Q 1 What is specific gravity? Ans : Specific gravity or relative density is the ratio of density of the object to the density of water. It is used to measure liquid density

Q 2 What is the relation between Sp. Gravity and API gravity? Ans: Heavier hydrocarbons will have higher specific gravity and low API gravity.

Q 3 How do you calculate API Gravity? Ans : API gravity = 141.5 - 131.5 Sp. Gravity

Q 4 How do you convert Sp. Gravity ( 0.8020 ) to API gravity ? Ans : API == 141.5 - 131.5 = 44.993 0.8020

Q 5 How do you calculate Sp.gravity of a crude oil at a given API 45 ? Ans : 141.5 = 0.8017 131.5 + 45

Q 6 What is density? Ans : Density is mass per unit volume Mass . Volume

Q 7 Why do we treat lower API gravity crude to meet product specification? Ans :Lower API crude requires treatment in high temperature and longer retention time to meet proper oil product specification.

Q 8 What is heat ? Ans. It is an energy associated with the motion of molecules in a substance.

Q 9 What is the basic principle of heat transfer ? Ans. Heat transfer is the transfer of heat from hot place to cold place.

Q 10 What is temperature? Ans. It is a measure of how hot something is.

Q 11 What are the four types of devices commonly used to measure temperature? Ans 1. Mercury thermometer 2. Filled system temperature indicator

3. Bimetallic thermometer, Thermocouple4. Resistance temperature detector RTD

Q 12 How do you convert 108 degrees F to degrees C. Ans . 108 - 32 == 42.2 degrees F 1.8

C = (F – 32)/1.8Q 13 How do you convert 210 Degrees C to Degrees F. Ans : 210 X 1.8 + 32 = 410 Degrees F

Q 14 How do you convert - 10 Degrees F into Degrees C -10 -- 32 == -- 23.3

___________________________________________________________________________________

1.8

Q 15 What is a sensible heat ? Ans . Sensible heat is the heat required to cause a change in temperature.

Q 16 What is latent heat ? Ans. Latent heat is the amount of heat required to cause a phase transformation from one state to another at a particular temperature.

Q 17 How is gas volume is calculated? Ans : Gas volume is normally calculated at standard temperature ( 60 oF) X Standard pressure 14.7 Psi.

Q 18 What is a boiling point? Ans : It is a temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor state

Q 19 What is the effect of boiling point in relation with pressure? Ans : Boiling point increases at high pressure and decreases at low pressure.

Q 20 What happens to vapor pressure when it reaches to boiling point? Ans : At boiling point vapor pressure of a liquid equalizes to the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere.

Q 21 Draw a simple sketch of a Shell and tube heat exchanger. Identify the following main parts Ans. 1. Shell, 2. Baffles 3. Tube 4. Tube sheet, 5 Tube head

Q 22 Draw a simple sketch of a 'U' Tube kettle reboiler and identify the following major prats. Answer 1.Steam inlet, 2. Vapor outlet 3. Condensate outlet, 4. Crude oil 5. Hot oil

Q 23 What is a vapor pressure? Ans. When molecules start to leave the liquid as vapor, it will create vapor Pressure

Q 24 What happens to the temperature, pressure and volume of gas when it is Compressed ? Ans. When gas is compressed the pressure and temperature will increase and volume decreases.

Q 25 What is vaporization? Ans. It is a quick change from the state of liquid to gas (vapor) due to boiling.

Q 26 What are the four process variables ? Ans : Four process variables are Temperature, Pressure, Flow and Level.

Q 27 What is level ? Ans : Level is a measure of how much liquid is contained in a tank or vessel.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 28 What is flow rate ? Ans: It is a measure of the amount of fluid that moves past a point in a certain time .Q 29 What is an atom ? Ans. An atom is the smallest part of an element.

Q 30 What does an atom consists of ? An atom consists of Electrons, Protons and Neutrons.

