faculty of life sciences - guru nanak dev universitygndu.ac.in/syllabus/201415/life/msc hons...

Faculty of Life Sciences

Syllabus

for

M. Sc. (HONS.) (FERMENTATION & MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY)

(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System) (Semester: I to IV)

Examinations: 2014–15

Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar.

Note: (i) Copy rights are reserved.

Nobody is allowed to print it in any form. Defaulters will be prosecuted. (ii) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time. Please visit the University website time to time.

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M.Sc. (Hons.) Fermentation & Microbial Technology (Semester System) (Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

Program Code: FTB

Scheme of Courses Semester I

Credits Course No.

C/E/I

Course Title L T P

Total Credits

Core Course

FTL411 C Concepts in Microbiology 3 0 0 3

FTL 412 C Microbial Diversity 3 0 0 3

FTL 413 C Fermentation Technology 3 0 0 3

FTL 414 C Microbial Genetics 3 0 0 3

MTL 261

C

Biostatistics

4

0

0

4

FTP423 C Fermentation Technology Lab 0 0 3 3 FTP 424 C Microbiological Techniques 0 0 4.5 4.5

Total Credits ‐ ‐ ‐ 23.5

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Program Code: FTB

Scheme of Courses Semester–II:

Course No. C/E/I Course Title Total

Credits

L T P

FTL 461 C Biochemical Engineering 3 0 0 3

FTL 462 C Microbial Nutrition & Metabolism 3 0 0 3

FTL 463 C Biochemical and Biophysical Techniques 3 0 0 3

FTL 464 C Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering 4 0 0 4

FTL 465 C Environmental Microbiology 3 3 0 0 3 3

FTP473 C Techniques in Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering 0 0 3 3

FTP 474 C Environmental Microbiology & Physiology Lab 0 0 3 3

Total Credits ‐ ‐ ‐ 22

3


Semester–III:

Credits Total Credits

Course No. C/E/I Course Title

L T P

Core Course FTL 503 C Advances in Industrial Microbiology 3 0 0 3

FTL 502 C Environmental Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

FTL 511 C Malting Brewing & Enzyme Technology 3 0 0 3

CSL591 C Computer Applications 3 0 0 3

MTL 261 C Biostatistics 3 1 0 4

I Interdisciplinary course** 3 0 0 3

FTP 523 C Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology

Lab

0 0 4.5 4.5

Total 23.5

Interdisciplinary Courses** Industrial Microbiology (FTL 061)

Advances in Environmental Biotechnology (FTL 062)

4


Semester–IV:

Credits Course No. C/E/I Course Title L T P

Total Credits

Core Course FTL 551 C Recent advances in Fermentation Technology 4 0 0 4

E Elective courses* 3 1 0 4

FTL 552 C Microbial enzymes 4 0 0 4

FTL 553 C Assignment/case study/review/survey 4 0 0 4

FTP 571 C Field Study or Industrial Tour 0 0 2 2

I Interdisciplinary Course** 3 0 0 3

FTP 572 C Laboratory course in Microbial Enzymes 0 0 4.5 4.5

Total Credits 25.5

Interdisciplinary Course** FTL 063 Studies on Microbial Enzymes Elective Courses* FTL 581 Fundamental of Medical Microbiology & Immunology FTL 583 Concepts in Microbial Genetics

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M.Sc. (Hons.) Fermentation & Microbial Technology) (Semester-I) (Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

FTL-411: CONCEPTS IN MICROBIOLOGY Credits: 3-0-0

Historical developments of microbiology scope of microbiology, Brief account of

organization and classification of microorganisms. Differences between prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cell. Overview of bacterial cell structure, (size, shape, arrangement membrane,

cell wall, cytoplasmic inclusions, mesosomes, flagella and motility, slime, capsule, pili,

chemotaxis, endospore) The brief account of fungi, structure, physiology and classification,

brief account of virus (bacteriophages) structure, life cycle (lytic and lysogenic).Microscopy:

Principles and applications in microbiology, brightfield microscopy, darkfield

microscopy, fluorescence and immuno flourescence microscopy, phase contrast and electron

(transmission and scanning) microscopy. Staining of microorganisms.Reproduction and

Growth: Life cycles of representative microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and viruses,

population growth and its measurement, effect of environmental condition on growth pH,

temp. aeration etc, continuous culture, diauxic, synchronous growth cultures and anaerobic

cultures.Control of Microorganisms:Control of microbes by physical and chemical agents.

Antibiotics, properties and mode of action; Drug resistance and its significance. Antibiotic

sensitivity test. Industrial uses of bacteria yeast & molds.

Books Recommended: 1. Stanier, R.Y. Adelberg, E.A. and Ingraham, J.L. (1984), General Microbiology, IV edn.

Mac Millan Press.

