factors affecting itb students to be unwilling to ride the campus bicycles

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Factors Affecting ITB Students to be

Unwilling to Ride the Campus Bicycles

Prepared for

Yos Sunitiyoso

Lecture, BRM MB4102

Prepared by :

Steven Gunawan

Veby Linzonia

Muhammad Syirodj

Evan Nathan

Ahmad Adityareza


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Approval Page

Research Title : Factors Affecting ITB Students to be Unwilling to

Ride Campus Bicycles

Member of Group :

1. Steven Gunawan2. Veby Linzonia3. Muhammad Syirodj4. Evan Nathan5. Ahmad Adityareza

Approved by:

Tutor BRM 2E BRM Lecturer

(Fikri Hadiansyah) (Yos Sunitiyoso)


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Table of ContentsCHAPTER I...........................................................................................................4

Introduction...........................................................................................................4

1.1 Research Background...............................................................................41.2 Problem statement.....................................................................................51.3 Research question......................................................................................51.4 Research objective.....................................................................................6

CHAPTER II..........................................................................................................7

Literature review...................................................................................................7

2.1 ITB campus..................................................................................................7

2.1.1 Campus Facility in ITB..........................................................................72.1.2 Camupus bycicle in ITB.........................................................................92.1.3 Sampling Method.......................................................................... ........10

2.1.4 Sample size.............................................................................................13

CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................... 15

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................... 15

3.1 The Methodology .................................................................................. 15

3.2 Population and Sample Design ............................................................ 15

3.3 Validity and Reliability ........................................................................ 15

3.4 Data Gathering ..................................................................................... 16

CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................ 19

Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 19

4.1 Descriptive Analysis Test ..................................................................... 19

4.1.1 Gender of Respondent .................................................................. 19

4.1.2 Faculty of Respondents ................................................................. 20

4.1.3 How to go to campus ..................................................................... 204.1.4 Ability to ride a bicycle ................................................................. 21

4.1.5 Know the existence of campus bicycles ....................................... 21

4.1.6 Have you ever use the campus bicycles ....................................... 22

4.1 Reliability Test ...................................................................................... 22

4.2 Factor Analysis Test ............................................................................. 22

4.3 Initial Eigen Values .............................................................................. 24

4.4 Rotated Component Matrix................................................................. 24

1. http://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm ............................. 29


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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Research BackgroundBandung Institute of Technology (ITB) is one of the oldest

universities in Indonesia. ITB is also known as one of best engineering

universities in the world. The area of ITB campus is quite large. When

we want to go from one place to another place inside the campus, we find

that it takes quite a long time. To shorten the time when travelling inside

the campus, there should be a model of transportation which the students

can use so that they can travel faster.

In solving that problem, ITB alumni have donated the campus

bicycles facility. This facility consists of some units of bicycles and 3

shelters inside the campus. They hope by riding a bicycle instead of

walking, ITB students will arrive faster to their destination inside the

campus. Besides that, the existence of the campus bicycles facility is to

support ITB to become Eco-Green Campus.

However, as the time passed, there are several problems that

appear from this facility like many of the bicycles cannot be used

because they are broken, the bicycles are often locked, lack of the

number of shelters and it is often hard to access the campus bicycles

facility. These problems make ITB students unwilling to use the campus

bicycles. They prefer walking than riding the campus bicycles in the

campus area.

According to this condition, we would like to do some research

about the operation of the campus bicycles and know what the factors

that can cause ITB students so that they are unwilling to ride the campus

bicycles are. Finally, from the whole information that we get, we will

make a conclusion and find some solutions so that the campus bicycles

will become more effective and functional as it should be. Therefore,


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this research is also for completing the Business Research Method Class.

The topic of this research is Factors Affecting ITB Students to be

Unwilling to Ride the Campus Bicycles. We hope that our research

can help ITB in finding the factors that cause ITB students unwilling to

use the campus bicycles so that the campus bicycles facility can be more

effective.

