facility planning and design
TRANSCRIPT
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Facility Planning and Design
Mini Lecture
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Learning Objectives
Define facility layout & its objectives
Describe the six types of layout
Do load-distance analysis of processlayouts
Define work cell
State the retail store flow guidelines Balance assembly lines
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Thinking Challenge
At many public events, longlines occur outside women’srestrooms; none, outside men’s.
Recently, many states in the UShave passed ‘potty-parity’ bills.
Many say: for every 2 toiletsand/or urinals for men, there
must be 3 toilets for women.How can we evaluate the
‘layout’ requirements?
© 1995 Corel Corp.
45 sec.80 sec.
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Possible Solutions
What is meant by ‘parity’? Desirable?
Business goal is customer satisfaction
– Use whatever method is necessary Alternatives
– Status quo (equal number of ‘potties’)
– Different number of ‘potties’ (equal wait) – Moveable walls or partitions
– Common washroom
– Unisex restrooms
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Introduction
to Layout Designs
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What is Facility Layout?
Location or arrangement of everythingwithin & around buildings
Objectives are to maximize
– Customer satisfaction
– Utilization of space, equipment, & people
– Efficient flow of information, material, & people
– Employee morale & safety
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Constraints onLayout Objectives
Product design & volume
Process equipment & capacity
Quality of work life Building & site
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Layout Types
Fixed-position layout
Process-oriented layout
Office layout Retail/service layout
Warehouse layout
Product-oriented layout
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Fixed-Position Layout
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Fixed-Position Layout
Design is for stationary project
Workers & equipment come to site
Complicating factors – Limited space at site
– Changing material needs
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Fixed-Position Layout
Design is for stationary project
Workers & equipment come to site
Complicating factors – Limited space at site
– Changing material needs
Examples – Ship building
– Highway construction
© 1995 Corel Corp.
© 1995
Corel Corp.
© 1995
Corel Corp.
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Process-Oriented Layout
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Process-Oriented Layout
Design places departments with large flowsof material or people together
Dept. areas have similar processes – e.g., All x-ray machines in same area
Used with process-focused processes
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Process-Oriented Layout
Design places departments with large flowsof material or people together
Dept. areas have similar processes• e.g., All x-ray machines in same area
Used with process-focused processes
Examples – Hospitals
– Machine shops© 1995 Corel Corp.
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Process-Oriented LayoutFloor Plan
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Process-Oriented LayoutFloor Plan
Office
Tool Room
Table Saws
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Process-Oriented LayoutFloor Plan
Office
Tool Room
Drill Presses
Table Saws
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Construct ‘from-to-matrix’
Determine space needs for each dept.
Develop initial schematic diagram
Determine layout cost, S S X ij • C ij
By trial-and-error, improve initial layout Prepare detailed plan
– Includes factors besides cost
Process-Oriented LayoutSteps
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From-to-Matrix
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From-to-Matrix
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From-to-Matrix
5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Department
Dept.
1
2
3
4
6
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From-to-Matrix
5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Department
Dept.
1
2
3
4
6
Number of Trips
50 100 0 0 20
30 50 10 0
20 0 100
50 00
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Process-Oriented LayoutExample
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Process-Oriented LayoutExample
You work in facilities engineering. You want tofind the cost of this layout. The cost of moving 1load between adjacent dept. is $1. The cost
between nonadjacent dept. is $2.
Room 1 Room 2 Room 3
Dept. 1 Dept. 2 Dept. 3
Dept. 4 Dept. 5 Dept. 6
Room 4 Room 5 Room 6
60 ft.
40 ft.
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Number of Mat’l Moves(From-to-Matrix)
5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Department
Dept.