2. Pelczar, M.J. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, V Ed. McGraw Hill.

3. Prescott. L.M. Harley J.P. and L. Kreig D.A. (1990). Microbiology, WCB Publishers.

4. Rosenberg, E & Cohen I.R. (1983). Microbial Biology. H.S. International Editions.

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FTL- 412: Microbial Diversity

Credits 3-0-0 Characteristics of bacteria: Morphology, structure and reproduction. A brief description of

some important bacteria: Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Escherichia, Streptococcus, Bacillus,

Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Methanobacterium, Streptomyces. Chemical & physical methods

of virus isolation plaque method, pock method & end point method. Bacteriophage, general

account, one-step growth, lytic & lysogenic phages, Plant viral diseases, symptoms,

transmission & multiplication, viral diseases of animals, infection, multiplication,

transmission control of viruses by conventional & non-conventional methods. General

account and role of virus in genetic engineering. Introduction, distribution, thallus

organization, cell structure, nutrition, sexual and asexual reproduction, heterothallism and

parasexuality in fungi. Classification of fungi, general life cycles and salient identification

features of important fungi i.e. Phytophthora, Aspergillus, Saccharomyces, Penicillium,

Rhizopus, and Puccinia. Economic importance of fungi, Mushroom cultivation.

Books Recommended:

1. Holtz, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sncath, P.H.A., Atalay, J.T. and Williams, S.T.(Eds.)

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Determinative Bacteriology, 9th Edition (William R.

Hensyl Ed.).

2. Davis, B.D. Delbecco. R. Eisen, H.N. Ginsberg. H.S. and Wood, W.B. Jr.

Microbiology, Harper & Row.

3. Stanier, R.Y. Ingraham, J.L. Wheeto, M.L. and Painter, P. R. General Microbiology,

Mc. Millan Press Ltd. U.K.

4. Alexopolous, C.J. and Mims, C.W. 1979. Introductory Mycology, IIIrd edn., John

Wiley and Sons inc., New York.

5. Burnett, J.H. 1976, Fundamentals of Mycology, Edward Arnold.

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FTL-413: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0

Introduction and historical developments in fermentation technology: Introduction to

fermentation processes, Microbial culture selection for fermentation processes. Media

formulation, inoculum development and process optimization.

Gaden's Fermentation classification, Design and operation of Fermenters, Basic

concepts for selection of a reactor, Packed bed reactor, Fluidized bed reactor, Trickle bed

reactor, Bubble column reactor, Scale up of Bioreactor.

Fermentation processes for production of SCP, enzymes, amino acids, citric acid, penicillin,

Bioprocess economics and Bioproduct regulation..

Down Stream processing. Recovery of particulate matter, product isolation,

distillation, centrifugation, whole broth processing, filtration, aqueous two-phase separation,

solvent extraction, chromatography and electrophoresis.

Reference:

1. Biely, J.E. and Ollis, D.F. Bio Chemical Engineering Fundamentals (1986), Mcgraw

Hills. Rehm, H.J. and Reed, G. (ed), Biotechnology, Vol 1-2, Verlag chemie.

2. Stanbury, P.E. and Whitaker, A., Principles of Fermentation Technology (1984),

Pergamon Press.

3. Pirt, S.J., Principles of Microbial and Cell Cultivation. Blackwell Scientific Publication,

London.

4. Moo-young, M., Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol. 1-4, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

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FTL-414: MICROBIAL GENETICS

Credits: 3-0-0 Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome: Chromatin and chromosomes,

nucleosomes.

Mutants and their role in microbial genetics, types of mutants, fluctuation test, genetic

analysis with mutants and gene mapping, linkage and multifactor crosses and

complementation, Reversion and suppression.

Generalized recombination: Molecular mechanism and proteins involved in recombination,

Transposable elements: types and mechanism of transposition, significance. Phage Mu.

Transformation: competence factors and DNA uptake, significance. Conjugation: F-factor,

Hfr strain and interrupted mating. Transduction: generalised and specialized transduction,

mechanism.

Phage λ: gene organization, lytic and lysogenic phase.

Bacterial plasmids; types, control of copy number and incompatibility, fertility factors,

Resistance factor

Books Recommended:

1. Friefelder, D., Maloy, S.R. and Cronan, J.E. 1994. Microbial Genetics, IInd Edition.

Jones and Barlett Publishers.

2. Genes IX, Lewin, Benjamin 2007, CBS Publishers and Distributors

3. Malacinski, G.M. & Friefelder, D. 1993. Essentials of Molecular Biology, IInd Edition.

Jones and Bartleet Publishers.

4. Synder, L. and Champness W. 1997. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press.

5. Stent G.S. & Calender, R. 1986. Molecular Genetics 2nd Edition, CDS Publishers.

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MTL 261- BIOSTATISTICS

Credits: 4-0-0

Note: The scope of this paper is restricted only to the applications of various statistical techniques. The mathematical derivations of various results are excluded. Statistical Method: Collection of data. Frequency distribution and its graphical representation. Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis moments.

