False ceilingBUILDING CONSTRUCTION –IVSEM – IV YEAR – II

033 MANSI PRAJAPATI - WOOD034 SACHI MANVAR - POP035 VIREN MARAKANA - GYPSUM036 AAYUSH MISTRY - GRID FALSE CEILING

ITM-SAAD VADODARA

What is FALSE CEILING?A dropped ceiling is a secondary ceiling, hung below the main

(structural) ceiling. They may also be referred to as a drop ceiling, false ceiling, or

suspended ceiling, and are a staple of modern construction and architecture.

HISTORY OF FALSE CEILINGDropped ceilings and ceiling tiles were being used in Japan for aesthetic

reasons as early as the Muromachi Period (1337 to 1573)Initially modern dropped ceilings were built using interlocking tiles and

the only way to provide access for repair or inspection of the area above the tiles was by starting at the edge of the ceiling, or at a designated "key tile", and then removing contiguous tiles one at a time until the desired place of access was reached.

Once the repair or inspection was completed, the tiles had to be reinstalled. This process could be very time-consuming and expensive.

On September 8, 1958 Donald A. Brown of Westlake, Ohio filed for a patent for Accessible Suspended Ceiling Construction. This invention provided suspended ceiling construction in which access may readily be obtained at any desired location.

INTRODUCTION

01

Types of false ceiling (based on material)

wooden ceilings

Gypsum ceilings

Thermocol ceilings

Armstrong ceiling

PVC ceiling

etc

Advantages of false ceiling: A ceiling helps cool the room. When the height of the room is too

much, providing a ceiling helps to reduce the height.

"Reducing the height also helps in reducing the capacity of the air-conditioner ,covering the upper area also has the multiple advantages such concealing the wiring, lighting fixtures, air-conditioning ducts, security cameras, and other fixtures.

The ceiling also acts as an attractive base for all kinds of decorative electric lights and fans. These apart, a ceiling helps eliminate echo in the room. In bathroom, ceilings can be provided to hide the pipes or any other fittings above. 02

ADVANTAGES

Disadvantages of false ceiling:One disadvantage with this ceiling system is reduced headroom. Clearance is

required between the grid and any pipes or ductwork above to install the ceiling tiles and light fixtures. In general, a minimum clearance of 100 to 200 millimetres (4 to 8 in) is often needed between the lowest obstruction and the level of the ceiling grid.

A direct-mount grid may work for those who want the convenience of a dropped ceiling, but have limited headroom. Stretch ceiling supports require less than one inch of vertical space, and no space is required for tiles to be lifted out with a stretch ceiling, but a greater clearance space may be chosen to allow room for MEC or for aesthetic reasons.

Dropped ceilings generally conceal many of the functional and structural elements of a building, creating an aesthetic paradigm that discourages the use of functional building systems as aesthetic design elements.

Concealing these elements makes the complexity of today's advanced building technologies more difficult to appreciate. It is also more difficult to perform maintenance on or diagnose problems with the concealed systems.

As a renovation tool, dropped ceilings are a quick and inexpensive way to repair a ceiling or reduce HVAC costs. Some materials may show their age quickly— for example, mineral fiber sags, is damaged easily when handled, and stains easily, but stretch ceiling, tin and vinyl do not have these characteristics.

DISADVANTAGES

03

Wooden false ceilingIntroduction IT IS USED BOTH FOR PROVIDING ROOFING AND FOR AESTHETICAL

PURPOSE IN A BUILDING. IT CAN BE USED BOTH FOR DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL PURPOSE.

Types of wooden false ceiling:-• Drop ceiling• Ceiling tiles Laying method of suspended ceiling• Plank ceiling(tongue and groove)• Coffered ceiling• Suspended ceiling

Suspended ceilingA non structural ceiling suspended below the overhead structural slab or from the structural

elements of a building andnot bearing onto the walls is known as suspended ceiling. 04

WOOD

• Drop ceilingA drop ceiling has two parts: drop

panels and a suspended metal grid, which hangs below an existing ceiling.

Laying method

• Ceiling tilesCeiling tiles are standard 12" x 12" or

16" x 16" squares that are attached to an existing ceiling with easy-to-install tracks and clips, nails, or glue.

Laying method

WOOD

05

• Plank ceiling(tongue and groove)

Tongue and groove ceilings look like real wood and can be attached directly to an existing ceiling or inserted into a suspended grid system.