1.2PROBLEM STATEMENTThe existence of the campus bicycles is very beneficial for the ITB

students to shorten the time when they are travelling from one place to

another inside the campus. However, we can see that the ITB students

rarely use the campus bicycles. The purpose of ITB alumni donating the

campus bicycles has not been delivered to them. There must be some

factors that affect the ITB students so that they are unwilling to ride the

campus bicycles.

1.3RESEARCH QUESTIONSAfter determining the problem, which we want to discover in this

research, there are two main questions to be developed that will be the

main guide of this research which are:

What are the factors that cause ITB students to be unwilling toride the campus bicycles ?

The Alumnus 88 donate the bicycles to ITB to be used by the ITB

students. From our observation, this bicycles havent fully used by

ITB students. It happens because of some factors. We want to know

what are the factors that can cause this through this research.

How can we make the campus bicycles be more effective andfunctional ?

To see, whether the campus bicycle can be more functional, we must

know the causes first. Once we know the causes, then we can figure

out how to make the campus bike more functional and effective.


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1.4RESEARCH OBJECTIVEAligned with the research questions, the objective of this research

is to know what are the factors that cause ITB students to be unwilling toride the campus bicycles. After that, we can know from the factors, what

can be done to make the campus bicycle more effective for the ITB

students.


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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.2 ITB CampusInstitut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) or Bandung Insitute of

Technology or Institute of technology Bandung, was founded on March 2,

1959. The present ITB main campus is the site of earlier engineering

schools in Indonesia. Although these institutions of higher learning had

their own individual characteristics and missions, they left influence on

developments leading to the establishment of ITB.

In 1959, the present lnstitut Teknologi Bandung was founded by

the Indonesian government as an institution of higher learning of science,

technology, and fine arts, with a mission of education, research, and

service to the community.

ITB is the campus with less area than the other nations campus.

Bandung, with a population of approximately one and a half million, lies

in the mountainous area of West Java, at an altitude of 770 meters. The

ITB main campus, to the north of the town centre, and its other campuses,

cover a total area of 770,000 square meters. The areas of ITB are suitable

to ride bicycle in around campus.

2.2.1 Campus Facility in ITBThe alumni of ITB are known by their high solidarity so that it

becomes a power for the growth of ITB. ITB alumni often hold seminar,

kuliah umum, donate facilities and many more. In these recent years,

Alumni have donated some facilities like water tap, campus bicycles and

some places for reading on the campus area. Donating facilities will be

more real than only donating money. However, by donating facilities,

there also will come some expenses for the maintenance of the facilities.

The ITB alumni should be had thought about this before. But, the fact is


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the facilities from donation of the alumni only become campus

accessories that only give accent for the campus without functions as it

should be.

Until 2010, ITB is the only university that has the water tap

facility. There are 70 water taps that scattered around the campus. The

number of water tap, 70, is the same as the year of the alumni that

donated this facility that is Alumni of ITB 1970. Since its first launch at

2005, the water tap facility has only given a few benefits for ITB.

Bad management of the facility is the main problem from the

disfunctional of this campus facility. The Alumni of ITB 1970 have

rented the third party for managing the water tap. However, there are

some problems that appears from the water process using RO. The

process is inhibited because of the lack of number of the filters and also

the water pumps are often broken.

The same thing happened to other campus facility, Campus

Bicycles. The campus bicycles, that is officially opened in 12 June 2010,are often lost from the shelters. When the campus bicycles are on the

shelters, they are often locked with chains. Besides that, the condition of

the bicycles are often bad like the chains are broken, flat tires, the handle

is not in good condition, and many more. Ganesha Bicycler ITB is the

one who holds management of the campus bicycles facility.

The system of usage of the campus bicycles has been fully given to

ITB students. There are some problems that appear because of the

weakness of the system. One of them is there are a lot of bicycles that are

kidnapped by ITB students to the secretariat of Himpunan Jurusan or

any other places that are not the shelters for bicycles. The security

officers of ITB often have to search for the bicycles that are kidnapped

by ITB students on the campus.