(12 Lectures) Correlation and Regression: Relationship between variables, covariance, Karl-Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, interpretation of correlation coefficients. Least square technique for regression lines (without proof), regression coefficients, relationship between correlation analysis and regression analysis. (07 Lectures) Probability: Mathematical definition of probability of an event. Use of permutations and combinations in calculations of probability, Conditional probability. Additive and multiplication law of probability, random variables and its pmf, pdf, cdf, mathematical expectation and variances. Theoretical Distribution of binomial, poison and normal Properties of these distributions (Applications only). (08 Lectures) Hypothesis Testing: Sample population statistics and parameters, null hypothesis, level of significance. Definitions of Chi-square test, ‘t’ and ‘f’ varieties and their Pdf 3 only, Application of these distributions in testing of hypothesis. (10 Lectures) Analysis of Variance: Meaning of analysis variance with linear models. Analysis of variance for one-way classified data, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with one observations for cell, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with multiple but equal number of observations per cell (data analysis only). (08 Lectures)

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Text Books:

1. Raghavarao, D.: Statistical Techniques in Agricultural and Biological research (1983),

Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. [Chapters: 2,3,4,5,7,8,9 and 10].

2. Fowler J.; Cohen L. and Jarvis, P.: Practical Statistics for Field Biology, 2nd Edition

(1998), John Wiley and sons. [Chapters: 4,5,6,(7.1-7.6), 9(9.1-9.4), 12(12.1-12.7),

13(13.1-13.4,13.6,13.7),14(14.1-14.5,14.7),15(15.3-,15.8,15.10-15.11),16(16.9-16.13),

17(17.1-17.3,17.5,17.6,17.8)].

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Wayne W. Daniel: Biostatistics: A Foundation For analysis In Health sciences, 7th Edition

(1999), John Wiley and Sons.

2. Finney D.J.: Statistics for Biologists (1980), Chapman and Hall Ltd.

3. Hoel, P.G.: Elementary statics 3rd Edition (1971), John Wiley and sons.

4. Ross, S.M.: Introductory Statics, 2nd Edition (2005), Academic Press.

5. Bland, M.: An introduction to Medical Statistics, 3rd Edition (2006), Oxford University

Press.

6. Woodworth, G.: Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction (2004), John Wiley and sons.

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FTP-423: Fermentation Technology Lab

Credits: 0-0-3

1. Fungal and Bacterial Fermentation

2. Anaerobic fermentation (wine)

3. Fermentation for the production of primary metabolites (Citric acid)

4. Fermentation for the production of secondary metabolites (antibiotics)

5. Solid state fermentation for production of enzymes

6. Shake flask fermentation (Study of effect of agitation)

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FTP-424: MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

Credits: 0-0-4.5

1. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria from soil by serial dilution agar plating method.

2. Isolation and enumeration of actinomycetes from soil.

3. Microbiological and cultural characterization of bacteria and actinomycetes.

4. Staining of bacteria: Simple staining, negative staining, gram staining, acid fast

staining, spore staining, capsule staining.

5. To perform various biochemical tests of bacteria: Acid and gas production from

sugars, gelatin liquefaction, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, nitrate reduction,

indole production, H2S production, methyl red test, Vogues Proskauer test, citrate

utilization, catalase activity, urea activity, oxidase activity.

6. Agarose Gel electrophoresis.

7. SDS page electrophoresis.

8. To study DNA isolation and gel electrophoresis.

9. To study thin layer chromatography & paper chromatography.

10. To study the working of GLC, HPLC, NMR etc.

11. Demonstration of fluorescence, phase contrast and electron microscopy.

12. Demonstration of UV/VIS spectroscopy.

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M.Sc. (Hons.) Fermentation & Microbial Technology) (Semester-II) (Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

FTL-461: BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Credits: 3-0-0

Introduction to bio-chemical engineering: Interaction between chemical engineering, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Simple enzyme kinetics and Enzyme inhibition kinetics. Stoichiometry of cell growth. Monod's Growth kinetics, Specific growth rate, growth yield, production yield, Yg, Yo2, Yatp, Saturation constant, maintenance energy, Transient growth. Kinetics of media sterilization, Design of batch and continuous sterilization processes. Calculation of Del factor and holding time. Richard's rapid methods of design of sterilization process. Scale up of batch sterilization process. Methods of air sterilization process. Design of air filters, effects of bed depth and air velocity on filtration. Product synthesis kinetics. Growth and non growth synthesis. Open and closed system of fermentation. Mathematical model for batch fermentation. Plug flow reactor and its kinetics. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Steady state model for CSTR. Rate of biomass production in a chemostat. Books Recommended:

1. Biely, J.E. and Ollis, D.F., Bio Chemical Engineering Fundamentals (1986),

Mcgraw Hills.

2. Rehm, H.J. and Reed, G. (ed), Biotechnology, Vol 1-2, Verlag-chemie.

3. Stanbury, P.E. and Whitaker A., Principles of Fermentation Technology (1984),

Prgamon Press.