Q 31 What is a flash point Ans. Flash point is the temperature at which a Petroleum product ignites momentarily but does not burn continuously

Q 32 What is an equilibrium condition? Ans. A condition at which no more gas evolves ( liberated) from the oil & no more liquid condenses from the gas

Q 33 What is a compound ? Ans. A compound is a new product by the bonding two or more elements by chemical reaction having new physical properties.

Q 34 Give two examples of compounds? Ans : H2O, CO2

Q 35 What is the specific gravity of fresh water? Ans : Specific gravity of water is considered as 1. ( One )

Q 36 What is an inert gas? Ans: An inert gas is that which do not react chemically or non-flammable.

Q 37 Give two examples of Inert gases? Ans : Nitrogen and Carbon dioxide.

Q 38 What does molecule contain? Ans : Molecule contains two or more atoms from the same kind by chemically bonded together.

Q 39 Give examples molecules . Ans : O2, N2 , H2

Q 40 What is the purpose of a hazardous area classification drawing? Ans : Hazardous areas are classified as Zone 0 ( Class 0) , Zone 1 ( Class 1) Zone 2 (Class 2).

Q 41 Give examples of Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2 Ans : Zone 0 = Always air fuel mixture is continuously present . Ex. Tank vents, Sump vents, Drains etc. Zone 1 = Air fuel mixture is present during normal operations Ex Pipe line flanges, Inlet manifold areas. (Flange joints are the weaker areas in a process system that may cause leak during abnormal (Operation).

___________________________________________________________________________________

Zone 2 = Air fuel mixture is may present during abnormal operations. Ex welded pipelines where there are no flange joints. This area reduce the chances of leaks. Flare lines, Welded hydrocarbon pipelines where there is no flanges.

Q 42 What is LEL & UEL. Explain ? Ans : LEL is lower explosive limit - Minimum lower limit of gas and air mixture concentrations which will form an explosive mixture . UEL Upper explosive limit - The limit at which air / gas explosive Mixture present.

Q 43 What is a fire triangle? Ans : A fire triangle combines Air, Fuel and Heat to form a fire.

Q 44 What is a natural gas? Ans. Natural gas is produced from organic compounds or hydrocarbons during the process of crude oil / gas production operations from an oil reservoir.

Q 45 Why do we consider methane is the lightest gas ? Ans : Methane has only one carbon atom.

Q 46 What is a sedimentary rock ? Ans : Throughout millions of years sediments are formed by the weight increasing on the layers which has been accumulated to a new bed called Sedimentary rock. Oil and natural gas are found in sedimentary rocks.

Q 47 What is RVP ? Ans : Reid Vapor Pressure. The pressure caused by the vaporized part of a liquid and the enclosed air. This is usually expressed in psi. at 100 degrees F ( 38 degrees C)

Q 48 What is viscosity? Ans : Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Unit for absolute viscosity is Poise or C. Poise Unit for kinetic viscosity is stoke or C. Stoke

Q 49 What is pressure? Ans : Pressure is the measure of force applied to a unit area. Force. AreaQ 50 How do you calculate pressure of 100 pound block measuring 25 Square inches on each side ? Ans : 100 = 4 psi. 25 Q 51 Why do we use vacuum scale? Ans : Vacuum scale is used to measure pressure in vessels which are below atmospheric (Absolute).

Q 52 What is the relation with a mercury vacuum pressure and atmospheric pressure? Ans : Vacuum pressure gauge is zerol to the atmospheric pressure.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 53 What is a perfect vacuum? Ans : Zero pressure absolute Psia equals the pressure in a perfect vacuum.

Q 54 What is RTD ? Ans : RTD is resistance Temperature Detector. ( Heat creates by electrical Resistance). Increase the heat means increases the resistance.

Q 55 What is the unit of electrical resistance? Ans : Unit of electrical resistance is Ohms at 0 degrees C .

Q 56 Why do we use Centrifugal pumps? Ans . Centrifugal pumps are used when large volumes of fluids to be moved.