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Not only two of the facilities above, the reading places on campus

are also not in a good condition. Although they are just recently

launched, the reading places are always empty of the reading materials.

There are four reading place on ITB campus that are on atm gallery,

basement CC. Barat, TVST dan Sekretariat Kabinet KM-ITB.

We can see from the three facilities donated by the ITB alumni that

there is still lack of responsibility and the sense of belonging of the

facilities. The alumni that have donated the facilities are also have to

think about the maintenance of the facilities.

ITB students also have to be responsible for the campus facilities

that have been given for them. We can see from the condition of the

campus facilities nowadays that ITB students cannot differentiate

between public facilities and private facilities.

For the ITB itself, ITB should watch the implementation of these

facilities. If ITB cannot handle such thing like that, the plan for ITB to

become a world class university is just a utopia. It is better to remove the

campus facilities than left it unorganized.

2.2.2 Campus Bicycle in ITBBicycle is a model of transportation that eases people to move

from one place to another place. Bicycles are used by all people start

from government official, businessman, farmer, until college students.

College students that come from other cities usually use bicycle as their

main transportation to go to the campus, and so do ITB students. Most of

ITB students use bicycle to go to the campus, moreover ITB campus has

a large and beautiful area. Because of that, riding a bicycle is a good

choice for ITB students to go around the campus. ITB facilitates the

students with campus bicycles facility so that students can ride bicycles

in the campus area. Since the first time launched, ITB hopes that this

facility can support the bicycle as a comfortable and healthy model of

transportation to support the campus activities.


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Bike at Campus program is a program that first founded by ITB

alumni of 1988 on 10th July 2012. This program provides 90 Polygon

bicycles with 3 shelters that located on south of ITB (near front gate),

east (near GKU Timur), and North West ITB (near the PAU building).

Since its first launch, the program means a lot to ITB. The initiators of

this program, the ITB alumnus 1988, hope that with the existence of

campus bicycles, some noble visions can be achieved. First, the

availability of model of transport that is safe, well maintained and

friendly environment in the ITB campus. The second, create a campus

environment that is more friendly, healthy, and friendly. Third, the

realization of academic community that is healthy, happy, and care about

each other and their environment.

The campus bicycle facility is provided to be ride in the ITB

campus everyday start from 7 a.m. until 5 p.m. Campus bicycles have to

be placed in order on the three shelters that have been provided in the

campus area. The shelters cannot be used for other bicycles than the

campus bicycles. It is prohibited for the user to ride it for more than one

people on the bicycle.

Although, this facility has been run as best as possible,

unfortunately the system that has made good, now, it runs poorly. This

thing happens because of the undicipline of the bicycle users. There is a

bike that is put in the wrong place and officers often have to hassle to

find the bike or fix it several times.

In order this Bike at campus program can run effectively, it needs

cooperation with various parties. "We can not monitor all the ITB region,

because there are other things more important to be controlled. Therefore

we beg, the bicycle users are willing to work with us to keep the system

afloat," said Sumadi, as the Deputy Commander of Security Officer ITB.

With the cooperation of all parts of ITB, the campus bicycle

facility is expected to run well in achieving the visions. Besides the ITB


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students are healthier and more productive in doing their activities in ITB

campus, this program is expected to support ITB in realizing ITB as Eco-

green campus.

2.2.3 Sampling MethodIt is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target

population. There are no strict rules to follow, and the researcher must

rely on logic and judgment. The population is defined in keeping with the

objectives of the study.

Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the

researcher can include the entire population in the study. This type of

research is called a census study because data is gathered on every

member of the population.

Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to

survey all of its members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be

used to represent the population. The sample reflects the characteristics

of the population from which it is drawn.

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or non

probability. In probability samples, each member of the population has a

known non-zero probability of being selected. Probability methods

include random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling.