4. Pirt, S.J. Principles of Microbial and Cell Cultivation. Blackwell Scientific

Publication, London.

5. Moo-young, M. Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol. 1-4, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

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FTL-462: MICROBIAL NUTRITION AND METABOLISM

Credits: 3-0-0 Classification of micro-organisms based on their nutritional requirements. Mode and

mechanisms employed by various groups of microorganisms to derive nutrients, . Transport

across microbial membrane: Diffusion, Passive & Active Transport, Facilitated diffusion,

Group translocation, sodium-potassium pump, Biochemical energetics, redox pairs in energy

production, high energy bonds, ATP generating processes, substrate level phosphorylation,

components and arrangement of electron transport chain, reducing power.

Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, glyoxylate pathway, HM pathway,

ED pathway. Photosynthesis, Autotroph CO2 fixation, Assimilation of nitrogen and sulphur

Pathways for biosynthesis of Amino Acids, peptidoglycan, chitin.

Brief account of physiology of thermophiles, halophiles and methanogens.

Books Recommended:

1. Conn. E.E. & Stump P.K. (1988). Outline of Biochemistry John Wiley & Sons.

2. Doelle. (1981). Bacterial Metabolism, Pergamon Press.

3. Gottschalk E. (2004) Microbial Metabolism, Springer Verilag.

4. Dewal I.W. & Sutherland, I.W. 2003. Microbial Physiology.

5. Moat J.W. 2006. Microbial Physiology. 3rd edition.

.

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FTL-463: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

Credits: 3-0-0

Theory and applications of chromatographic techniques: Thin layer and column

chromatography, ion exchange and affinity chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography,

GLC/HPLC and FPLC.

Theory and application of electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acid, polyacrylamide gel

electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, pulse field gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and

immuno electrophoresis methods.

Theory and application of analytical and preparative centrifugation. Concept of continuous

and zonal rotors, analytical centrifuge.

Theory and application of spectroscopy UV, visible, infrared, NMR,MR, GC-MS

spectroscopy.

Introduction to radioisotopes and their monitoring concepts of counting efficiency and auto

radiography. Principles and applications of serodiagnostic techniques.

Books Recommended: 1. Friefelder. D. (1982) Physical Biochemistry, Application to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed. W.H. Freemen and Company, San Fransisco. 2. Griffiths, O.M. (1983). Techniques of Preparative, Zonal and Continuous Flow Ultracentrifugation. Bechman's Ultracentrifuge Manual. 3. William, B.L. and Wilson, K. (1986). A Biologist Guide to Principles and Techniques Practical Biochemistry, 3rd ed., Edward Arnold Publisher, Baltimore, Maryland (USA). 4. Slater, R.J. (1990). Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York.

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FTL-464: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETIC ENGINEERING

Credits: 4-0-0

Nucleic acids: structure of DNA, functions, replication, DNA damage and repair, isolation and sequencing. Transcription; types of RNA and their role in gene expression, Translation; components involved, t-RNA as adapter, genetic code and its salient features, gene expression; inducible and repressible operon (account of lac operon and trp operon regulation) Molecular cloning; techniques and their importance, cloning vectors; properties and uses of phage vectors,plasmids,cosmids and phasmids,cloning strategies; cloning of genomic DNA, cDNA cloning, selection and characterization of clones, gene probes, labeling. PCR: principle, types and role in molecular biology Books Recommended: 1. Friefelder, D. 1987. Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publication.

2. Friefelder, D., Maloy, S.R. and Cronana, J.E. 1994, Microbial Genetics, IInd edition,

Jones and Barlett Publishers.

3. Lewin, B. 1990. Gene V. Oxford Univ. Press.

4. Malacinski, G.M. & Friefelder, D. 1993. Essentials of Molecular Biology, IInd Edition.

Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

5. Synder, L. and Champness, W., 1997. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press.

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FTL-465: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0

Define the concept of Environment, Microenvironment and Microbial Ecology.

Distribution of microorganisms in different ecosystems: Air, Water and Soil. The

significance of cell number methods for enumerating microbes, biomass and activities, viable

cell count procedures, biochemical methods for measurement of microbial biomass.

Microbial Interactions: The concept of positive, negative and neutral interactions: Parasitism,

Predation, Neutralism, Commensalism, Amensalism, Mutualism, Synergism and

Competition.

Purification of waste waters and communal sewage by aerobic processes. Activated

sludge process, Trickling filter process, Rotating Biological Contactors, lagoon process.

Purification of waste waters and effluents by anaerobic processing. Microbiology of methane

formation.

Microbial mobilization and immobilization of carbon within the biosphere. The

nitrogen cycle: general aspects of nitrogen cycling. Ammonification and ammonia

assimilation, nitrification, nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation. The phosphorus cycle.

Books Recommended: 1. Microbial Ecology Fundamentals and applications, Atlas. R.M. and Bartha, M. (1981).

Addison-Wesley, Philippines.