Q 57 Which part of the centrifugal pump actually move liquid. Ans . In a centrifugal pump the impeller moves liquid

Q 58 Which part of centrifugal pump is giving power to pump liquid? A centrifugal pump is powered by a driver to pump liquid.

Q 59 Write the start up procedure of a typical centrifugal pump Ans . The following minimum precautions an operator should observe before starting a centrifugal pump :

1. Ensure area is safe to start the pump. . 2 Open suction valve full and discharge must be in cracked open

position.3 Prime the pump to remove vapor or gas.4 Check for any leak and ensure there is no abnormal alarms on the pump

panel. 5 Inform control room. then start the pump . Open the discharge valve full.

Q 60 Draw a simple sketch of a centrifugal pump and identify the following parts. Ans. Upstream side, Down stream side, Suction inlet, Discharge outlet, Housing, Shaft, Impeller

Q 61 What action should an operator takes , if a pump is having any abnormalities? Ans. Stop the pump . Inform control room. Investigate and take proper corrective action. Q 62 Why do we use lubricating oil system in a centrifugal pump ? Ans . Lubricating oil system is to remove heat from pump bearings

Q 63 What are the safe guarding systems of a centrifugal pump? Ans. 1. Pre-warning alarms (Unit Alarms)

2 Trip switches, 3. Safety relief valves

Q 64 What is the difference between single stage pump and multistage pump ? Ans . Single stage pump has only one impeller and multistage pump has two or more impellersQ 65 What types of bearings are used in a pump? Ans. Sleeve bearings Journal bearing and thrust bearing ball bearings are used in pump.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 66 What will happen to bearing, if it is too hot? Ans. If the bearings are too hot they can seize the shaft.

Q 67 What is cohesion ? Ans. Cohesion is the tendancy of molecules in a liquid to stick together. Example lube oil has high cohesion to stick together

Q 68 How do we remove heat from an operating pump? Ans. Excessive heat can be removed from pump by ambient air temperature or by circulating cooling water through water jackets.

Q 69 What is a centrifugal force ? Ans. A force, which tends to move an object away from the center of rotation, is called centrifugal force.

Q 70 How a pump driver is connected to pump ? Ans : Pump driver is connected to a pump by coupling.

Q 71 What is the function of bearing? Ans. Pump bearings control the side to side movement or radial movement of the Shaft. It also controls the forward and backward movement or thrust of the Shaft.

Q 72 What is the largest part of a centrifugal pump? Ans : Pump casing is the largest part of a centrifugal pump.

Q 73 Which part of a centrifugal pump, prevents leakage? Ans. Pump packing is used to prevent leakage from a pump.

Q 78 Draw a simple sketch of a Closed Lubrication system of pump. Label the following parts in your sketch Ans. 1. Sight glass 2. Pump, 3. Lube oil cooler, 4. Temp. control valve TCV, 5. Filter 6. PCV, 7. Reservoir.

Q 79 Where do we use reciprocating pumps in our process system? Ans. Reciprocating pumps are commonly used in Chemical injection where we require high pressure pumping.

Q 80 What should be the position of suction and discharge valves while starting a reciprocating pump? Ans. Suction and discharge valves must be in full opened position and remove air / gas completely from the pump before starting a reciprocating pump.

Q 82 Which part of the reciprocating pump, actually moves liquid ? Ans. Piston and cylinder helps to move liquid in a reciprocating pump.

Q 83 Reciprocating pumps can not increase the pumping capacity under normal conditions and it can pump only fixed quantity. Why ? Ans. Cylinders and pistons are designed to pump fixed quantity. So reciprocating pumps can not increase amount of flow.

Q 84 What is a pump cavitation? Ans. When there is no enough ( low )suction head pressure, liquid, which is in the eye of the impeller will move faster causing high temperature to___________________________________________________________________________________

produce vapor. This vapor lock will produce knocking sound to escape . This will cause pressure surging and loose the efficiency .It can damage the pump . This is called cavitation.

