external bleeding

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External BleedingExternal Bleeding


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BleedingBleeding

technicallytechnicallyknown asknown as hemorrhaginghemorrhaging Is the loss of blood or blood escape fromIs the loss of blood or blood escape from

the circulatory system.the circulatory system.

Can occur internally, where blood leaksCan occur internally, where blood leaksfrom blood vessels inside the body orfrom blood vessels inside the body orexternally, either through a naturalexternally, either through a naturalopening such as the vagina, mouth, nose,opening such as the vagina, mouth, nose,ear or anus, or through a break in the skin.ear or anus, or through a break in the skin.

The complete loss of blood is referred toThe complete loss of blood is referred toasasexsanguination, and desanguination is aexsanguination, and desanguination is amassive blood loss..massive blood loss..


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Types of woundsTypes of wounds

brasion! is a woundis a woundwhere the skin layerswhere the skin layershave been scrapedhave been scrapedo" from a fall on ao" from a fall on a

rough surface, piecesrough surface, piecesof shells, claws ofof shells, claws ofanimals, machineryanimals, machineryetc. These woundsetc. These wounds

have torn or irregularhave torn or irregularedges and they tendedges and they tendto bleed less.to bleed less.


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mputation!

is theis thesevering orsevering or

partialpartial

severing ofsevering ofpart of thepart of the

body, suchbody, suchas a limb oras a limb or

part of apart of a


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Incision!is a woundis a woundcharacterised bycharacterised by#slicing$ as with a#slicing$ as with asharp knife or sharpsharp knife or sharp

piece of metal. It ispiece of metal. It isoften characterisedoften characterisedby a narrow woundby a narrow woundwhich has cutwhich has cut

cleanly and bleedscleanly and bleedsextensively.extensively.


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%aceration!is ais a

&agged'edge wound&agged'edge woundwith associatedwith associatedtissue loss, such astissue loss, such asfrom a barbed wirefrom a barbed wirefence in&ury, orfence in&ury, orwhere a rider$swhere a rider$sankles, knees,ankles, knees,elbows or wristselbows or wristshave abraded athave abraded at

speed, colliding withspeed, colliding witha road surfacea road surface..


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(uncturewoundswounds

are perforations,are perforations,from anythingfrom anything

from a corkscrewfrom a corkscrew

to a bullet, andto a bullet, andgenerally with agenerally with a

limited externallimited external

area butarea but

potentially )uitepotentially )uitedeep, a"ectingdeep, a"ecting

internal organsinternal organs


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* Types +f External* Types +f External

BleedingBleeding


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CapillaryCapillary

The most common type of externalThe most common type of external

bleeding.bleeding.

This type of bleeding occurs whenThis type of bleeding occurs when

blood ooes from capillaries. It isblood ooes from capillaries. It is

usually not serious and the easiestusually not serious and the easiest

form of external bleeding to control.form of external bleeding to control.


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-enous Bleeding-enous Bleeding

This is when a vein has been severedThis is when a vein has been severed

and blood ows or gushes steadily.and blood ows or gushes steadily.

/ost veins collapse when cut, which/ost veins collapse when cut, which

aids in controlling this type ofaids in controlling this type of

external bleeding until medicalexternal bleeding until medical

attention can be received.attention can be received.


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rterial Bleedingrterial Bleeding

This type of in&ury can lead to a largeThis type of in&ury can lead to a large

amount of blood loss, as the bloodamount of blood loss, as the blood

ows at a faster rate is less likely toows at a faster rate is less likely to

clot..clot..


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Symptoms0Blood coming from an open wound0Bruising01hock, which may cause any of thefollowing symptoms!

0Confusion or decreasing alertness

0Clammy skin02iiness or light'headedness after anin&ury0%ow blood pressure

0(aleness 3pallor405apid pulse, increased heart rate01hortness of breath06eakness


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7irst id7irst id


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Calm and reassure the person. The sight ofCalm and reassure the person. The sight ofblood can be very frightening.blood can be very frightening.

If the wound is super8cial, wash it with soap andIf the wound is super8cial, wash it with soap and

warm water and pat dry. 1uper8cial wounds orwarm water and pat dry. 1uper8cial wounds orscrapes are in&uries that a"ect the top layers ofscrapes are in&uries that a"ect the top layers ofskin and bleeding from such wounds is oftenskin and bleeding from such wounds is oftendescribed as 9ooing,9 because it is slow.described as 9ooing,9 because it is slow.

%ay the person down. This reduces the chances%ay the person down. This reduces the chances

of fainting by increasing blood ow to the brain.of fainting by increasing blood ow to the brain.6hen possible, raise up the part of the body6hen possible, raise up the part of the bodythat is bleeding.that is bleeding.