2. Principles of Microbial Ecology: Brock, T.D. (1966). Prentice hall, USA.

3. Environmental Microbiology, Grant, W.D. and Long P.E. (1981). Blackie, London.

4 Microbial Ecology, Campbell, R. (1977). Blackwell Scientific, London.

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FTP-473: TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMICAL

ENGINEERING

Credits: 0-0-3

1. To measure the DNA content in a given sample.

2. Isolation of genomic DNA and plasmid DNA of microorganisms by mini prep

protocol.

3. Microbial growth kinetic studies.

4. Effect of different temperature on yeast growth.

5. Effect of aeration on growth kinetics of yeast.

6. To study the diauxic growth.

7. To study the product synthesis kinetics.

8. To study substrate consumption rate.

9. Demonstration of electrophoresis.

10. Demonstration of immobilization techniques.

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FTP-474: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY LAB

Credits: 0-0-3

1. Isolation and Enumeration of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes from different

ecosystems.

2. Isolation of N2 fixing bacteria, Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria.

3. To isolate different organisms such as:

a. Psychrophiles b. Mesophiles c. Thermophiles d. Halophilic microorganisms from different sources.

4. To isolate xenobiotic degrading microorganisms

5. To study the effect of physiological parameters on growth. Viz. Effects of Carbon,

Nitrogen, pH, sugar, temperature and NaCl concentration on microbial growth

6. To study the diauxic growth.

7. Calculation of generation time and growth rate of bacterial culture.

8. To study enzyme kinetics

M.Sc. (Hons.) Fermentation & Microbial Technology) (Semester-III)

(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

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FTL-503: ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

Credit: 3-0-0 Microbial biodiversity and its importance in industrial microbiology, methods of isolation. High Throughput Screening (HTS) of microbes and metagenomic libraries for industrially important enzymes, Bio-molecules (anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory antimicrobial compounds, etc); raw materials of industrial importance. Continuous and fed batch cultures. Strain development by mutagenesis, protoplast fusion and transformation. Methods for cloning the genes. System biology (genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, fluxome) in strain improvement. Important microbial products and technology for production of bioethanol from cellulosic waste, Single cell oil, polysaccharides (xanthan), fermentation of pharmaceutical molecules lovastatin, β carotene, production of recombinant proteins (Hepatitis vaccines, insulin, interferons). Industrially important biotransformation, Immobilization of whole cells and enzymes, protein engineering, metabolic engineering, Intellectual property rights (IPR) and patents laws governing in Indian patents related to microbial products and processes. Books Recommended: 1. Manual Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (eds) A.L. Demain and Solomon, N.

A. (1986). ASM, Washington. D.C.

2. Principles of Fermentation Technology Stansbury and Whittaker Pergamon Press.

3. Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Application (eds) Y. Murroka,

T. Imanuka (1994) Marcel Dekker Inc.

4. Biotechnology 2nd Edition W. Crueger and A. Crueger. (1992) Panima Publishers.

5. Microbial Technology. Vol. I and II Eds. Peppler and Perlman, (1979) Academic Press.

6. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. III and IV Ed. Moo Young (1984) Pergamon Press.

7. Recent Review and Research Articles from Scientific Journals.

8. Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. Waites, M.J., Morgan, N., Rockey, J.S., and

Higton, G. (2001). Blackwell Publishing.

9. Proteomoics Ad Potein Protein Imteractions: Biology, Chemistry, Bioinfomatics and

Drug Design. Waksman, (2006).



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FTL-502: Environmental Biotechnology Credit: 3-0-0 Purification of waste water by aerobic processes, Communal sewage and industrial effluents, Aims and limitations of aerobic bioprocessing. Activated sludge process. Trickling filter process, lagoon process. Purification of effluents by anaerobic processing. Biology of methane formation.

Microbiology of cellulose degradation, Enzymatic aspects of cellulolysis. Potential application of Microbial cellulases. Microbiology of lignin degradation ,white-rot, brown-rot, and soft-rot type fungal attack in ligninolysis. Enzymology of lignin degradation and their biotechnological applications. Brief account of microbial degradation of pectin and hemicellulose with their potential applications.

The concept of Bioremediation efficacy testing approaches to bioremediation: Environmental modifications for Bioremediation, Microbial seeding and Bioengineering Approaches to the bioremediation of pollutants. Gaseous and Heavy metal air pollutants, Microbes as sources of Atmospheric pollutants, microbes as sinks for Bioscrubbers and biofilters.

Microbial Insecticides: Bacillus thruingensis. The concept of endotoxins and cry genes, B. thruingensis as a present day bioinsecticide. (Bacillus sphaericus) B. popilliae) and Baculoviouses. Biology of baculoviruses, Baculoviruses as Insecticides and their future potential. Bacterial leaching from ores, microorganisms associated with recovery of copper by direct and indirect leaching, uranium leaching. Books Recommended: 1. Atlas. R.M. and Bartha, M (1981). Microbial Ecology Fundamentals and Applications,

Addision-Wesley, Philipines.