Q 85 What are the four types of rotary pumps Ans. 1. Gear pump 2. Screw pump, 3. Vane pump and 4 Lobe pump

Q 86 Expand the following P&ID abbreviations? FSH, FR, PR, PSV, ESD, PDIC, PCV, FCV, TCV, LCV, PSHH, FSHH, TSHH, PSLL, LO, LC, TIC. Ans : FSH = Flow switch high, FR = Flow recorder PR = Pressure recorder PSV = Pressure safety valve ESD = Emergency shut down PDIC= Pressure differential indicating controller PCV = Pressure control valve FCV = Flow control valve TCV = Temperature control valve LCV = Level control valve PSHH = Pressure switch high high FSHH=Flow switch high high TSHH= Temp. switch high high PSLL = Pressure switch low low LO = Lock open LC = Lock closed TIC = Temperature indicating controller

Q 87 What is a mixture ? Give two examples. Ans : Mixture is a composition of two or more molecules of an element that are not chemically bonded and can be physically separated.

Q 88 Complete the following export!Crude product specification chart with correct answers. Explain what is PTB Ans. H2S Maximum = 20 PPM RVP Maximum = Less than 20 Psig BS & W = 0.5 % Salt = 25 PTB PTB = Parts per thousand barrels

Q 89 How many liters and Gallons in a US barrel of crude oil ? Ans. 159 Liters, 42 Gallons

Q 90 What are the safety protections installed on a separator ? Ans : Unit alarms Trip alarms Relief valves

Q 91. How do you calculate chemical injection rate (liter per day) in crude oil pipelines for the following given figure:- Oil Flow from well head rate is 40,000 BPD, Recommended corrosion inhibitor injection rate 15 ppm What is the required chemical injection rate( liter per day or Gallons per day)?

Ans. 40,000 x 159 x 15 = 95400000 = 95.4 liters per day 10,00000 10,00000

40,0000 x 42 x 15 = 25200000 = 25.2 gallons per day 10,0000 1000000___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 92 Calculate chemical injection rate. Oil flow from a flow line is 50,000 BPD and chemical injection rate is 75 liters per day. ( 20 gallons per day). What is the injection rate in ppm? Ans. 10,00000 x 75 = 75000000 = 9.8 ppm 50,000 x 159 7590000

10,00000 x 20 = 9.5 ppm 50,000 x 42

Q 93 Calculate Scale inhibitor chemical injection rate in water treatment plant. Example. 40,000 BPD water flow rate . Chemical injection 5 ppm. What is the injection rate in liters per day. ( One barrel is 208 liters )

Ans. 40,000 x 208 x 5 = 41.6 liter per day 10,0000

Q 94 What is name of the chemical that is used to inject to prevent emulsion? Ans : Demulsifier

Q 95 What is the effect of overdosing or under dosing of chemical injection rate in oil treating.? Ans. Over dosing and under dosing will produce reverse action. Emulsion will become tight emulsion and waste of money .

Q 96 What are the major valve actuators? Ans : Solenoid Hydraulic Pneumatic Motor operated Q 97 Where are the globe valves mainly used for in a process system? Ans : Globe valves are used to control flow, mainly as control valves.

Q 98 Where are ball valves mainly used for in a process system ? Ans : Ball valves are used in high pressure lines as an isolation valve.

Q 99 Where are butterfly valves commonly used in a process system? Ans : Butterfly valves are commonly used in low pressure pipelines.

Q 100 Valve symbols: Draw P&ID symbols for the following valves Ans. 1. Gate valve , Globe valve, Check valve, Butterfly valve Closed gate valve Closed globe valve, Control valve, AOV(S/D valve) , MOV, HOV

Q 101 Draw a simple sketch of a common gate valve and identify the following valve parts Ans. 1. Hand wheel nut 2. Hand wheel 3. Bonnet, 4. Packing gland, 5.Packing 6. Stem 7. Opening element, 8. Valve seat 9. Valve body. Q 102 Which type of valve are used in level control bypass line of a separator ? Ans. Globe valves.Q 103 Why globe valves are not good in gas flow line? Ans. Flow through globe valves are in two 90 degree angle. There will pressure drop in side valve seat. This will cause freezing inside valve. So globe valves are not used as control valves in gas lines .