5emove any obvious loose debris or dirt from a5emove any obvious loose debris or dirt from a

wound. If an ob&ect such as a knife, stick, orwound. If an ob&ect such as a knife, stick, orarrow becomes stuck in the body, 2+ :+Tarrow becomes stuck in the body, 2+ :+Tremove it. 2oing so may cause more damageremove it. 2oing so may cause more damageand may increase bleeding. (lace pads andand may increase bleeding. (lace pads andbandages around the ob&ect and tape the ob&ectbandages around the ob&ect and tape the ob&ect

in place.in place.


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(ut pressure directly on an outer wound with(ut pressure directly on an outer wound witha sterile bandage, clean cloth, or even aa sterile bandage, clean cloth, or even a

piece of clothing. If nothing else is available,piece of clothing. If nothing else is available,use your hand. 2irect pressure is best foruse your hand. 2irect pressure is best foroutside bleeding, except for an eye in&ury.outside bleeding, except for an eye in&ury.

/aintain pressure until the bleeding stops./aintain pressure until the bleeding stops.6hen it has stopped, tightly wrap the wound6hen it has stopped, tightly wrap the wound

dressing with adhesive tape or a piece ofdressing with adhesive tape or a piece ofclean clothing. (lace a cold pack over theclean clothing. (lace a cold pack over thedressing. 2o not peek to see if the bleedingdressing. 2o not peek to see if the bleedinghas stopped.has stopped.

If bleeding continues and seeps through theIf bleeding continues and seeps through thematerial being held on the wound, do notmaterial being held on the wound, do notremove it. 1imply place another cloth overremove it. 1imply place another cloth overthe 8rst one. Be sure to seek medicalthe 8rst one. Be sure to seek medicalattention.attention.


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If the bleeding is severe, getIf the bleeding is severe, get

medical help and take steps tomedical help and take steps to

prevent shock. ;eep the in&uredprevent shock. ;eep the in&uredbody part completely still. %ay thebody part completely still. %ay the

person at, raise the feet about owever, 2+ :+T

move the person if there has been amove the person if there has been a

head, neck, back, or leg in&ury, ashead, neck, back, or leg in&ury, as

doing so may make the in&urydoing so may make the in&uryworse. ?et medical help as soon asworse. ?et medical help as soon as

possible.possible.


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DO NOTDO NOT


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2+ :+T apply a tourni)uet to control2+ :+T apply a tourni)uet to control

bleeding, except as a last resort.bleeding, except as a last resort.

2oing so may cause more harm than2oing so may cause more harm thangood. tourni)uet should be usedgood. tourni)uet should be used

only in a life'threatening situationonly in a life'threatening situation

and should be applied by anand should be applied by anexperienced personexperienced person


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If continuous pressure hasn@t stopped theIf continuous pressure hasn@t stopped thebleeding and bleeding is extremely severe,bleeding and bleeding is extremely severe,

a tourni)uet may be used until medicala tourni)uet may be used until medicalhelp arrives or bleeding is controllable.help arrives or bleeding is controllable.A It should be applied to the limb between theIt should be applied to the limb between the

bleeding site and the heart and tightened sobleeding site and the heart and tightened so

bleeding can be controlled by applying directbleeding can be controlled by applying directpressure over the wound.pressure over the wound.

A To make a tourni)uet, use bandages = to To make a tourni)uet, use bandages = to inches wide and wrap them around the limbinches wide and wrap them around the limbseveral times. Tie a half or s)uare knot, leavingseveral times. Tie a half or s)uare knot, leavingloose ends long enough to tie another knot. loose ends long enough to tie another knot. stick or a sti" rod should be placed betweenstick or a sti" rod should be placed betweenthe two knots. Twist the stick until the bandagethe two knots. Twist the stick until the bandageis tight enough to stop the bleeding and thenis tight enough to stop the bleeding and thensecure itsecure it


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'Check the tourni)uet every


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2+ :+T peek at a wound to see if the2+ :+T peek at a wound to see if the

bleeding is stopping. The less a woundbleeding is stopping. The less a wound

is disturbed, the more likely it is thatis disturbed, the more likely it is thatyou@ll be able to control the bleedingyou@ll be able to control the bleeding

2+ :+T probe a wound or pull out any2+ :+T probe a wound or pull out any

embedded ob&ect from a wound. Thisembedded ob&ect from a wound. Thiswill usually cause more bleeding andwill usually cause more bleeding and

harmharm

2+ :+T remove a dressing if it2+ :+T remove a dressing if itbecomes soaked with blood. Instead,becomes soaked with blood. Instead,

add a new one on topadd a new one on top


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2+ :+T try to clean a large wound.2+ :+T try to clean a large wound.

This can cause heavier bleedingThis can cause heavier bleeding

2+ :+T try to clean a wound after2+ :+T try to clean a wound after

you get the bleeding under control.you get the bleeding under control.

?et medical help?et medical help

external bleeding

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