1
2
3
4
6
50 100 0 0 20
30 50 10 0
20 0 100
50 00
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Schematic Diagram
& Cost Solution
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Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost
Total Cost $0
1 2 3
64 5
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100
Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $200
Total Cost $200
1 2 3
64 5
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100
50
Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
Total Cost $250
1 2 3
64 5
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20
100
50
Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
1 6 $ 40
Total Cost $290
1 2 3
64 5
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20
100
50
50
Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
1 6 $ 404 2 $ 50
Total Cost $340
1 2 3
64 5
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Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
1 6 $ 404 2 $ 504 3 $ 40
Total Cost $380
20
100
50
50
20
1 2 3
64 5
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Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
1 6 $ 404 2 $ 504 3 $ 404 5 $ 50
Total Cost $430
20
100
50
50
50
20
1 2 3
64 5
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20
100
50
50
50
10
20
Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
1 6 $ 404 2 $ 504 3 $ 404 5 $ 502 5 $ 10
Total Cost $440
1 2 3
64 5
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20
100
50 30
50
50
10
20
Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
1 6 $ 404 2 $ 504 3 $ 404 5 $ 502 5 $ 102 3 $ 30
Total Cost $470
1 2 3
64 5
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20
100
50 30
50
50
10
20
Schematic Diagram& Cost Solution
Dept. Dept. Cost 1 3 $2001 2 $ 50
1 6 $ 404 2 $ 504 3 $ 404 5 $ 502 5 $ 102 3 $ 303 6 $100
Total Cost $570
1 2 3
64 5
100
P O i t d L t
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Process-Oriented LayoutThinking Challenge
You work in facilities engineering. You’ve foundthat the cost of this layout is $570. Develop alower cost layout.
Room 1 Room 2 Room 3
Dept. 1 Dept. 2 Dept. 3
Dept. 4 Dept. 5 Dept. 6
Room 4 Room 5 Room 6
60 ft.
40 ft.
P O i t d L t
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Process-Oriented LayoutSolution*
Probably, you have developed many differentlayouts. There are 6! or 720 possibilities.Putting departments 1 & 3 adjacent to each
other gives a total cost of $480.
Room 1 Room 2 Room 3
Dept. 1 Dept. 3 Dept. 2
Dept. 4 Dept. 5 Dept. 6
Room 4 Room 5 Room 6
60 ft.
40 ft.
C ll l L
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Cellular Layout(Work Cells)
Special case of process-oriented layout
Consists of different machines broughttogether to make a product
Temporary arrangement only
Example: Assembly line set up to produce3000 identical parts in a
job shop
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Work Cell Floor Plan
Office
Tool Room Work Cell
Saws Drills
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Work Cell Advantages
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Work Cell Advantages
Inventory
Floor space
Direct labor costs
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Work Cell Advantages
Inventory
Floor space
Direct labor costsEquipmentutilization
Employeeparticipation
Quality
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Office Layout
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Office Layout
Design positions people, equipment, & offices for maximum information flow
Arranged by process or product – Example: Payroll dept. is by process
Relationship chart used
Examples – Insurance company
– Software company
© 1995Corel Corp.
Offi L t
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Office LayoutFloor Plan
Accounting
Mgr.Brand X
Finance
Fin. Acct.
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Relationship Chart
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1
2
3
4
Relationship Chart
12
3
4
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1 President
2 Costing
3 Engineering
4 President’s Secretary
Relationship Chart
12
3
4
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1 PresidentO
2 Costing
3 Engineering
4 President’s Secretary
Relationship Chart
12
3
Ordinarycloseness:President (1)
& costing (2)
4
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Absolutelynecessary:Costing (2)
& Eng. (3)
1 PresidentO
2 CostingA
3 Engineering
4 President’s Secretary
Relationship Chart
12
3
4
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Ordinarycloseness:Eng. (3) &
secretary (4)
1 PresidentO
2 CostingA
3 Engineering
O4 President’s Secretary
Relationship Chart
12
3
4
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Unimportant:President (1)& costing (3)
1 PresidentO
2 Costing UA
3 Engineering
O4 President’s Secretary
Relationship Chart
12
3
4
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Important:Costing (1) &secretary (4)
1 PresidentO
2 Costing UA
3 Engineering I
O4 President’s Secretary
Relationship Chart
12
3
4
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Absolutelynecessary:President (1) &
secretary (4)
1 PresidentO
2 Costing UA A
3 Engineering I
O4 President’s Secretary
Relationship Chart
12
3
4
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Retail/Service Layout
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Retail/Service Layout
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Retail/Service LayoutGrid Design
Office Carts Check-out
Grocery Store
MeatBread
M i l k
Retail/Service Layout
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Retail/Service LayoutFree-Flow Design
Feature
DisplayTable
Trans.Counter
Apparel Store
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Retail Store
Flow Guidelines
Retail Store
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Retail StoreFlow Guidelines
High-draw items aroundperiphery
© 1995 Corel Corp.