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 104 Which part of the centrifugal compressor allows the compressed gas leave out Compressor? Ans : Compressor discharge.

Q 105 What happens to the volume of gas from one stage to the next stage? Volume reduces when compressed gas move out from one stage to the next stage.

Q 106 What are the two types of centrifugal compressor does ADMA - OPCO use ? Ans : 1. Single stage 2. Multistage compressor.

Q 107 Why do centrifugal compressors need to operate at higher speed than centrifugal pumps ? Ans. Centrifugal compressors use gas to compress. Gas is lighter than liquid. So centrifugal compressors need high speed than pumps.

Q 108 What are the main three types of compressors that are used for gas compression? Ans. 1. Centrifugal compressors 2. Reciprocating Compressors 3. Axial compressors

Q 109 What is the function of an unloader switch of a reciprocating compressor? Ans. An unloader switch of a reciprocating compressor prevent over loading of compressor by keeping suction valve open, in case of pressure above set limit , till it reaches below normal operating pressure.

Q 110 What is function of Lead (Duty )and Lag (Stand by) switch of compressor? Ans. Lead (Duty) compressor will be always on line while Lag (Stand by ) compressor on standby . In case of lead compressor fail to provide enough discharge pressure, Lag compressor will automatically start and increase the discharge pressure.

Q 111 What is the purpose of an inter cooler of a compressor? Ans. Inter cooler will help to cool discharge gas / air between one stage to another stage.

Q 112 What is the purpose of an after cooler of a compressor? Ans. After cooler is used to reduce the temperature of a compressed gas / air from the final stage of compression.

Q 113 What are the functions of pre-filters and after filters of an instrument air system? Ans. Pre- filter before drier is used to remove oil mist and liquid from compressed air and after filter is used to remove any suspended particles from the drier unit to supply a high quality clean air for instrument systemQ 114 What type of desiccant that ADMA - OPCO generally use in instrument drier system? Ans. Activated alumna or silica gel.

Q 115 Why do we monitor the dew point of instrument air system ? Ans. Instrument air supply is continuously monitored by meter to check the required dew point reading to avoid condensation and ensure high quality dry air supply.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 116 What is a dew point? Ans. It is the minimum gas temperature at which the gas water content started to form the 1st drop.

Q 117 What is ICC card ( hold tag) and Danger notice card? Why we are using These tags to isolate equipment? Ans. ICC cards (Hold tags) are used in ADMA - OPCO as a part of safety protection to isolate and avoid un-authorized use of equipment, which can cause personnel and equipment damage. Danger cards are used on electrical equipment to make sure that they are isolated.. Pad locks are another safety to make sure the isolation is complete.

Q 118 What electrical value can be measured across the copper and zinc rods? Ans. Voltage.

Q 119 What does a fuse protect against in a circuit ? Ans. High current.

Q 120 What unit is used to measure an electrical resistance? Ans. Ohms.

Q 121 What are the major parts of an electrical motor? Ans. 1. Motor enclosure 2. Stator 3. Rotor 4. Shaft, 5 Bearings

6 End fan cover.

Q122 What is the meaning of TEFC motor ? Ans. Total Enclosed Fan Cooled Motor which is commonly used in hydrocarbon processing area.

Q 123 How do you measure motor speed ? Ans. Rotation per minute ( RPM )

Q 124 Furnace. What four different types of draft against that is used in a furnace. Ans. 1. Natural draft 2. Induced draft 3. Forced draft 4. Balanced draft.

