Serial number" and it is the way Excel works with dates and times. When you format the cell oruse one of the functions below the serial number is viewed as times and dates

To enter the date of the day no need to key it in, click and hold the CTRL key and click on the semi-colonkey ( ) and there is the date.

To enter the time, click and hold both the Shift and the CTRL keys and click on the colon key (:) and there isthe time.

Microsoft Excel doesn't work with dates and times, it works with serial numbers This means that when youenter 12/25/2004 Excel sees 38346 and if you enter 12/26/2004 Excel sees 38347. When you enter 12:00:00

PM Excel reads 0.5 and if you write 12:00:01 PM Excel reads 0.5000116. It is when you format the cell "Format/Cells" that you can read dates and times as we humans are accustomed to see them.

By the way, I was born on 18373 at 0.25 so I am an Aries, and you?

This being said, most functions of the category Date & Time are quite easy to work with when you use theright cell format. For example, when you are adding times and expect the total to be over 24 hours you mustset the format of the result cell to " Format/Cells/Time/37:30:55"

If you develop a time management application don't go through the trouble of working with clock time. Askyour people to enter either the number of hours worked by projects or the number of minutes then work with

regular numbers. Much easier.

Examples of basic Excel Date and Time Formulas

DATEDIF

One note to start. If you go to the menu " Insert/Function" you won't find this function. Excel has forgotten it.Here is how it works. Let's say that you have the dates 1/16/2005 in cell A1 and 1/16/2006 in cell B1:=DATEDIF(A1,B1,"y") will return 1=DATEDIF(A1,B1,"m") will return 12=DATEDIF(A1,B1,"d") will return 365

DAY, MONTH, YEAR

With a date in A1 like 12/15/2005 the formulas =DAY(A1), =MONTH(A1)and =YEAR(A1) will return15, 12 and 2005.

SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR

With a TIME in A1 like 1:31:45PM the formulas =SECOND(A1), =MINUTE(A1)and =HOUR(A1) willreturn 1, 31 and 45.


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WEEKDAY

If the date in A1 is 1/16/2006 and it is a Monday the formula =WEEKDAY(A1)will return 2. For mostusers day 1 is Sunday. Check what your system says because in some cases day 1 is Monday.

DATE, DAY, MONTH, YEAR

With the DATE function, the arguments are always in the following order (year,month,day) whatever thedate format specified in your regional parameters.

With a date in cell A1the formula to add a day is:

=DATE(YEAR(A1),MONTH(A1),DAY(A1)+1)the formula to add a week is :

=DATE(YEAR(A1),MONTH(A1)+1,DAY(A1)+7)the formula to add a month is:

=DATE(YEAR(A1),MONTH(A1)+1,DAY(A1))the formula to add a year is:

=DATE(YEAR(A1)+1,MONTH(A1),DAY(A1))

the last day of the month preceding the date in A1 is:

=DATE(YEAR(A1),MONTH(A1),DAY(A1)-DAY(A1))the first day of the month following the date in A1 is:

=DATE(YEAR(A1),MONTH(A1)+1,DAY(A1)-DAY(A1)+1)

MONTH, DAY, NOW, AND and IF (Anniversary Alerts)

My client wanted a spreadsheet that would tell her when it is the birthday of an employee. We created aspreadsheet with the names in column A and the dates of birth in column B. In column D was this formula=NOW()that changes date each day. In column C we put this formula:

=IF(AND(MONTH(B1)-MONTH(D1)=0,DAY(B1)-DAY(D1)=0),"Anniversary","")

We fine tuned:=IF(AND(MONTH(B1)-MONTH(D1)=0,DAY(B1)-DAY(D1)=0),"Happy Anniversary"

,IF(AND(MONTH(B1)-MONTH(D1)=0,DAY(B1)-DAY(D1)>0,DAY(B1)-DAY(D1)


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F inancial functions

Function Description

ACCRINT Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity

AMORDEGRC Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a

depreciation coefficientAMORLINC Returns the depreciation for each accounting period

COUPDAYBS Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period tothe settlement date

COUPDAYS Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains thesettlement date

COUPDAYSNC Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupondate

COUPNCD Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date

COUPNUM Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date andmaturity date

COUPPCD Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date

CUMIPMT Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods

CUMPRINC Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods

DB Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using thefixed-declining balance method

DDB Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using thedouble-declining balance method or some other method that you specify

DISC Returns the discount rate for a security

DOLLARDE Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price,expressed as a decimal number

DOLLARFR Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollarprice, expressed as a fraction

DURATION Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments

EFFECT Returns the effective annual interest rate

FV Returns the future value of an investment

FVSCHEDULE Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series ofcompound interest rates

INTRATE Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security

IPMT Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period

IRR Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

ISPMT Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investmentMDURATION Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed

par value of $100

MIRR Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flowsare financed at different rates

NOMINAL Returns the annual nominal interest rate

NPER Returns the number of periods for an investment

NPV Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series ofperiodic cash flows and a discount rate

ODDFPRICE Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
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ODDFYIELD Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

ODDLYIELD Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period

PMT Returns the periodic payment for an annuity

PPMT Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period

PRICE Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodicinterest

PRICEDISC Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security

PRICEMAT

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest atmaturity

PV Returns the present value of an investment

RATE Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity

RECEIVED Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security

SLN Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SYD Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specifiedperiod

TBILLEQ Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill

TBILLPRICE Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill

TBILLYIELD

Returns the yield for a Treasury billVDB Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by

using a declining balance method

XIRR Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is notnecessarily periodic

XNPV Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is notnecessarily periodic

YIELD Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, aTreasury bill

YIELDMAT Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
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excel notes 2

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