Exercise 263 — Practice with Relative Pronouns Nómen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

1. Caesar, who was a great general, conquered the Gauls.

Caesar, ____________ imperator magnus fuit, Gallos vicit.

2. The Gauls, whose leaders Caesar killed, were not friends of the Romans.

Galli, _______________ duces Caesar occidit, amici Romanorum non fuerunt.

3. Caesar, whose victories we all praise, was a great general.

Caesar, _____________ victorias omnes laudamus, imperator magnus fuit.

4. God, to whom we give thanks, is our Father.

Deus, ______________ gratias agimus, Pater noster est.

5. The soldiers to whom Caesar gave rewards were brave.

Milites, _____________ Caesar praemia dedit fortes erant.

6. Caesar, whom the Romans praised, was a great general.

Caesar, ___________ Romani laudaverunt, imperator magnus fuit.

7. The Gauls, whom Caesar conquered, fought bravely.

Galli, _____________ Caesar vicit, fortiter pugnaverunt.

8. The Gauls with whom Caesar fought were brave.

Galli _____________ -cum Caesar pugnavit, fortes erant.

9. The war, about which the Senate sent letters into Gaul, was long and difficult.

Bellum de ____________ senatus litteras in Galliam misit longum et difficili fuit.

10. The town that Caesar stormed was large.

Oppidum _____________ Caesar oppugnavit magnum fuit.

11. The army with which Caesar came into Gaul was large.

Exercitus _____________-cum Caesar in Galliam venit magnus erat.

12. The victory for which Caesar was eager was not easy.

Victoria ____________ Caesar cupidus erat facilis non erat.

13. The Gauls burned the baggage that was in the camp.

Galli impedimenta _____________ in castris erant incenderunt.

Exercise 264 Nómen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

1. Romani Christum, quo erat Filius Dei, occiderunt. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Maria, quam laudamus, Mater Dei est. ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Gentes quae provinciae finitimae erant legatos miserunt ut auxilium peterent. _______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Legio quae trans flumen fuerat in silvas statim missa est ut hostes pelleret.__________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Bella quae patres nostri gesserunt memoria semper tenebimus. ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Oppidum in quó frúmentum erat a Rómánís oppugnabatur. ______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Imperátórés quórum memoriam laudámus fortés erant. _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Légátus obsidés quós in castrís tenebat occídit ut Gallós terreret. _________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Ego, quí Rómánus sum, tibi nón cedam. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Caesar auxilia in silvás statim misit né hostés nostrós vincerent. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Légátus servum cui hostés gladium dederant occídit. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. Híberna in quibus Rómání sunt angusta sunt. (no this isn’t a typo!) __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Dabisne nóbís, quí Gallí sumus, frúmentum? _________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Régem pró quó pugnavi omnés hominés memoria tenebunt. _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. Rómání eós quibuscum pugnaverant saepe occidébant. _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16. Caesar, quocum eram, mihi praemia dedit. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17. Quí légem Chrístí servant, sánctí sunt. ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

18. Gentés in quarum fínés Caesar vénit fortiter cum eó pugnaverunt. _________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

19. Legiónés quás tráns flúmen latum prímá lúce videram á Caesare in castra ductae sunt. ________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

20. Caesar imperium cújus cupidus erat obtinuit. _________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 265 – Practice with Relative Clauses. Nómen: _____________________________

Divide up this work over several days.

Hodie est: ___________________________

1. The Romans always killed slaves who had helped the enemy. ____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The mountains of Gaul, across which Caesar often led the Roman forces, were high. __________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar often killed the leaders of the tribes with which he fought. _________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar led the troops across many rivers, which were long and deep. ______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Christ, who ís the Son of God, was killed by the Romans. _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The legion, which was in the forest, was fighting bravely. _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. The legion, to which the Gauls gave grain, was led into winter quarters. ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. The legion, the centurions of which were brave, conquered the enemy. _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. The legions, which Caesar led into the province, were brave. ____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. The legion, with which the Gauls fought, was brave. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. The soldiers, whose courage Caesar praised, are in winter quarters. _______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. The soldiers, to whom the general gave thanks, had withstood many attack of the enemy. ______________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. The Gauls often bravely defended the towns which the Romans stormed. ___________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. The territory of the enemy, into which Caesar led all the Roman forces, was full of dangers. ____________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. The affair, concerning which Caesar was treating with the Gauls, was serious. _______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16. The forest, through which Caesar often led the Roman legions, was full of dangers. __________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17. The Roman people, on whose behalf Caesar fought, was great and renowned. _______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

