f4 biology chapter1

8/6/2019 f4 Biology Chapter1

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Agriculturalist A specialist in all areas of cultivation and raising

livestock. He advises farmers on soil management,

breeding, animal’s living conditions, crop protection,environmental sustainability, disease and harvesting.

Aquaculturalist A scientist who involves in aquaculture, the cultivation of

aquatic organisms such as fish, shell fish and algae.

Biochemist A scientist who studies the chemistry of cellular processes

such as metabolism, growth and aging. He may isolate,identify and synthesis vitamins, DNA, hormones, enzymes

and other proteins.

Biotechnologist A scientist who modifies the genes of living things to

create or improve products from raw materials such as

food or pharmaceuticals. He also develops factory

processes to reduce pollution or treat waste product.

Botanist A biologist who studies the biology of all types of plants

to increase scientific knowledge and apply this knowledge

in areas such as conservation and management of natural

resources, agriculture, forestry, horticulture, medicine and

biotechnology.

Dietitian He plans food and nutrition program and supervises the preparation and serving of meals. He helps prevent illness

by promoting healthy eating habits, scientifically

evaluating client’s diet and suggesting diet modifications

such as less salt for those with high blood pressure or

reduces fat and sugar intake for those who are overweight.

Ecologist A biologist who studies the relation between organisms

and their environment. He may study oceans, forests,

cities, grasslands, deserts, rivers and every other corner of

the world.Ethologist A scientist who studies the behavior of animals in their

natural habitats.

Forester A person who has been professionally educated in forestryand forest management.

Geneticist A scientist who studies genes, the basic units of heredity,

and their variations. A clinical geneticist evaluates

diagnoses and treats genetic diseases.

Horticulturist A scientist dedicated to finding better ways to grow

harvest, store, process and ship fruits, vegetables and

ornament plants.

Microbiologist A scientist trained to analyses the biology of bacteria,

viruses, algae, protozoa and fungi. Some microbiologist

are engaged in basic research utilizing these relatively

simple organisms to probe problems and questions of

genetics, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology

common to all forms of life.Mycologists A biologist who specializes in the study of fungi, their

genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and

their use to humans as a source for medicines and food as

well as their dangers such as poisoning or infection.

Neurobiologist A specialist in the field of study which deals with the

structure, functions, developments, genetics, biochemistry,

physiology, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous

system.

Optometrist Optometrist examines people’s eyes to diagnose vision

problems. He tests patient’s visual acuity, depth and

colour perception, and ability to focus and coordinate the

eyes. Optometrist prescribes eye glasses and contact lens.

Pediatrician A specialist who is concerned with the health of infants,

children and teenagers. He specializes in the diagnosis and

treatment of a variety of ailments specific to young people

and tracks the patients’ growth to adulthood.

Physiotherapist A health care professional who deals with exercise,

activity and physical function. Specific exercises may be

provided to assist breathing with chest problems,

mobilizing joints and strengthen muscle groups.

Surgeon A doctor who specializes in the treatment of injury,disease and deformity through operations.

Toxicologist A scientist trained to examine the nature of the adverse

effects of chemical agents for example drugs and pesticides on living organisms and their treatment.

Veterinarian A doctor who provides medical services for animals.

Some veterinarians treat sick pets and provide routine

check-ups and shots for pets in private offices. A

veterinarian may work in the food industry. He inspects



meat packing plants and checks the livestock for disease.

Zoologist A biologist who specializes in the study of animals either

in the wild or in a zoo. He studies the characteristics of

animals such as origin, interrelationships, classification,

life histories and diseases, development, genetics and

distribution.

1.3 Scientific investigation- Scientific study requires inquiry-discovery approach which involved

scientific investigation.

- It requires the uses of scientific skills, can divided into 2 component:

o Scientific process skills

o Manipulative skills

- Scientific process skills: (mental skill)

o Promote thinking in a critical, creative and analytical manner.

These skills help scientists to systematically find answers and

explanation to a phenomenon.

- Manipulative skills: (hand skill)

o Psychomotor skills required to carry put a successful scientific

investigation.

- Steps involves in scientific investigation:

(a) Make an observation

i. Scientists are always curious about what they saw and

also wonder how these events happened.

(b) State a problem(c) Form of hypothesis (make a smart guess)

i. A hypothesis is a possible explanation to an

observation or an answer to a scientific question.

ii. A hypothesis can be formed from the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding

variable.

(d) Identify the variables:

i. There are three types of variables: Manipulated

variable, responding variable and fixed variable.

ii. Manipulated variable: variable that deliberately

changed.

iii. Responding variable: variable that observed and that

changes in response to the manipulated variable.

iv. Fixed variable: variables that are kept unchanged or

controlled.

(e) Design and perform an experiment to test the hypothesis.

(f) Record and analyze date:

i. Scientists keep records of data obtained from the

experiment.ii. The data should be recorded in a suitable form.

(g) State the conclusion:

i. Scientists use the data from the experiment to evaluate

the hypothesis and draw a conclusion.

ii. The hypothesis is accepted or rejected.

(h) Writing report

Objective: Technique:

Problem statement: Procedure:

Hypothesis: Results:

Variables: Discussion:

Material and apparatus: Conclusion:

- The great advantage of the scientific method is that it is unprejudiced:one does not have to believe a given researcher. One can redo the

experiment and determine whether his results are true or false.

- Practicing scientific attitudes and noble values:

1. Keen interest and curiosity towards the environment

2. Honesty in recording and validation of data.

3. Kind-hearted and caring.

4. Diligent/ hardworking and persevering

5. Responsibility for the safety of oneself, others and theenvironment.

6. Flexibility

7. Critical-minded and open minded.8. Rational thinking.

9. Cooperative, systematic, confident and independent.

10. Thankful to Gods.

11. Fair and justice

12. Respectful and well-mannered.

f4 biology chapter1

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