2. Campbel, R. (1977). Microbial Ecology, Balckwell Scienctific, London.

3. Grant, W.D. and Long, P.E. (1981). Environmental Microbiology, Balckie, London.

4. Bioreactors in Biotechnology: A Practical Approach (1991). Scragg. A.H., Ellis Horwood

Ltd.17



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FTL-511: MALTING, BREWING AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

Credit: 3-0-0 Introduction: Brief Enzyme Overview, Classification & Nomenclature, General Characteristics. Kinetics of single substrate enzyme-catalysed reactions: Michaelis Menton Equation, Briggs-Haldane modification, Lineweaver-Burk plot, Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes plot. Km and Vmax, Inhibitors of Enzymatic Activity – Irreversible, Reversible, Competitive, Noncompetitive, Uncompetitive, substrate and allosteric inhibitors. Enzyme stability and activity - Effect of pH, temperature, water activity, freezing, ionic strength. Storage & Handling, Analysis and composition of barley & malt sampling physical analysis, chemical, biochemical analysis, germination test, Suitability of different cereals for malting. Principles & technology for malting. Physiological and enzymatic transformations caused by malting. Brewing process and defects of beer.

Application of enzyme in food industries: enzymes in milk and cheese industry, baking industry, alcoholic beverages (wine and beer) and fruit juices, starch and sugar industries. Application of enzymes in drug industries: antibiotic and steroid production, enzyme therapy, enzymes in biosensors. Thermozymes, their mechanism of thermo stability and uses. Hybrid enzymes, Ribozymes and their uses. Recommended Books:

1. Palmer, T. and Philip, L. Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical

Chemistry Published by Horwood Publishing Group, Chichester, 2007.

2. Price, N. C. and Stevens, L., Fundamentals of Enzymology. The Cell and Molecular

Biology of Catalytic Proteins. 3rd edition. Published by Oxford University Press,

1999.

3. Pandey, A. Webb, C., Soccol C. R. and Larroche, C. Enzyme Technology. Published

by Asiatech Publishers, INC. New Delhi, 2004.

4. Tucker, G.A. and Taybor, A.J., Enzymes in Food Processing. Springer Publisher,

1995.

5. Moll, M. (1999), Brewing Science, Vol. I.

6. Reed Gerald, Enzymes in Food Processing. Academic Press Inc; 2nd Edition, 2005.



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CSL 591-COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Credit: 3-0-0 Course Contents

1. Computer Basics: Course introduction, MS Windows basics, UNIX basics, File Management, E-mail (PINE, EUDORA, Internet mail), File Transfer (ftp, WSftp).

2. Computer Peripherals and Hardware Description: Computer architecture, organization, Recognition and structure of different components of a computer system and their respective usage, I/O and storage devices with data communication and introduction of internet.

3. Office Applications: MS Office 2000/XP including MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint.

4. The Virtual Library: Searching MEDLINE on the Pubmed system from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, Accessing full text journals on the internet, and printing articles.

5. Some Useful Sites on the Internet: Databases (gene bank) and search tools and softwares at : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Restriction enzyme site digestion Webcutter 2.0 at : http://www.firstmarket.com/cutter/cut2.html Image analysis program : http://www.firstmarket.com/cutter/cut2.html Image analysis program : http://www.scioncorp.com PCR and Multiplex PCR : Guide and Troubleshooting Guide : http:///www.info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/PCR.html A Collection of WWW Links to Information and Services Useful to Molecular Biologists http://www.public.iastate.edu/~pedro/research.tools.html http:///restools.sdsc.edu/ http://www.yk.rim.or.ip/~aisoai/tool.html



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MTL 261- BIOSTATISTICS Credit: 3-1-0 Note: The scope of this paper is restricted only to the applications of various statistical techniques. The mathematical derivations of various results are excluded. Statistical Method: Collection of data. Frequency distribution and its graphical representation. Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis moments. (12 Lectures) Correlation and Regression: Relationship between variables, covariance, Karl-Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, interpretation of correlation coefficients. Least square technique for regression lines (without proof), regression coefficients, relationship between correlation analysis and regression analysis. (07 Lectures) Probability: Mathematical definition of probability of an event. Use of permutations and combinations in calculations of probability, Conditional probability. Additive and multiplication law of probability, random variables and its pmf, pdf, cdf, mathematical expectation and variances. Theoretical Distribution of binomial, poison and normal Properties of these distributions (Applications only). (08 Lectures) Hypothesis Testing: Sample population statistics and parameters, null hypothesis, level of significance. Definitions of Chi-square test, ‘t’ and ‘f’ varieties and their Pdf 3 only, Application of these distributions in testing of hypothesis. (10 Lectures) Analysis of Variance: Meaning of analysis variance with linear models. Analysis of variance for one-way classified data, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with one observations for cell, analysis of variance for two-way classified data with multiple but equal number of observations per cell (data analysis only). (08 Lectures)



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Test Books: 1. Raghavarao, D.: Statistical Techniques in Agricultural and Biological Research (1983),

Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. [Chapters: 2,3,4,5,7,8,9 and 10].