Laying method

• Coffered ceilingCoffered ceilings are formed with

recessed panels surrounded by dropped beams that create a grid pattern. It's a classic ceiling design from Greek and Roman architecture

Laying method

WOOD

06

Name Rates

A.C.P SHEET 3mm – 58 rupee sq.ft4mm – 61 rupee sq.ft

PLY WOOD 13mm – 150 rupee sq.ft

M.D.F 6mm – 21 rupee sq.ft

BLOCK BOARD

71 rupee sq.ft

VEENER 69 rupee sq.ft

LAMINATES 37 rupee sq.ft

ESPESTO SHHET

48 rupee sq.ft

SAAG WOOD

2200 rupee cubic feet

Name Rates

PARTICAL BOARD 26 rupee sq.ft

Laser cutting 1min 15 rupee for all wood false ceiling cutting

WOOD

07

WOOD MOLDINGSWood moulding, also known as wood molding or trim, is used as

an enhancing accent in a home. Before the 19th century, the presence of wood moulding in one’s

home was a symbol of wealth and taste. Nowadays, wood moulding is frequently used to conceal the

seam where a window or door converges with the wall or to draw attention to the transition from the floor or the ceiling to the wall.

Wood moulding is also used to cover the seam where two pieces of panelling come together or as a chair rail to protect the walls of your dining room.

Crown MouldingChair RailBaseboardCasting

WOOD

08

WOOD

09

•FALSE CEILING OF POP• BASIC HISTORY OF POP:-• First used in the 1700s due to large quarry deposits of

gypsum located in Montmartre, a district of Paris, which was a leading center of plaster.

• It is a mixture of calcined gypsum (calcium sulfate dehydrate), sand and water.

• When these ingredients are mixed together and the subsequent paste is allowed to dry, it hardens and forms a tough coating.

• As tough as plaster of Paris is when dry, it is still soft enough to be sanded and carved.

• Artists use plaster of Paris to create sculpture surface.• The Greeks and romans used plaster to create replicas of

their more famous artwork.• The use of finely ground gypsum plaster to create decorative

molding was popular during the 18th and 19th centuries.• Painting in fresco on a thin layer of wet plaster of Paris.

• Compositions of POP• POP simply means plaster of Paris a type of ceiling that originated from France.

• Use of a white powder (calcium trioxo carbonate) for molding the ceiling into any form and pattern.

• Finishing methods of pop• Usually finished with application of paints.

• White paints are the most predominant choice when pop ceilings are used.

• Advantages :-• Best known for the aesthetic appeal and flexibility with recesses and different levels.

Method for fixing the POP false ceiling• Step 1:-• FIXING THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTLY TO THE BEAMS OR

PLATER CEILING.• Fixing a aluminum or wooden framework to act as

supporting structure directly to the existing ceiling or roofing beams.

• Wooden supports with a spacing of 40 cm.• The panels are then screwed to the wooden

framework.

• Step 2:-• Fixing a suspended framework to a plasterd ceiling.• Screw the supports to the existing ceiling using screws and plugs. • Fix the supports at the same height.

• Step 3:-• Fixing vertical struts to the supports • Decide on the height of the new ceiling.• Measure the desired height from the floor and make it off the 4

corners.• Fix the struts with a spacing of 60 cm.

• Step 4:-• Fixing the wall supports and framework members.

• Step 5:-• Apply the insulation• The insulations panels are then fitted over the framework members.

• Step 6:-• Fix the first row of ceiling panels• Screw the first ceiling panel to the left side against the

wall, using 25 mm plasterboard screws with a spacing between srews of 20 cm.

• An 8 mm expansion gap between the panel and wall.• This gap is later covered with a finishing strip.

• Step 7:-• Cutting panels to length.• at the end of the row,• Measure the required • Length and mark this• Off

• Step 8:-• Finishing the joints.• Make sure the joints are clean and dust free.• Fill the gap with grouting paste and a putty

knife.• Drying for 24 hours, apply the second layer if

necessary and sand smooth after drying.• .

• Step 9:-• Edging profile.• For a neat finish in the corners, cut the ends of the finishing

strips at 45 degree.

• Companies of POP sheets:-• 1. GYPROC FALSE CEILINGS• 2.MADA• 3.CERELEX• 4.GYPSUM INDIA• 5.UMAN• COST OF POP PER SQ FEET IN VADODARA – 1 Rs.• About POP sheets……• Thickness- 10, 12, 14 MM• Sizes-• 6*4 feet (cost 380 Rs. – gyproc company)• 2*3 feet• Suspension materials:-• Alumium and galvanized iron or wood.