Q 125 Draw a simple sketch of a dual string well head and identify major parts of a typical dual string well head completion. Ans. 1. Well head pressure. 2. Swab valve 3. Wing valve 4 Choke valve 5. Upper master valve 6. Lower master valve. 7. Casing pressure 8. Flow line 9 Sample point. 10. SSV 11 DHV

Q 126 What is unit of measurement electrical load ? Ans. Ampere ( Amps)

Q 127 What is pH reading of a normal fresh water ? Ans. pH reading 7. If it is below 7 is acidic and above 8 is alkali or base.

Q 128 What is the function of an air failure close valve and where does this normally installed in a process separator? Ans. Air fail close valve will close in case of no instrument air supply. This valve is normally used as liquid level control valve in a separator to secure the oil level inside separator in case of a shut down..

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 129 What is the function of an air fail Open valve and where does it normally installed in a process separator ? Ans. Air fail Open valve in normally installed on the gas outlet line as an PCV. This PCV will open in case of an instrument air failure or ESD to protect the vessel from over pressuring by releasing the pressure to maintain low pressure in vessel. Q 130 At what temperature the movement of molecules completely stops ? Ans. At absolute zero temperature.

Q 131 What is the name of the thermometer based on the principle that different metals have different coefficient of thermal expansion ? Ans. Bimetallic thermometer.

Q 132 What is the charecterestic of an RTD element metal ? Ans. RTD element metal has a resistance 100 Ohms at Zero degree C.

Q 133 What are the four major parts of a process control loop? 1. Sensing element 2. Transmitter 3. Controller 4 Control valve.

Q 134 What is the function of a ratio controller? Ans . A ratio control is where a pre determined ratio is maintained between two variables.

Q 135 Why do pig our export!lines? Ans. Pigging operation is periodically conducted to remove water , sludges and other impurities from a pipe line for better effeiciency and also to prevent corrosion.

Q 136 What are the major types of pigs that ADMA -OPCO use for pigging operation? Ans. Brush pig, Foam pig, Bi-directional pig, sphere pig and intelligent pig.

Q 137 What is pyrophoric iron sulphide? How it is formed ? Ans. Pyrophoric iron sulfide is normally found in process lines by the chemical reaction of iron and sulfur from hydrogen sulfide.

Q 138 How is a separator pressure is controlled? Ans. A separator pressure is controlled by pressure control valve ( PCV ) by the help of a pressure control loop

Q 139 What could happen if the level controls failed and the separator vessel became empty? Ans. Gas will escape from the vessel through liquid out let line causing extensive damage to process safety.Q 140 List of various parameters that could cause a separator to trip or shut down? Ans. PALL PAHH LALL LAHH ESD

Q 141 Draw a sketch of an horizontal separator and identify the internal parts. Ans. 1. Inlet line 2. Inlet shut down valve, 3. Inlet block valve 4. Separator 5. Baffles 6. Deflector 7. Flow straightner 8. Weir 9. Out let gas flow 10 Vortex breaker 11Demister pad 12 Liquid out let flow. 13 Sacrificial anodes

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 142 How is the gas flow measured from a separator? Ans. Gas flow is measured from a separator by using the differential pressure across the orifice plate on the gas outlet line.

Q 143 Calculate orifice plate size for choosing required size . Ex. Current flow rate in a Barton chart recorder is 3 and size of orifice plate is 1.5”. What is the required size of orifice to get reading 7 in chart Ans. 3 = 0.4285 Find the square root of 0.4285 =0.6547 x 1.5 = 0.98 7 Required size of orifice to get chart reading 7 is 0.98 “ Q 144 What is the acceptable Barton chart reading from a round chart? Ans. Between 5 and 9. If the chart reading is below 5 the divisions are less. So the readings will not be accurate and not acceptable. Q 145 How is the discharge pressure of a centrifugal pump controlled and maintained? Ans. Discharge pressure of a centrifugal pump is controlled and maintained by pressure control valve and recycle valve.

