factors affecting grains consumption: the evidence from nhanes survey data lisa mancino, ers-usda...
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Factors affecting grains consumption: The evidence from NHANES survey data
Lisa Mancino, ERS-USDA
Andrea Carlson, CNPP-USDA
National Health and Nutrition Exam Survey
Collected by CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics• First collected in 1960. Became ‘continuous’ in 1999• For any given year is ~ 5,000 people around the US
(15 counties each year)• Oversamples:
Certain age groups: 12-19, 60+
Specific minorities: African Americans, Mexican Americans
Low income persons (< 130% of poverty level)
Pregnant women
NHANES 1999-2001
NHANES (1999-2000)
What it has What it lacks Diet Information
• 1 24 hr recall • What was eaten, when and where
• A second recall • Where food was purchased
Health Information
• Measured BMI • Waist circumference • Weight and diet history • Detailed physical activity
• Diet and nutrition knowledge
Demographic Information
• Gender • Age • Race ethnicity • Marital status • Household income
• Household size • Ability to link children’s information with parents’
• Geographic information
NHANES (1999-2000)
Provides a snap shot of consumption:
What
When
Where
Who
Ser
vin
gs, c
up
s or
ou
nce
s
Proposed Recommended Intake* Average Intake
*US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee
WhatDietary Patterns
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
WholeGrains
OtherGrains
Fruits Vegetables Lean MeatEquivalent
(oz)
Dairy AddedSugar(cups)
Solid Fats(ozs)
What Broad CategoriesPancakes, waffles,
french toast 2.0%
Flour mixes/meat substitues
0.02%
Quick breads5.5%
Ready to eat cereals
5.8%
Cakes, cookies, pies, pastries
9.0%
Pastas, cooked cereals, rice
9.8%
Crackers & salty snacks10.7%
Other11.3%
Grain mixtures18.2%
Breads & rolls27.6%
What Specific foods
Mixtures Other SnacksPizza Burgers Corn chips
Noodle Soups Chicken patties Pretzels
Macaroni and Cheese Corn Dogs Corn puffs and twists
Spaghetti with sauce Fish Sandwiches Crackers
Rice & tomato sauce Pot Pies Popcorn
What Whole Grains
Breads & rolls, 2% Pastas, cooked cereals, rice, 2%
Ready to eat cereals, 3%
Crackers & salty snacks, 5%
Non whole grains, 86%
When% All Grains (% of all calories)
36%
25%
19%
19%
1%
Breakfast
Dinner
Lunch
Snack
(35%)
(15%)
(26%)
(23%)
Brunch
19%
18%
29%
33%
1%
WhenWhole Grains
19%
18%
29%
33%
1%
Dinner
Lunch
Snack
Breakfast
Brunch
WhereSpecific Places: % of All Grains (% of all calories)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Home Work Restaurant Fast Food All Others
64%
(62%)
9.1%
(9%)
7.2%
(9%)
4.9%
(5%)
14.8%
(15%)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Full Sample Reported Whole Grains Reported No WholeGrains
5.7
1.6
5.85.7
0.97
Nu
mb
er o
f S
ervi
ng
s
Whole Grains All other Grains
WhoBy types of grains reported
Who
Do the amounts and types of grains consumed vary by
Socioeconomic factors Income, Marital status, Education, Ethnicity
Biological factorsGender, Age, Body weight,
Lifestyle factorsPhysical Activity, meal patterns, health behaviors, diet
history
WhoSocioeconomic factors
Amount of all grains Any whole grains
AdultsEducation 0.37
Non-Hispanic black
Hispanic
-0.66 -0.78
-0.48
ChildrenIncome 0.19 0.05
WhoBiological Factors
Amount of all grains Any whole grains
AdultsAge -0.04 0.01
Men 2.19 -0.22
Waist Measure -0.64
Children
Age 0.19 0.09
Boys 1.96
BMI -0.06 -0.01
WhoLifestyle Factors
Amount of all grains Any whole grains
AdultsCigarettes -0.01 -0.03
Alcohol -0.13
Breakfast 1.90 0.71
Snacking 0.02
Optimism (Weight) -0.41
Portion Control
Extreme Measures
-0.89
-1.17
WhoLifestyle Factors
Amount of all grains Any whole grains
ChildrenBreakfast 1.54 0.90
Snacking 0.03 0.01
So…. Can we say anything about shifts in grain consumption?
• Changing Demographics– Age– Ethnicity [whole grains] (adults)– Education [whole grains] (adults)– Income (children)
• Changing diets and lifestyles– More health conscious ?
For More Information
ERS-www.ers.usda.gov
CNPP-www.cnpp.usda.gov
NHANES-www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm
The End