© 1995 Corel Corp.
Retail Store
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Retail StoreFlow Guidelines
High-draw items aroundperiphery
High-impulse & high margin
items in prominent locations
Cereal
© 1995
Corel Corp.© 1995
Corel Corp.
Retail Store
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Retail StoreFlow Guidelines
High-draw items aroundperiphery
High-impulse & high margin
items in prominent locations
‘Power items’ on both sides of aisle
© 1995
Corel Corp.
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
Retail Store
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Retail StoreFlow Guidelines
High-draw items aroundperiphery
High-impulse & high margin
items in prominent locations
‘Power items’ on both sides of aisle
Use end of aisles for highexposure
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
© 1995
Corel
Corp.
Retail Store
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Retail StoreFlow Guidelines
High-draw items aroundperiphery
High-impulse & high margin
items in prominent locations
‘Power items’ on both sides of aisle
Use end of aisles for highexposure
Eliminate cross-over aisles
Retail Store
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Retail StoreShelf Space Planogram
Computerized toolfor shelf-spacemanagement
Generated fromstore’s scanner dataon sales
Often supplied bymanufacturer
2 ft.
5 facings
V O - 5
V O - 5
V O - 5
S U A V E
S U A V E
V
O - 5
P E R T
P E R T
P E R T
P E R T
P E R T
V
O - 5
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Warehouse Layout
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Warehouse Layout
Design balances space (cube)utilization & handling cost
Similar to process layout
– Items moved between dock & various storage areas
Optimum layout depends on
Variety of itemsstored
No. items picked
© 1995 Corel Corp.
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Warehouse Layout Floor Plan
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Warehouse Layout Floor Plan
Zones
Conveyor
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Warehouse Layout Floor Plan
Zones
Conveyor
Order Picker
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Warehouse Layout Floor Plan
Zones
Conveyor
Truck
Order Picker
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Warehouse Layout Floor Plan
Zones
Conveyor
Order Picker
Truck
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Cross-Docking
Transferring goods
k
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Cross-Docking
Transferring goods
from incoming trucks at receiving
docks
In-coming
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
k
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Cross-Docking
Transferring goods
from incoming trucks at receiving
docksto outgoing trucks atshipping docks
Avoids placinggoods into storage
In-coming
Outgoing
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
© 1995 Corel Corp.
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Product-Oriented Layout
P d t O i t d L t
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Product-Oriented Layout
Facility organized around product
Design minimizes line imbalance
– Delay between work stations Types: fabrication line, assembly line
P d t O i t d L t
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Product-Oriented Layout
Facility organized around product
Design minimizes line imbalance
– Delay between work stations Types: fabrication line, assembly line
Examples
– Auto assembly line – Brewery
– Paper mfg.© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
P d t O i t d L t T
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Product-Oriented Layout Types
P d t O i t d L t T
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Product-Oriented Layout Types
Builds components
Uses series of machines
Repetitive process
Machine paced
Balanced by physicalredesign
Fabrication Line
P d t O i t d L t T
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Assembles fabricated
parts Uses workstation
Repetitive process
Paced by tasks
Balanced by movingtasks
Builds components
Uses series ofmachines
Repetitive process
Machine paced Balanced by physical
redesign
Product-Oriented Layout Types
Fabrication Line Assembly Line
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Product-Oriented Layout
Floor Plan
Product-Oriented Layout
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yFloor Plan
Office
BeltConveyor
Product-Oriented Layout
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yFloor Plan
Office
BeltConveyor
Product-Oriented Layout
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1 3
2
4
5
yFloor Plan
Office
BeltConveyor
Operations
Product-Oriented Layout
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1 3
2
4
5
yFloor Plan
Work
Office
BeltConveyor
WorkStation
Note: 5 tasks or operations; 3 work
stations
Work Station
Station
Product-Oriented Layout
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yRequirements
Standardized product
High production volume
Stable production quantities
Uniform quality of raw materials & components
Product-Oriented Layout
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Lower variable costper unit
Lower material
handling costs Lower work-in-
process inventories
Easier training & supervision
y Advantages
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
Product-Oriented Layout
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yDisadvantages
Higher capitalinvestment
– Special equipment
Any work stoppagestops whole process
Lack of flexibility
– Volume – Product
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.