In non probability sampling, members are selected from the population in

some nonrandom manner. These include convenience sampling,

judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The

advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be

calculated. Sampling error is the degree to which a sample might differ

from the population. When inferring to the population, results are

reported plus or minus the sampling error. In non probability sampling,

the degree to which the sample differs from the population remains

unknown (www.statpac.com).


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Random sampling is the purest form of probability sampling. Eachmember of the population has an equal and known chance of being selected.

When there are very large populations, it is often difficult or impossible to

identify every member of the population, so the pool of available subjects

becomes biased.

Systematic sampling is often used instead of random sampling. It is alsocalled an nth name selection technique. After the required sample size has

been calculated, every nth record is selected from a list of population

members. As long as the list does not contain any hidden order, this sampling

method is as good as the random sampling method. Its only advantage over

the random sampling technique is simplicity. Systematic sampling is

frequently used to select a specified number of records from a computer file.

Stratified sampling is commonly used probability method that is superiorto random sampling because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset

of the population that shares at least one common characteristic. Examples of

stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The

researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation

in the population. Random sampling is then used to select a sufficientnumber

of subjects from each stratum. "Sufficient" refers to a sample size large

enough for us to be reasonably confident that the stratum represents the

population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the

stratums in the population have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.

Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where theresearcher is interested in getting an inexpensive approximation of the truth.

As the name implies, the sample is selected because they are convenient. This

non probability method is often used during preliminary research efforts to

get a gross estimate of the results, without incurring the cost or time required

to select a random sample.

Judgment sampling is a common non probability method. Theresearcher selects the sample based on judgment. This is usually an

extension of convenience sampling. For example, a researcher may

decide to draw the entire sample from one "representative" city, even


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though the population includes all cities. When using this method, the

researcher must be confident that the chosen sample is truly

representative of the entire population.

2.2.4 Sample SizeThere are two categories of general recommendations in terms of

minimum sample size in factor analysis. One category says that the

absolute number of cases (N) is important, while the another says that the

subject-to-variable ratio (p) is important. Arrindell and van der Ende

(1985), Velicer and Fava (1998), and MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang andHong (1999) have reviewed many of these recommendationsof sample

size

Rule of 100: Gorsuch (1983) and Kline (1979, p. 40) recommanded atleast 100 (MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang & Hong, 1999). No sample

should be less than 100 even though the number of variables is less

than 20 (Gorsuch, 1974, p. 333; in Arrindell & van der Ende, 1985, p.

166);

Hatcher (1994) recommanded that the number of subjects should bethe larger of 5 times the number of variables, or 100. Even more

subjects are needed when communalities are low and/or few variables

load on each factor (in David Garson, 2008).

Rule of 150: Hutcheson and Sofroniou (1999) recommends at least150 - 300 cases, more toward the 150 end when there are a few highly

correlated variables, as would be the case when collapsing highly

multicollinear variables (in David Garson, 2008).

Rule of 200. Guilford (1954, p. 533) suggested that N should be atleast 200 cases (in MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang & Hong, 1999, p84;

in Arrindell & van der Ende, 1985; p. 166).


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Rule of 250. Cattell (1978) claimed the minimum desirable N to be250 (in MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang & Hong, 1999, p84).

Rule of 300. There should be at least 300 cases (Noru?is, 2005: 400, inDavid Garson, 2008).

Significance rule. Lawley and Maxwell (1971) suggested 51 morecases than the number of variables, to support chi-square testing (in

David Garson, 2008).

Rule of 500. Comrey and Lee (1992) thought that 100 = poor, 200 =fair, 300 = good, 500 = very good, 1,000 or more = excellent They

urged researchers to obtain samples of 500 or more observations

whenever possible (in MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang & Hong, 1999,

p84).


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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1The MethodologyDerived from the purpose of the research, the type of research we

use is exploratory research. The research is done by using surveys

through questionnaires. Surveys provide information that we need to

complete the research.