18. Caesar seized many cities, from which Rome was far distant. ____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

19. The roads, which were constructed by the Romans, were long and safe. ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

20. The things, on account of which peoples and tribes wage war, are serious. __________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

21. Caesar immediately gave the soldiers the grain, which the slaves had carried into the camp. ____________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

22. Caesar conquered the soldiers, with whom the enemy had filled the bridge. _________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

23. I, who am a Christian, will always praise Christ. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

24. We all praise Caesar, whose victories were many and great. _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

25. The Gauls were storming the camp, which had been pitched in their territory. _______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

26. Caesar held (obtineo) the power, for which he had been eager. ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

27. To you, who are enemies of the Roman name, I shall give neither grain nor arms. ____________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

28. We soldiers, who fight for Rome, are eager for victory and fame. _________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

29. The hill, on which the Romans pitched the camp, ís high. _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 266 Nómen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Translate.

1. “Bis1 vincit qui se vincit in victoria.” —Publilius Syrus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

a. What is the antecedent of qui? __________________________________________________________

b. Why is se used instead of eum? _________________________________________________________

2. “Omnes enim filii Dei estis per fidem quae est in Christo Jesu.” —St. Paul.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

a. Explain the case of filii. ________________________________________________________________

b. With what does omnes agree? ___________________________________________________________

3. Jesus Christus, qui pro nobis mortem semel2 vicit, semper mortem in nobis vincit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

a. Give the rule for the case of mortem. _____________________________________________________

4. Templum3 Dei sanctum est, quod estis vos. —Adapted from St. Paul.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

1 bis, adv.: twice. 2 semel, adv.: once. 3 templum, i: temple.

Exercise 267 Practice with ad vs in AND new Idioms

1. In fines hostium pervenerunt. _____________________________________________________________

2. Ad flumen pervenerunt. __________________________________________________________________

3. Ad flumen pugnaverunt. _________________________________________________________________

4. Usque ad noctem pugnaverunt. ____________________________________________________________

5. Arma ad bellum utilia sunt. _______________________________________________________________

6. Prima luce ad castra perventum est. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Prima luce in castra pervenit. ______________________________________________________________

8. Erat inopia omnium rerum in hibernis nostris. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Ad impedimenta acriter pugnatum est. ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Milites ad omnia parati erant. _____________________________________________________________

11. In locum tutum castra movit. ______________________________________________________________

12. Frumentum in castra portabatur. ___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Duxitne milites in urbem? ________________________________________________________________

14. Duxitne milites usque ad urbem? ___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. Milites Romani, ad mortem parati, pro portis instructi sunt. ______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16. In silvas contendebat. ____________________________________________________________________

17. Ad silvas contendebat. ___________________________________________________________________

18. Eos in provinciam misit. _________________________________________________________________

19. Eos ad provinciam misit. _________________________________________________________________

20. In loca aliena milites duxit. _______________________________________________________________

21. In hiberna legatum misit. _________________________________________________________________

22. Ad Caesarem legatos miserunt. ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

23. Miles in pontem missus est. _______________________________________________________________

24. Miles ad pontem missus est. ______________________________________________________________

25. Caesar undique principes ad se vocavit. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

26. Ad flumen perventum est. _______________

Exercise 268 Nómen: _____________________________________

Practice with ad Hodie est: ___________________________________

1. Ad impedimenta acriter usque ad noctem pugnatum est. __________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Legati in castra celeriter pervenerunt ut auxilium peterent. _______________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Mittesne litteras et legatos ad me? _____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Christiani propter Christum ad laborem et mortem parati sunt. _________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Omnia quae ad bellum pertinent ab hostibus nostris comparantur; itaque nos etiam ea quae

ad bellum utilia sunt comparabimus. ___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Hostes, gloriae cupidi, usque ad castra nostra venerunt. ____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Duces de omnibus rebus quae ad militum salutem pertinent in consilio inter se agunt. _______