2. Fowler J.; Cohen L. and Jarvis, P.: Practical Statistics for Field Biology, 2nd Edition

(1998), John Wiley and Sons. [Chapters: 4,5,6,(7.1-7.6), 9(9.1-9.4), 12(12.1-12.7),

13(13.1-13.4, 13.6, 13.7), 14(14.1-14.5,14.7), 15(15.3-,15.8,15.10-15.11),16(16.9-

16.13),17(17.1-17.3, 17.5, 17.6,17.8)].

Reference Books:

1. Wayne W. Daniel: Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in Health Sciences,

7th Edition (1999), John Wiley and Sons.

2. Finney D.J.: Statistics for Biologists (1980), Chapman and Hall Ltd.

3. Hoel, P.G.: Elementary Statics 3rd Edition (1971), John Wiley and Sons.

4. Ross, S.M.: Introductory Statics, 2nd Edition (2005), Academic Press.

5. Bland, M.: An Introduction to Medical Statistics, 3rd Edition (2006), Oxford University

Press.

6. Woodworth, G.: Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction (2004), John Wiley and Sons.



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FTP-523: INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB

Credit: 0-0-4.5 1. Microbial biodiversity of different ecosystems.

2. To study the effect of different sugar and NaCl concentration on yeast growth.

3. Effect of different temperatures on yeast growth.

4. Isolation of N2 fixing bacteria. Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria.

5. Soil Enrichment Technique.

6. Isolation of cellulase producing fungi.

7. Differentiation of white-rot and brown-rot fungi.

8. To study the BOD & COD levels of different water systems.

9. Bacteriological analysis of water by presumptive, confirmatory and completed tests.

10. Screening industrially important microorganisms from soils, food processing wastes,

animal droppings.

11. To evaluate the production of alcohol from molasses & lignocellulosics.

12. Microbial biomass production (fungi/bacteria/yeast) batch and continuous culture.

13. To compare production of citric acid using sucrose and molasses as carbon source.

14. Production of lactic acid using cheese whey as substrate.

15. Production of extracellular enzymes (pectinase and xylanase) by thermophilic and

mesophilic fungal culture.

16. To isolate rare genera of microorganisms for novel antibiotic production, and to

evaluate the potential of different media for antibiotic production.

17. To study the protoplasting and regeneration in fungi.

18. Isolation of fungi genomic DNA and plasmid DNA by mini prep protocol.

19. To study the role of plasmid in degradation of xenobiotic compounds and curing of

plasmid.

20. PCR amplification of DNA from natural sources.

21. Purification of xylanase/ any extracellular enzyme by Ion exchange/gel filtration

chromatography and SDS-PAGE to ascertain the purity of the protein.

M.Sc. (Hons.) Fermentation & Microbial Technology) (Semester-IV)


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FTL 551-Recent Advance in Fermentation Technology Credit: 4-0-0 The syllabus for this paper will consist of current research. Every year the course specific scientific article will be selected from leading Journals, reviews and books.



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FTL-552 Microbial Enzymes Credit 4-0-0 Fundamentals of Enzymology: Nature of enzymes-Structural and functional aspects Physiological significance of enzymes, classification and nomenclature importance of the study of enzymes. Enzyme kinetics: Rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions, rate laws and rate contents Michelis Meton`s hypothesis , significance and determination of Km and Vmax, enzyme inhibition-revisable and irreversible inhibition, competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition, effect of physic chemical factors on enzyme activity . History and scientific basis of commercial exploitation Microbiology enzyme: Introduction and history of industrially important micro enzyme, biochemistry and physiology of microbial enzyme procedure mechanism, regulation of enzyme synthesis, location and secret of enzymes. Detailed study of some commercially important microbial enzyme. Introduction, occurencs, mechanism of action, methods of industrial production and applications of amylases, proteinases, cellulases, pactinases, glucose exidase, glucose dehydrogenase glucose isomerase, B gel actosidase, and invertases. Introduction cell disruption, precipitation, solid/liquid separation, chromatographic techniques and drying. Immobilization of Microbial enzymes: Introduction, development of immobilization techniques, examples of Immobilization of Microbial enzymes useful in food system and biotechnology, Immobilization enzymes reactions. Current status and future prospects for the commercial exploitation of Microbial enzymes: Exploitation of microbial enzymes in food system and biotechnology, increasing yield of extracellular enzymes- strain selection environmental control, genetic regulation controls, genetic recombination and gene amplification techniques. Books Recommended: 1. Carr, P.W. and L.D. 1986, Immobilization Enzymes in Analytical and Clinical Chemistry

John Wiley and Sons, New York. 2. Lehniniger A, 1978. Biochemistry, Worht Publication U.S.A. Propoler, H.J. and Periman,

D. 1979, Microbial Technology. Vol. 1, Microbial Processes, Academic Press. 3. Perman, D. 1979. Advance in Applied Microbiology, Vol. 25, Academic Press. 4. Ramachandran, K.B. 1985. Fundamentals of Biochemical, Engineering Vol. 1 & II, BEC,

I New Delhi. 5. Rose, A.H. 1980. Mircobial Enzymes and Bioconversions. Economic Microbiology,

Vol.15, Academic Press. 6. Smith, J.E. Berry, D.R. and Kristansan, B 1983. Filament Fungi Vol. IV, Fungal

Technology. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Limited.



