Innovative Climate Finance Mechanisms for Financial Institutions in the Asia-Pacific Region

FACT SHEET

The Republic of IndonesiaPrepared by Kemitraan bagi Pembaruan Tata Pemerintahan (Kemitraan), Jakarta, Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia is located in Southeast Asia, between the Indian and the Pacific oceans, and its capital is Jakarta. It shares a border with Malaysia in the northern part of Borneo and with Papua Guinea in the centre of New Guinea. Indonesia is the world’s largest island country with approximately 17,500 islands, of which more than 7,000 are uninhabited. It has a total population of 264,108,982, reviewed in 20171, and a combined surface area of 1,910,931 sq km. The major Indonesian islands are characterized by densely forested volcanic mountains in the interiors that slope downward to coastal plains covered by thick alluvial swamps that in turn dissolve into shallow seas and coral reefs. Beneath this surface, the unique and complex physical structure of Indonesia encompasses the junction of three major sections of the Earth’s crust and involves a complicated series of shelves, volcanic mountain chains and deep-sea tranches2. Indonesia’s climate is almost entirely tropical; it experiences tropical rainforest (highest precipitation), tropical monsoon and tropical savanna (lowest precipitation)3 conditions. As represented in Figure 1, Indonesia’s CO2 emissions increased from 0.244 metric tons per capita in 1960 to 1.902 in 2013 and its GDP, as shown in Figure 2, reached USD 932.259bn in 20164.

Figure 1: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) and Figure 2: GDP (current US$)

Figure 1 Figure 2

1 Total population found in WorldoMeters (see also h�p://www.worldometers.info/world-population/indonesia-population/)

2 Geographic details found in Encyclopedia Britannica (See also h�ps://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia)

3 Climate information found in Climate Data Org (See also h�ps://en.climate-data.org/country/101/ )

4 CO2 emissions and GDP data of Indonesia gathered from World Bank (See also: h�ps://data.worldbank.org/country/indonesia)

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

Figure 3: Indonesia Map5

5 United Nations Map (See also : h�p://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/indonesi.pdf)

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

Energy

Waste

IPPU

Agriculture

Forestry

Total

453.2

99

36

110.5

647

1,334

1,669

296

69.6

119.66

714

2,869

314

11

2.75

9

497

834

398

26

3.25

4

650

1,081

11%

0.38%

0.10%

0.32%

17.2%

29%

14%

1%

0.11%

0.13%

23%

38%

Sector

GHG Emission Reduction

MTon CO2e % of Total BaUGHG Emission Level 2010 (MTon CO2e)

GHG BaU Emission Level 2030 (MTon CO2e) Unconditional Conditional Unconditional Conditional

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

Energy

Forestry

Agriculture

Waste

Transport

Others

19%

41%

10%

7%

9%

14%

Total

2.74bn

5.32bn

1.29bn

0.91M

1.17bn

1.82bn

12.89bn

3.47bn

7.49bn

1.83bn

1.23bn

1.64bn

2.56bn

18.27bn

Estimated Percentage

Sector Estimated RequirementNDC 29% (USD)

Estimated RequirementNDC 41% (USD)

Energy

Forestry

Agriculture

Waste

Transport

Others

19%

41%

10%

7%

9%

14%

Total

119.26M

257.34M

62.77M

43.94M

56.49M

87.87M

627.66M

180.69M

389.91M

95.10M

66.57M

85.59M

133.14M

951M

61.43M

132.57M

32.33M

22.63M

29.10M

45.27M

323.34M

Estimated Percentage

Sector Disbursement2011 (USD)

State Budget2011 (USD)

Intl. Partners2011 (USD)

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

GrantChannelling

GreenInvestment

BKF

Ditjen PPI

Private Funds

Finance Institutions

MCAI

ICCTF

OJK

MoF

MoEF

Bappenas

Intl. Funds

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

Ministry of NationalDevelopment

Planning (Bappenas)

International Fund/Public Funds

ICCTF

MACI

MCC Grant

Universities

Local Govt.