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Milites ad laborem praemiis facile incitantur. _________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Prima luce ad fines hostium perventum est. __________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Ibi flumen latum erat, sed pons pertinuit ad urbem quam legatus tenebat. _____________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Imperator omnes legatos et milites ad se statim vocavit. ___________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Tribunos militum ad omnes civitates finitimas dimisit ut praemiis et orationibus amicitiam

cum eis confirmarent. _____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 269 Nómen: _____________________________

Practice with ad Hodie est: ___________________________

1. They arrived at a river which was wide and deep. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. There was bitter fighting at the river. (use the Latin idiomatic expression) _______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. They hastened to Caesar to help him. _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Did the Romans fight until night? __________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Are the soldiers prepared for battle? ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Swords and arms are useful for war. ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. They prepared everything which pertained to the journey. _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. They stationed soldiers on the bridge which stretched to Rome. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. They hastened to the river to defend the bridge. _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. The fresh legions were sent against the Gauls by the lieutenant. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. They hastened to the hill and fortified it with a rampart and a ditch lest the enemy seize it. _____________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 270 – Practice distinguishing I.O.’s and the use of ad. Nómen: _____________________________

Warning: Don’t confuse ad with the dative case used for Indirect Objects. There are some of both in this

exercise.

1. They handed over the arms to the Romans. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. They hastened to the Romans. _____________________________________________________________

3. They gave hostages to the Romans. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. They carried grain to the army. ____________________________________________________________

5. He called the lieutenants to him. ___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. He sent envoys to all the neighboring tribes. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 271 - Review Nómen: _____________________________________

1. Give the rule for the Ablative of Accompaniment. ___________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Give the rule for the Ablative of Agency. ______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Name the Secondary Tenses of the indicative. ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Explain the use of sancti in this sentence: (Part of Speech, what it agrees with, gender, number, case,

placement)

Omnes sancti Deum laudant.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 272 Nómen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Translate into English.

1. Hostés servum in castra Caesaris mísérunt quí consilia éjus cognosceret. ___________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Dux mílités ad omnia paratos in aciem deduxit quí hostium cópiás sustinerent. ______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Nuntium ad té mittam quí dé injuriis tecum agat. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Dux mílités ad collem statim misit quí eum valló fossáque munirent. ______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Misitne réx ad Caesarem nuntium quí auxilium peteret? ________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Equités ad flúmen misit quí loci naturam cognoscerent. _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Propter injurias legatum misit quí obsidés occideret. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 273 Nómen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Use a relative clause of purpose whenever possible.

1. They immediately sent envoys into the camp of Caesar to seek peace. _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. A messenger was sent to Caesar to beg help. _________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. In front of the gate he stationed soldiers who were prepared for everything. _________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Soldiers were stationed on the bridge. _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. The chief came to seek grain. _____________________________________________________________

6. He fortified the camp with a rampart lest the enemy storm it. ____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. He sent a lieutenant into Italy to lead away the new legions into Gaul. _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 274 — Review

1. What ís the rule for Ablative of Agency? ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. What ís the rule for the Ablative of Means? __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Name the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative: ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. How are verbs used impersonally in Latin? Give an example.

Translate on this paper. Underline the Subject Noun of each sentence. If the SN is in the verb, double

underline the verb. Do not begin a sentence with the Direct Object.

Reading #16

How a Hostile King Honored the Heroic Patriotism of Mucius Scaevola

Porsenna1 regnum Etruscorum2 obtinebat. Is erat vir fortis et imperii atque gloriae cupidus.

Itaque cum Romanis de imperio Italiae contendit et Romam magnis copiis oppugnabat. Romani

autem copiam frumenti non habebant et vehementer terrebantur. Erat autem in numero

Romanorum vir fortis, Mucius Scaevola.3 Ab eo virtus Romanorum confirmabatur. Eis enim, “In

castra Etruscorum,”2 inquit,4 “contendam et Porsennam1 regem occidam. Ita Romam servabo.”

Itaque in eorum castra tutus pervenit. (However, he had never seen the King, and so by

mistake he killed one of the court officials instead of Porsenna.) Itaque Etrusci eum ad regem

duxerunt. Porsenna1 autem periculo vehementer motus est. Itaque Mucio,3 “Ad me venisti,”

inquit,4 “ut me occideres. Vitam meam petivisti. Id non sine auxilio neque sine consilio egisti.

Si5 de consiliis vestris me monueris, vitam tuam servabo et te dimittam.”

