Basal Metabolic Rate (BMI)

Factors affecting Basal Metabolic Rate

MetabolismDefinition Basal Metabolic RatesAmount of energy required by the body to carry on its vital body processes at rest.Body processes: respiration, circulation, glandular activity, cellular activity, and maintenance of body temperature. Calculating BMRCalculate weight in kg. divide your body weight in pounds by 2.2

Then multiply body weight I kg by 24 hours. This is your BMR

This is the minimal amount of calories you need per day to maintain metabolism.Metabolic Rates?

GENETICS2 biological parents over weight 80% chance of overweight children1 biological parent overweight 40% chance of overweight children

AGE

After the age of 25 the body slowly declines in health Creeping obesity may occurMuscles atrophy, metabolism drops, fat % increases.SURFACE AREATall, slender people expend more energy maintaining body heat than small, round people.Metabolic rate increases to keep body warm

ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE

Exercising or working in extreme temperatures burns more energy thus increases metabolic rateHormonesThyroid gland produces a hormone thyroxin which stabilizes weightHuge change in weight without a change in diet or exercise have thyroid check

Fasting / DietingBody thinks it is going into starvation so..Metabolism decreases so calories are stored as fatBreakdown of muscle tissue for energy

MENOPAUSE

During the last 14 days of the menstrual cycle a women burns 200-300 more calories a dayOnce menopause starts, a woman can gain 10 lbs per year if activity level does not increaseMetabolic TheoriesWeight ManagementFat Cell TheoryCell numberCell size

BROWN/WHITE FAT Beta(brown) / Alpha(white)Types of Fat Cells

BETA BROWN BELLY-breaks down easily, dangerous, increases heart diseaseALPHA- WHITE -BUTTOCKS-holds on to energy stores except during lactationSET POINT THEORYGenetics sets your weight.Body maintains its normal weight and body fat with an internal thermostat which controls the amount of fat on the body.High versus low settingDespite changes in dietary and exercise habits, the body tends to return to its old weight.Body is comfortable around a certain weight and will fight to maintain that weight.Difficult to lose weight especially the last 5-10 pounds. Once weight loss occurs one must maintain the lost weight for 18 months to 3 years. Then must continue the lifestyle change.Lifestyle TheoryPeople regain their weight as they regain their lifestyles 2/3rd gain back the weight.

The more weight youd like to permanently lose, the more of your lifestyle youll need to permanently change.

YO-YO Diet TheoryDieting causes muscle mass to decrease thus decreasing metabolism.Weight loss is due to water loss and muscle loss.Once one begins to eat normal again weight gain occurs due to decreased metabolism

* No quick fix!* Must change dietary and exercise habits for life!