Q 146 If you observe a fire in your plant, what should be your first action? Ans. Shutdown the plant and report!to control room.

Q 147 If you see an accident in your plant, what should be your first action? Ans .Be calm and first report!to control room with proper details and make yourself safe before approach to help the victim

Q 148 If you observe any unsafe act or unsafe working condition in your plant what should be your first action? Ans. Be calm and report!control room with all relevant information. Then make yourself safe before taking any action to control the situation.

Q 149 What is the emergency telephone number in ADMA –OPCO USSC operations? Ans Emergency telephone no. 66333

Q 150 When a spool piece of a pipe line connection change out is required explain how pipe diameter and material quality is decided by referring to a drawing? Ans. From piping classification details of the relevant P&ID.

Q 151 What part of the diesel engine release diesel fuel under pressure to vaporizes in Cylinder? Ans. Fuel injectorQ 152 What part of the diesel engine provides the force those turns the crankshaft? Ans. Power stroke.

Q 153 What is static electricity? Ans. When electrons move by friction from their normal position in their atom Static electricity is produced.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 154 Explain what is Ampere? Ans. The current of an electron flow in a conductor is measured in Ampere.

Q 155 What is a horsepower? Ans. It is force of 550 pounds applied over a distance of one foot in one Second.

Q 156 Why do we check three phase motors backward run after certain electrical repairs? Ans. If the phase sequence is reversed while connecting power cable, motor will run backward which may cause serious damage to equipment.

Q 157 What must be done to crude oil before it is placed in floating roof storage Tank? Ans. Oil must be stabilized to remove all easily separated gas, before storing into floating roof tank.

Q 158 Tanks . Draw a simple sketch of a oil storage tank and identify the following major parts of a tank. 1. mixer 2. Level float or level measuring tape 3. Vent 4. Gauging platform 5. Gauging well 6. Heater

Q 159 Why do we use vacuum relief valves on a doomed roof tank or fixed roof tank? Ans. Vacuum relief valve prevent forming vacuum in side tank when product is being removed. This valve open automatically if the pressure in the tank falls below 0.2 psig. Then this valve allow air flow into dome of the tank.

Q 160 What is the fire / explosive protection provided on a storage tank? Ans. To prevent fire and explosion protection vent pipes are fitted with flame or spark arrestor.

Q 161 What is the purpose of a meter prover loop? Ans. Prover loop is for testing meter accuracy which is associated with the meter bank or LACT system.

Q 162 What is a meter factor ? Ans. Meter factor is the reading generated for calculation after comparing the accuracy of prover loop and mechanical meter reading.

Q 163 Why do we use electric automatic sampler in meter bank? Electric automatic sampler grab system is to collect a small portion of the Product into a vapor proof container at certain fixed intervals to monitor the Quality of crude oil passing through the LACT mater.

Q 164 What are the four emulsifying agents ? Ans. 1. Heavy paraffin's

2. Heavy naphthanic acids3. Organic solids4. Inorganic solids

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 165 What are the five major sections in a gas turbine engine ? Ans. 1. Starter section 2. Compressor section 3.Cumbustion section

4.Turbine section 5. Exhaust section

Q 166 How does the compressor in a gas turbine forces air to increase pressure ? Ans. The compressor forces air through smaller and smaller volume through stator and rotor discs to increase the pressure.

Q 167 Which section of a gas turbine engine is capable to produce power? How is this section protected? Ans. The turbine section of gas turbine is the power producing section . The cylinder of this section is made by thick steel to protect any damage

Q 168 Which part of the gas turbine control the shaft rotation by regulating fuel flow? Ans. Governor of the gas turbine engine.

Q 169 How does a gas turbine is protected from over speed? Ans. Over speed trip switch cut off the fuel supply to the cumbustion chamber to trip the gas turbine to prevent over speed.

Q 170 What are the major sections of a gas turbine engine? Ans. 1. Starter 2. Compression 3. combustion 4. turbine 5. Exhaust.

