Excretion: The process by which the wastes of

cellular metabolism are removed from an organism.

Metabolic reactions: 1. Respiration

2. Deamination (break down of proteins)

3. Hydrolysis (digestion)

4. Other Metabolic activities ( inorganic salts)

Metabolic reactions produceMetabolic Reaction Excretory waste

Produced

Aerobic (cellular) Aerobic (cellular) RespirationRespiration

alsoalso(Dehydration synthesis)(Dehydration synthesis)

Carbon Dioxide

Water

DeaminationDeamination Nitrogenous waste

Other Metabolic Other Metabolic activitiesactivities

Inorganic mineral salts (sodium chloride, potassium sulfate

Nitrogenous waste:

Or nitrogen containing wastes Or nitrogen containing wastes accumulate from the break accumulate from the break

down of amino acids (proteins)down of amino acids (proteins)Ammonia, (NH3) most toxic Ammonia, (NH3) most toxic Urea, Urea, Uric Acid, least toxicUric Acid, least toxic

Urinary system:A group of organs whose sole function is to

perform EXCRETION.

All of these organs play a major role in maintaining the body’s HOMEOSTASIS.

Homeostasis: the maintaining of a stable internal environment

The Urinary system:

Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary Bladder

Urethra

The Kidneys:Roughly 10cm longLocated against back musclesTwo functions:

Remove cellular metabolic wastes from blood, producing urine.

Control varying concentrations within the blood (H20, salt, glucose)

URINE:

Liquid produced by the kidneys

composed of:WaterUrea, Salts

NORMAL URINE:

Normal Urine

Color

Clarity

Ph range

Inorganics

Protein

Glucose

RBC

WBC

Normal Urine

Color Pale yellow ----amber

Clarity Clear

Specific Gravity 1.016

Ph range 4.5---8

Inorganics Sulfates, ammonia, salts, phosphates, potassium

Protein NONE

Glucose None

RBC NONE

WBC None

Oops, wrong one

The Arethra:

The UrethraTube that carries urine out of the body

Boys and Girls both have a urethra!!!!

Lets look inside the Kidney!!A longitudinal section reveals three

major areas. Cortex:

outer most region Filters the blood

Medulla: Middle region Collects urine and passes it into the

Pelvis Inner most region Drains urine into the ureters

Lets look inside the Kidney!!

disordersGoutKidney StonesRenal Failure (nephritis)

Dialysis: When a set of kidneys don't do their job, their owner has what

is called a chronic kidney condition. Eventually, those kidneys may be considered failing. But instead of a bad grade, they can get help from something called dialysis (say: die-al-ih-sis). Much like a filter system hooked up to a pool, dialysis gives the kidneys a break by skimming waste for them.

How does it work? There are two types. The first kind of dialysis, called hemodialysis (say: hee-moh-die-al-ih-sis), uses a filtering machine to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood. In the second type, called peritoneal dialysis (say: peh-rih-tuh-nee-ul), the actual filtering is done by the lining of your very own belly!

The LiverThe LiverDetoxification: Removal of harmful or toxic

substances from the blood

Converts substance into a less toxic forms and released back into the blood stream

Excretion of bile: used for emulsification of fats. Excess passed out in the feces (bile salts, cholesterol, recycled hemoglobin)

Urea formation: ammonia from protein breakdown is converted into a LESS toxic urea

Dr Linus Pauling, often referred to as the "Father of Vitamin C" and twice awarded the Nobel Prize, declared that large intakes of up to 10 grams of vitamin C each day aids anti-cancer activity within the body.

The FDA recommends that we get 60 mgs of vitamin C per day.

The LungsGet the body rid of carbon dioxide and

water (in the form of water vapor)End products of cellular respiration

AND ALCOHOL particles

The SkinProtection ExcretionNerve endingsRegulates body temperature

The Skin

Finis’