*Now a days , gypsum tiles of 600*600 mm along with the pop sheets.*The grid is already made of the tile size and it is fixed upon it.

GYPSUM

RATES•20 RS PER Sq. FEET•15 RS FITTING CHARGE PER Sq.FEET WITH CHANNEL COST•35 TO 40 RS WITH FITTING AND MATERIAL

COMPOSITION•Gypsum rock when heated to 100-190°C looses ¾ of its water.• CaSO4.2H2O → CaSO4.½H2O + 3/2 H2O• Plaster of Paris•This is low burning process and named as INCOMPLETE CALCINATION.

•When calcination is carried out at temperatures above 190°C all water is removed.•CaSO4.2H2O → CaSO4 + 2H2O• gypsum anhydrite•This is high-burning process & COMPLETE CALCINATION•Both of these products form gypsum rock by recombining with water.

•CaSO4.½H2O + 3/2H2O → CaSO4.2H2O•CaSO4 + 2H2O → CaSO4.2H2O

•Calcination process is carried out in two types of kilns.•Kettle Kilns•Rotary Kilns

•To produce gypsum board, calcined gypsum is mixed with water and additives to form a slurry which is fed between continuous layers of paper on a board machine. •As the board moves down a conveyer line, the calcium sulfate recrystallizes or rehydrates, reverting to its original rock state. •The paper becomes chemically and mechanically bonded to the core.•The board is then cut to length and conveyed through dryers to remove any free moisture.•Gypsum manufacturers also rely increasingly on “synthetic” gypsum as an effective alternative to natural gypsum ore.

MAKING GYPSUM BOARD

OTHER USES OF GYPSUM

GYPSUM CAN INDEED ALSO:• BE ADDED TO SOME BREAD AND DOUGH MIXES AS A CALCIUM SOURCE AND BAKING AID.• BE USED AS A FILLER AND FIRE RETARDANT IN PLASTIC PRODUCTS.• BE USED IN PORTLAND CEMENT AND SPECIAL CEMENT PRODUCTS FOR SET AND EXPANSION

CONTROL.• BE A SOURCE OF CALCIUM AND SULPHATE SULPHUR FOR PLANT GROWTH.• BE USED AS A MODELLING MATERIAL FOR TOOTH RESTORATIONS. • BE AN INGREDIENT IN MANY PATCHING COMPOUNDS.• BE USED WITH GLASS TO FABRICATE LARGE, LIGHTWEIGHT ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIONS.• BE USED AS A MOULD MATERIAL TO FABRICATE CUSTOM BODY PARTS FOR TRUCKS AND

AUTOMOBILES.• BE AN AID IN JUICE EXTRACTION OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

• RATES• 20 RS PER Sq. FEET• 15 RS FITTING CHARGE PER Sq.FEET WITH CHANNEL COST

• 35 TO 40 RS WITH FITTING AND MATERIAL

MARKET SURVEY

• COMPANY

• SUMERU TRADELINK PVT. LTD., AHMEDABAD• SHALIMAR INTERIORS, NEW DELHI• SAMAR GROUP, INDORE

• SIZE• 3’ X 6’

• FEBRIC TAP• FEBRIC TAP USE FOR TWO BOARD JOIN

• MATERIAL SUSPENTION • L – SHAPE CHANNEL • C – SHAPE CHANNEL• PATTI CHANNEL• SCREW• WALL FAST BOLT

COMPARISON OF P.O.P & GYPSUM CEILLING

• P.O.P 1. P.OP BOARD SIZE 2’ X 3’2. MORE JOINT 3. LESSER ON COST4. REQUIRES MORE CHANNEL5. PRICE OF Sq. FEET IS 30 TO 35

RS.6. HEAVIER THAN GYPSUM7. SHORTER LIFE SPAM 8. POSSIBLILITY OF CRAKE IS MORE9. CUTTING IS HARD THAN GYPSUM10. HAS LESS STRENGTH THAN

GYPSUM

• GYPSUM1. GYSPUM BOARD SIZE 3’ X 6’ 2. LESSER JOINT THAN P.O.P CEILLING3. COSTLIER INSTOLATION THAN P.O.P4. LESS CHANNEL THAN P.O.P5. PRICE OF ONE Sq. FEET IS 35 TO 40

RS.6. LIGHTER THAN P.O.P7. LONG LASTING THAN P.O.P8. POSSIBILITY OF CRAKES IS LESS9. CUTTING EASIER THAN P.O.P10. HAS MORE STRENGTH THAN P.O.P

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