Mucius autem regi, “Omnes Romani,” inquit,4 “ad mortem parati sunt. Periculo mortis non

movebuntur. Multi mittentur in castra ad te qui te occidant. Non vitam sed civitatem nostram

servabimus. Ego enim neque a te terreor neque metu mortis terrebor.”

Erat autem ibi ante6 regem ignis.7 Tum Mucius, ut rex virtutem Romanam cognosceret,

manum dexteram8 in igne7 statim posuit neque dolore9 superatus est. Porsenna autem virtute

Mucii vehementer motus est. Itaque ejus et vitam conservavit et virtutem laudavit. Eum etiam

in castra Romanorum dimisit. Post id rex legatos ad imperatorem Romanum misit qui pacem

peterent. Ita civitas Romana virtute Mucii servata est.

1 Porsenna, ae: Porsenna (a proper name) 2 Etrusci, Etruscorum: the Etruscans (a people who dwelt north of Rome) 3 Mucius, (i) Scaevola (ae): Mucius Scaevola 4 inquit: he said. Inquit, as here, is always put after the first words of a direct quotation. 5 si: if 6 ante, prep. w/acc.: before 7 ignis, is, m.: fire 8 manum dexteram: right hand 9 dolor, doloris: pain

Translate on this paper. Underline the Subject Noun of each sentence. If the SN is in the verb, double

underline the verb. Do not begin a sentence with the Direct Object.

Reading #16

How a Hostile King Honored the Heroic Patriotism of Mucius Scaevola

Porsenna1 regnum Etruscorum2 obtinebat. Is erat vir fortis et imperii atque gloriae SN DO of pl. active verb SN (he) LV SN Adj. obj. of cupidus obj. of cupidus

cupidus. Itaque (cum Romanis) (de imperio Italiae) contendit et Romam magnis copiis adj. Conj. prep. object prep. object of active verb SC dir. object adj. ABL. MEANS

oppugnabat. Romani autem copiam frumenti non habebant et vehementer terrebantur. translate perfect tense SN conj. dir. obj. of translate perfect adv. passive verb

Erat autem (in numero Romanorum) vir fortis, Mucius Scaevola.3 (Ab eo) virtus Romanorum There was conj. (among) prep. phrase SN Adj. Appositive ABL AGENT SN of PL

confirmabatur. Eis enim, “In castra Etruscorum,”2 inquit,4 “contendam et Porsennam1 passive verb Ind. Obj. Conj. he said future 1st person Dir. Object

regem occidam. Ita Romam servabo.” appositive future 1st pers. Thus, D.O. Future 1st person Itaque in eorum castra tutus pervenit. (However, he had never seen the King, and so Conj. prep. “their” obj. prep. adj. active verb

by mistake he killed one of the court officials instead of Porsenna.) Itaque Etrusci eum ad Conj. S.N. D.O. prep

regem duxerunt. Porsenna1 autem periculo vehementer motus est. Itaque Mucio,3 “Ad Obj. prep. active SN conjunction ABL MEANS adverb passive verb Conjunction SN prep

me venisti,” inquit,4 “ut me occideres. Vitam meam petivisti. Id non sine auxilio neque O.P. Perfect 2nd Per. S. he said to DO subj. verb Dir. Object adj. perf. 2nd P. S. D.O. (this) adv. prep. o.p. nor

sine consilio egisti. Si5 de consiliis vestris me monueris, vitam tuam servabo et te prep. obj. prep. You did If prep. o.p. adj. d.o. translate future d.o. adj. I will save d.o.

dimittam.” future 1st p. singular

Mucius autem regi, “Omnes Romani,” inquit,4 “ad mortem parati sunt. Periculo S.N. conj. “to” Adj. S.N. he said for o.p. adj. L.V. ABL MEANS

mortis non movebuntur. Multi mittentur in castra ad te qui te occidant. Non vitam sed “of” adv. 3rd p. Pl. future passive Adj.&S.N. future passive obj. prep. to o.p. to d.o. kill d.o. conj.

civitatem nostram servabimus. Ego enim neque a te terreor neque metu mortis dir. object adj. Use this verb twice; once for each d.o. Conj. neither by you passive 1P nor ABL MEANS (fear of death)

terrebor.” Passive future

Erat autem ibi ante6 regem ignis.7 Tum Mucius, ut rex virtutem Romanam Being Verb conj. adv. prep. o.p. S.N. Then, S.N. in order that SN D.O. Adj.

cognosceret, manum dexteram8 in igne7 statim posuit neque dolore9 superatus est. might learn d.o. right prep phrase adverb perfect 3P and … not ABL MEANS passive 3P sing.