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FTL-553 Assignment/Case Study/Review/Survey Credit: 4-0-0 Syllabus shall be based on novel scientific assignment

Complete case study up to conclusion (relevant scientific information based)

Review based on international indexed journal

Survey based on comprehensive information of novel scientific topics



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FTP-571 Field Study or Industrial Tour Credit: 0-0-2 Syllabus shall be based on comprehensive, exhaustive scientific knowledge based information input submission of field study or Industry scientifically based inputs.



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FTP 572-Laboratory Course in Microbial Enzymes Credit: 0-0-4.5

1) Production of enzymes by submerged culture and Solid state fermentation.

2) Enzyme assays based on natural and synthetic substrates.

3) Purification of enzymes

i) Ultrafiltration

ii) Ion Exchange Chromatography

iii) Gel Filteration

iv) Hydrophobic interaction chromatography

4) SDS PAGE and Gel filtration for determining the molecular weight and purity of

protein.

5) Iso electric focusing of the purified protein for determining the pI of purified enzyme.

6) Zymogram for localization of the enzyme activity using PAGE.

7) Profiling of enzyme activity in IEF gels.

8) Characterization of purified enzyme for optimal pH, temperature, thermostability,

effect of metal ions, substrate specificity.

9) Enzyme kinetics determining the Km and Vmax values.

10) 2 DE for proteome based analysis of enzymes.



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FTL581: Fundamentals of Medical Microbiology & Immunology (Elective) Credit: 3-1-0 History of medical microbiology. Microorganisms and Diseases: Host Microbial Interaction governing the Infection. Normal microbial residents of human body, characteristics of normal flora, distribution and occurrence of normal flora ; skin, respiratory tract, Sources and transmission of infection, Reservoirs of infection. Human sources, animal sources and inanimate sources, food and water borne infections. Antigen-antibody interactions, affinity and avidity, immunoglobulins, classes complement fixing antibodies and complement cascade. Types of immunity: innate and acquired. Features of immune response: memory, specificity and recognition of self and non-self. Recognition of antigens by T-cell and role of MHC, structure of T-cell antigen receptors, TCR, BCR Books Recommended: 1. Janeway CA, Trevors P, Walport M, Schlomhick M (2001), Immuno biology. The

Immune System in Health and Disease, 5th Edition, Garland Publication, USA.

2. Kuby, J. (1992), Immunology, W.H. Freeema,USA.

3. Medical Microbiology by C.G.A. Thomas, 1988. Bailion Tindall, London.

4. Medical Microbiology by Mims, Playfiar, Roitt, Wakelin and Williams, 1993, Mosby-

year Book Europe Ltd., U.K.

5. Microbiology: Concepts and Applications by Pelczar, Chan and Krieg, 1993. Mc Graw

Hill, Inc., U.S.A.

6. Microbiology: A Human Perspective by Nester, E.W. Roberts C.E., Nester, M.T. 1995.

WM. C. Brown Communication Inc. U.S.A.

7. Medical Microbiology, 4th Edu., S. Baron NCBI/ 2004.



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FTL 583-Concepts in Microbial Genetics (Elective) Credit 3-1-0 Bacterial genetics, conjugation, transformation and transduction, Bacterial plasmids;

replication and incompatibility, fertility factors, Resistance factor.

Eukaryotic genome and its organization in chromosomes, nucleosomes, eukaryotic

transcription and nuclear splicing, ribozymes.

Mutagenesis, types of mutants and mutagenic agents, role of mutants in microbial and

molecular genetics, genetic analysis and gene mapping, complementation, Reversion and

suppression.

Molecular mechanism of recombination, proteins involved in recombination, Transposons;

types and mechanism of transposition, retroposons.

Books Recommended: 1. Friefelder, D., Maloy, S.R. and Cronan, J.E. 1994. Microbial Genetics, IInd Edition, Jones

and Barlett Publishers.

2. Genes IX, Lewin, Benjamin 2007, CBS Publishers and Distributors

3. Malacinski, G.M. & Friefelder, D. 1993. Essentials of Molecular Biology, IInd Edition,

Jones and Bartleet Publishers.

4. Synder, L. and Champness W. 1997. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press.

5. Stent G.S. & Calender, R. 1986. Molecular Genetics, 2nd Edition, CDS Publishers.

faculty of life sciences - guru nanak dev universitygndu.ac.in/syllabus/201415/life/msc hons...

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