3.2Population and Sample Design

Population of this research is the ITB students that are currently

studying in ITB campus. Sampling design shows how our respondents

for this research are chosen. Sampling method that was being used in this

research is stratified sampling technique. Stratified sampling method is a

sampling method that divides the population into some classes based on

the similarities and then we choose the respondents from each of the

class.

We divide the ITB students into 12 Faculties. After that, we

distributed the questionnaires equally to every faculty so that we got

respondents from each of the faculty. Based on Gorsuch, 1974, p. 333; in

Arrindell & van der Ende, 1985, p. 166, it is recommended to have the

sample not less than 100 even though the number of variables is less than

20. Following the rule, we distributed more than 100 questionnaires to

our respondents. The questionnaires (see attachment A) have been

distributed and successfully collected at the number of 122.

3.3Validity and ReliabilityAs a part of standard operation procedure in distributing self-

constructed questionnaire, we need to test with validity test and

reliability test.


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Validity is defined as the extent to which the instrument measures

what it purports to measure. The criterion of validity test in brief (the rule

of thumb) is 0,3. If the correlation value is greater than 0.3, then the

questions is categorized as valid.

Reliability is defined as the extent to which a questionnaire, test,

observation or any measurement procedure produces the same results on

repeated trials. In short, it is the stability or consistency of scores over

time or across raters.

We tested the validity and reliability of our questionnaire by

using SPSS tool. First, we tried to distribute 20 of our questionnaires.

After that, we recorded the data in the Microsoft Excel. Next, we moved

the data to SPSS and do the analysis of validity and reliability.

3.4Data GatheringData gathering is essential in order to discover information,

establish priority of information, and study the manner of respondents.

After we let the respondents filled out the questionnaires, we collected

the questionnaires and recorded the information that we got from the

questionnaires using Microsoft Excel. Next, we moved the data to SPSS

statistics tool to be analyzed.


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3.5Data Gathering Process

3.6Data Gathering MethodThe time for this research is limited, so we used questionnaires to

collect data from 122 respondents. The questionnaire consisted of 22

questions; 5 questions on respondents data and 14 questions from

independent variables. Data collected from the questionnaires then

analyzed using SPSS statistics tool.

IdentifyResearch

background

DefineResearchObjective

DetermineResearchMethod

Identify theRespondents

Set Time ForData Gathering

Collect theData Needed

Record theData

Sampling Questionnaire Data Analysis Report


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3.7Data AnalysisData that has been received from the respondents then interpreted

into numbers which can be analyzed further using SPSS statistics tool.

The data is analyzed by using factor analysis method to know the factors

that affecting ITB students to be unwilling to ride the campus bicycles by

grouping the variables into smaller groups of factors.

The data is valid if the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling

Adequacy is higher than 0.3 and the significance is equal to 0.000 (zero).

It means that the variables in one type of factor are typically similar to

one another within the factor group.


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Chapter 4

Data Analysis

4.1 Descriptive Analysis TestDescriptive analysis test is analysis that classifies the data

questionnaire. Here are some results of 122 Respondents.

4.1.1

Gender of Respondent

Figure 4.1.2. Gender

From this chart, we see that our respondents are 67 % man and 33% Man

Men

67%

Women

33%

Gender of Respondents


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4.1.2 Faculty of Respondents

Figure 4.1.3. Faculty of Respondents

From this chart, we see that our respondents come from every faculty in ITB.

4.1.3 How to go to campus

Figure 4.1.4. How to go to campus

From our respondents, we can see that 54% of our respondents taking public

transportations to go to campus, 25% using private transportation, 16% walking,

3% bicycle and 2% others.