Porsenna autem virtute Mucii vehementer motus est. Itaque ejus et vitam conservavit et Subj. Noun conj. ABL MEANS “of” adverb passive Conj. his d.o. perf. 3P sing.

virtutem laudavit. Eum etiam in castra Romanorum dimisit. Post id rex legatos ad dir. obj. perf. 3P S. D.O. also/even “of” perf. 3P s. Prep. this SN D.O. to

imperatorem Romanum misit qui pacem peterent. Ita civitas Romana virtute Mucii D. O. Adj. Perf. 3P S. to d.o. seek Thus S.N. Adj. ABL. MEANS of

servata est. passive 3P s.

1 Porsenna, ae: Porsenna (a proper name) 2 Etrusci, Etruscorum: the Etruscans (a people who dwelt north of Rome) 3 Mucius, (i) Scaevola (ae): Mucius Scaevola 4 inquit: he said. Inquit, as here, is always put after the first words of a direct quotation. 5 si: if 6 ante, prep. w/acc.: before 7 ignis, is, m.: fire 8 manum dexteram: right hand 9 dolor, doloris: pain

Exercise 275 Nómen: _____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Relative purpose clauses containing comparatives.

1. Légátus custódés ad flúmen statim collocávit quó facilius pontem defenderent. ______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Ducés Rómání agrós Gallórum vastabant né diutius bellum gererent. ______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar centuriónés et tribúnós mílitum saepe appellabat quó diutius pugnarent. ______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Imperátor auxilium in prímam aciem misit quó diutius et facilius mílités hostés pellerent. ______________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Equités ad murum appropinquaverunt; mílités autem portae appropinquaverunt. _____________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 276 Nómen: _____________________________

Relative purpose clauses containing comparatives. Hodie est: ___________________________

1. They killed the guards that they might more easily approach the camp. _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. They killed the hostages that the enemy might not fight longer.. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. They drove the enemy into the town that they might more easily lay waste the fields. _________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. The lieutenant gave rewards to the soldiers that they might fight longer. ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. They stationed guards on the bridge to defend it more easily. (express “it”) _________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. They fortified the winter quarters with a rampart and a ditch that they might repulse the enemy more easily.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 277 ~ Review

1. Parse the italicized words: Reges saepe sunt gloriae cupidi.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Give the rule for the Ablative of Means. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Reading No.17 Report From the Front

The radio has brought the great events of the world into our own parlors. Ringside and

battlefront broadcasts keep us up with the news as it happens. Let us imagine that we are

ancient Romans, seated in our home at Rome and listening to a broadcast direct from a winter

quarters of Caesar’s army in Gaul.

“Your announcer is Quintus Titurius Mucius, with the Second Legion in their Belgian winter

quarters. Your friends here have been enjoying a very quiet winter. The Belgians (clamores subito1 per

radiophoniam2 a nobis audiuntur) . . . (Excitedly) Friends, this is it . . . Hostes appropinquant. Hibernis

nostris appropinquiant! . . . Usque ad portas celeriter appropinquant! Auditis clamorem et

hostium et nostrorum. Principes et duces, viri fortes, etiam cum eis appropinquant. Etiam

Regem eorum video! Custodes nostros statim gladiis occidunt et eos qui in muro sunt telis

occidunt quo facilius hiberna oppugnent. Nostri omnes statim ad arma vocantur. (Voces

centurionum per radiophoniam2 audiuntur.) Tribuni militum muros hominibus complent!

Equites per portas celeriter mittuntur. Acriter cum Gallis pugnant! . . . (Magnus clamor subito1

auditur.) Rex . . . Rex hostium telis occisus est! Nunc hostes pelluntur! Cedunt! Silvas petunt!

Sed legatus noster, vir bonus et fortis, equites nunc mittit qui eos omnes occidant. Friends, it’s all

over and may that be a lesson to them. Fortuna legiones Romanas semper adjuvat.”

1 subito, adv.: suddenly

2 radiophonia, ae: radio