NGO/CSO

Private Sector

Farmers/ Farmersgroup

Cooperative

Directorate Generalof Climate Change

Community Groups

Private Sector

NGO/CSO

Local Govt.

UniversitiesGovt. of Norway

BLU REDDMoEF

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

Farmers

Farmers group

Cooperative

Local Community

Green Climate Fund(GCF)

Private Sector

NGO/CSO

Local Govt.

Universities

FiscalPolicyOfficeMoF

InvestmentCompanies

Non-BankFinancial inst.

Banks

Private SectorOJK

Insurance

FACT SHEET The Republic of Indonesia

1. Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDCs)

A. NDC Targets

Indonesia has voluntarily commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020. This commitment is a prerequisite for embarking on a more ambitious commitment to further reductions by 2030 using an emissions reduction plan that is evidence-based and inclusive. Moreover, Indonesia has commi�ed to unconditionally reduce 29% of its greenhouse gas emissions against the business as usual scenario by the year of 2030. The achievement scheme of its NDC target is divided into 5 sectorial target as follows:

The table below summarizes the conditional and unconditional targets for reduction set out in Indonesia’s NDC for 2030:

B. NDC Funding Requirements and Gaps

Indonesia has the potential to increase its contribution to reflect a 41% reduction of emissions by 2030, subject to international support for finance, technology transfer and development, and capacity building.

Estimated financial requirements to achieve NDC by 2030 (Table B.01):

Table B.01

Disbursement in 2011 based on above composition (Table B.02):

USD 951 Million

66% (USD 627.66m ) from state budget

34% (USD 323.34m ) from international partners

Table B.02

Climate Change Financing Scheme (Bappenas, 2009)

With reference to Table B.01, approximately USD 12.89bn to USD 18.27bn funding is required to fulfill Indonesia’s NDC in 2030, with an annual average of USD 678.42m to USD 961.58m (calculated moderately for the time frame between 2011 and 2030). Table B.02 illustrates the total disbursement of funds in 2011 – USD 951m – which was around USD 10.5m lower than necessary for the 41% reduction scheme. Such gaps are expected to be met through the implementation of innovative climate finance mechanisms from financial institutions and the private sector.

According to BKF (h�p://www.fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/pkppim/en/site/index/climate-finance-in-indonesia), the UNFCCC, EU and the World Bank have estimated the total mitigation costs for developing countries to be between USD 150bn per year according to a low estimate) and USD 180bn per year based on a high estimate. Assuming a 5%-10% share for Indonesia, the country’s mitigation action could in effect cost between USD 7.5bn and USD 9bn per year. Indonesia has already provided some estimates on country climate financing needs, including those presented in the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC, estimates in the Ministry of Finance’s Green Paper and those submi�ed as part of the mid-term development plan (RPJMN).

2. Climate Finance Stakeholder Mapping

A. Mapping of National Institutions and Actors Involved in Climate Financing

The diagram below provides a mapping of national institutions and actors involved in climate financing and their relationships with a detailed explanation provided a�er.

There are currently four government agencies taking lead on national climate financing:

1. Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas)

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, governments from around the world – both developed and developing countries – agreed to step up their efforts to combat climate change and adopted the “Bali Road Map”, which consists of a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future.

Following the articulation of the Road Map, Bappenas developed multi-sectoral guidelines mainstreaming climate change into its development plan known as the “Yellow Book” in 2008, which laid the groundwork for the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). Established in 2009 and active since 2010, ICCTF is a financial entity that pools climate funds from various international sources and promotes financial coherence.In April 2013, Bappenas established the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) – Indonesia to manage the Compact Grant of the Government of USA. One of the projects funded through this grant is Green Prosperity that supports activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The diagram below depicts the flow of climate funds through Bappenas:

2. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)

A�er the merger between the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry in 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) established the Directorate General for Climate Change (Ditjen PPI) that replaced REDD+ Governing Agency (BP REDD+) and the Indonesian Council of Climate Change (DNPI) in 2015.Ditjen PPI then became the National Focal Point for the Adaptation Fund (AF) and worked together with the National Implementing Entity (NIE) to channel climate funds (as illustrated below) provided by international donors.

3. Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Through its Fiskal Policy Agency (BKF) that houses the Centre of Climate Finance and Multi-lateral Policy, the MoF manages and governs the distribution and implementation of climate funds from international donors, especially a�er BKF became the National Designated Authority (NDA) for the Green Climate Fund. The figure below outlines the MoF’s flow of climate funding.

4. Financial Services Authority (OJK)

Established in 2011 based on Law No 21/2011, the OJK replaced the role of the Indonesian Agency for the Supervision of Capital Market and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) and the role of Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank) in regulating and managing the banking sector.

Through its Roadmap for Sustainable Finance released in 2014 for the period of 2015-2019, OJK determined guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in terms of supporting the government to achieve its NDC of emission reduction in 2030. Within this framework, OJK, in collaboration with WWF Indonesia, has also launched an 18-month pilot project on Sustainable Banking with 8 banks starting in January 2016.

In July2017 together with the University of Udayana, Bali, OJK launched the Bali Centre of Sustainable Finance that will provide training on capacity building and serve as research centre for sustainable finance to its stakeholders. Following this event, OJK also issued the OJK Regulation on Sustainable Finance specifically for all financial sectors to implement financial systems applying the principles of sustainability. The provision of private sector funds for green investments is illustrated below.

B. Role of the Central Bank

The above visualization highlights the role of the Central Bank as the regulator of the national financial system.Since its inception OJK assumed the role of the Indonesian Central Bank, Bank Indonesia and serves as the main institution for regulatory and supervisory functions on:

Financial services in the banking and non-banking sector;

Financial services in the capital market sector; and

Financial services in the insurance sector, pension funds, financing institutions, and other financial services institutions.

In addition, OJK also ensures that all activities within the financial services sector are:

Upholding transparently and accountably principles;

Supporting a sustainable and stable financial system, and;

Protecting the interests of consumers and the society.

To support these functions, OJK has become a member of the Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) and set up a national network of climate finance experts through the initiation of inter-ministerial working groups on climate finance engaging relevant stakeholders. OJK also conducts research to promote low carbon development and published several guidebooks to support sustainable Financial Services.

3. Enabling Policy Framework

The Ministry of Finance (MoF), through its Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) and with participation from key ministries, has developed the first “Mitigation Fiscal Framework” (MFF).

In terms of supporting green growth, the government has provided fiscal and non-fiscal facilities. The government is offering a variety of incentives, which include a tax holiday of between five and 10 years for several pioneer industries such as biofuel and renewable resources as well as a recently issued regulation on incentives in the form of a tax allowance (Decree No. 18 of 2015) for 143 business sectors (from previously 129 sectors), around 10 of which are green industries.

During the Tropical Landscapes Summit in 2015, a joint event between the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID), the Chairman of BKPM, Franky Sibarani, indicated that Indonesia is targeting USD 100bn in investment in sustainable industries by 2019.

Non-fiscal incentives are also available, such as fast track processing and the removal of a minimum investment threshold as a prerequisite to qualify for such incentives. For non-fiscal incentives, policies such as one-stop services for licensing under the BKPM, ease of immigration permits for expatriates and the establishment of a special economic zone (SEZ) in 11 new locations have been introduced (the development of the SEZ is meant to a�ract more foreign investment and promote green growth through policy and regulation e.g. the ease of immigration permits for expatriates involved in industries within the SEZ will bring added skill and knowledge and enable technology transfers in green industries).

Tax allowance

Tax holiday

30% of the total investment for 5 consecutive years

Between 5 to 10 years for pioneer industries such as renewable energy and biofuel industry

21 December 2015

21 December 2015; 27 June 2016

Government Regulation (national level)

Government Regulation/ Finance Minister Regulation (national level)

President of the Republic of Indonesia

President of the Republic of Indonesia; Ministry of Finance

MechanismIncentive AdministrativeLevel

DateIntroduced

RegulatingAuthority

The regulation is under implementation and 11 Special Economic Zones are currently being established, which are expected to give impetus to green Investments

RegulatingAuthority