FMIPA8.3% FTTM

7.2%FTSL

8.9%

SAPPK

9.1%

FSRD

3.7%

SBM

12%FTI

9.4%

FITB

7.5%

SITH

9%

SF

7.9%

FTMD

8.3%

STEI8.7%

Faculties of respondents

walking

16%

Public

Transportation

54%

Private Vehicle

25%

Bicycle

3%

Others

2%

How to go to campus


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4.1.4 Ability to ride a bicycle

Figure 4.7.5. The Awareness of Respondents on Ingredients of Cosmetic

From the questionnaire, 96% of our respondents can ride bicycles and 4% cannot

ride bicycles. From our respondents, we can see that most of ITB students can

ride bicycles.

4.1.5 Know the existence of campus bicycles

From the questionnaire, 99% of the respondents know about the campus bicycles

and 1% of them dont know about the campus bicycles. We can see that most of

our respondents know about the campus bicycles.

ya

96%

tidak

4%

Ability to ride bicycle

Yes

99%

No

1%

Know about the campus bicycles or

not


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In this research, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and Anti Image

correlation matrix is used to analyze the data. Kaiser Meyer Olkin

Measure of Sampling Adequacy is used in order to analyze the similarity

of each variable in each group. In order to be valid, the KMO test must

be higher than 0.5 and the level of significance should be below 0.05.

Anti-Image Correlation Matrix contains the negative partial covariance

and correlations. Diagonals are used as a measure of sampling adequacy

(MSA). Variable with diagonal anti-image correlations of less than 0.5

should be excluded from the analysis they lack sufficient correlation

with other variables.

Figure 4.3.1 KMO and Bartlett's Test

The result of the test shows that the KMO Test result is 0.756 andthe level of significance is 0.000. Thus, it is shown that the data in this

research is valid.

Figure 4.3.2 Anti Image Correlation


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From the table above, we can see that the Diagonal of Anti Image

Correlation (MSA) is all higher than 0.5. It proves that all of variables

have sufficient correlation with other variables.

4.3 Initial Eigen Values

Figure 4.4. Variance Analysis Table

From the total variance shown in the table above, it is shown that

these 14 Variables can be group into 4 different factors with different

function on effect of dependent variables.

4.4 Rotated Component Matrix

The Rotated component matrix is used to see which component of

each variable has same effect on affecting willingness of ITB students to

ride campus bicycles with more significant result after rotated. The

grouping of the variables can be determined by the biggest nominal in the

component.

We have to delete Number of Shelters because its factor loading

value(nominal in the component) is hard to be grouped in one of the

factors. We only can group the variables if the differences of loading


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value/nominal in all component is greater than 0.1. Number of Shelters"

highest component is 0.435 and it is too near to 0.360, so we have to

remove this variable.

Figure 4.5.1 Rotated Component Matrix Table


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Figure 4.5.2 Rotated Component Matrix Table after deleting number

of shelters

Extraction method : Principal Component Analysis

Rotation method : Varimax with kaizer Normalization

After we used Rotated component matrix and delete the insufficient

variable, we can conclude that there are 4 main factors that have different

effect on dependent variables. The factors that affecting ITB students to

be unwilling to ride campus bicycles are :

1. Condition of the road and traffic in ITB campus. Existence of the cycling track Traffic in ITB Pedestrians on the road Topography of roads in ITB


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2. The number and condition of campus bicycles and the shelters. Operating hours of the campus bicycles Number of campus bicycles Campus bicycles are often broken Campus bicycles are often locked

3. Safety and Time Consumed riding campus bicycles. Safety in using campus bicycles Time consumed riding campus bicycles compared to walking Condition of road in ITB

4. Location and access to the campus bicycles. Location of shelter is far from Lecturing Building Access to the campus bicycles


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1. http://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm

http://majalahganesha.com/blog/2012/05/03/sampah-sampah-sumbangan-alumni/
http://majalahganesha.com/blog/2012/05/03/sampah-sampah-sumbangan-alumni/http://majalahganesha.com/blog/2012/05/03/sampah-sampah-sumbangan-alumni/http://majalahganesha.com/blog/2012/05/03/sampah-sampah-sumbangan-alumni/

factors affecting itb students to be unwilling to ride the campus bicycles

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