Q 171 What is the function of a diesel engine ? Ans. Diesel engine provide a source of power for stand by generator.

Q 172 What are the three parts of a diesel engine? Ans. Cylinder and piston Crank shaft Fuel injectorsQ 173 What is the function of a crank shaft in a diesel engine ? Ans. Crank shaft changes the reciprocating movement of the piston into rotary Motion.Q 174 How does the crank shaft get force to turn in a diesel engine ? Ans. The power stroke provides the force that turns the crank shaft in a diesel engine.Q 175 What are four major functions of lubrication system in a diesel engine? Ans. Lubrication system helps to : Reduces friction Reduces wear Cools bearings Cleans the syste

Q 175 What are the primary parts of a closed lubrication system in a diesel engine? Ans. Lube oil reservoir, Lube oil pump, Lube oil filter Pressure control valve Temperature control valve, Cooler

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 176 How does the diesel engine trip if the lube oil filters are dirty? Ans. Pressure differential indicator alarm across the filter will trip the diesel engine to prevent any damages.

Q 177 What is the function of a lube oil pressure control valve? Ans. Lube oil pressure control valve of lube oil system of a diesel engine is controlling to adjust and maintain lube oil system pressure.

Q 178 What do you understand by the term PPE? Give five names of PPE items. Ans. PPE is Personnel protective equipment. Safety shoe Hard hat Gloves Safety glass Ear plug

Q 179 If you are going to work with chemicals in a process area, what are the required safety equipment you will use as PPE ? ( Give five names) Ans. Safety hat Rubber boot Safety goggles Apron Rubber gloves Face mask

Q 180 Which part of process pipe line is a source of potential leak ? Ans. Flanges and joints.

Q 181 What type of safety equipment you should use if you go out side the railing around the platform ? Ans. Safety belt

Q 182 When you observe a broken ladder or railing ,what action you will take ? Ans. Inform your supervisor and identify the area with proper demarcation tape.

Q 183 What is the ladder safety rule ? Ans. For every four meter of height of a ladder the base distance should be one Meter Ratio 4:1.

Q 184 What is the function and purpose of a pipe line insulation? Ans. Pipe line insulation protects person from very hot and very cold pipes.

Q 185 If you observe damaged critical piping insulation, what action you will take ? Ans . Report!to supervisor

Q 186 When you are working in your operating area of responsibility , if there is an oil spill ,what action you will take in the capacity of an operator? Ans. Report!to supervisor and if possible, clean the area to remove the oil spill.

Q 187 How do you understand that an X- ray test is being conducted in a process area Ans. The area should be protected with radiation warning signals and proper tapes

Q 188 If you observe an X – ray test is being carried out in a process area without any warning signal, what will be your first action ? Ans. Report!to your supervisor.Q 189 Long period of exposure to radiation can be dangerous to you. Why? Ans. Radiation can cause cancer by killing the cells in your body.

Q 190 What are the three types of radiation ? Ans. Alpha, Beta Gamma

___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 191 Gamma rays are more dangerous than other radiation . Why? Ans. Gamma radiation can pass through your body and can kill the cell even if you wear normal PPE.

Q 192 If some visitors are entering into your area of gas/oil processing and asking a permission to take photographs. What are the precautions you should take to allow them to take photographs? Ans. Prepare hot work permit and inform security personnel.Q 193 What is an unsafe act ? Ans. Unsafe acts are the actions of a person which can cause accidents or incidents Q 194 What is an unsafe condition ? Ans. Unsafe condition is the situation in an area where there is some danger for a safe working atmosphere.

Q 195 What are four characteristics of H2S ? Ans 1. Color : Colorless

Smell : Rotton egg smell Heaviness : Heavier than air. Solubility : Soluble in water forming corrosive acid

Q 196 What will happen to a person, if he is working in H2S concentration above 100 ppm. ? Ans. He will loose the sense of smell Q 197 What is the threshold limit value ( TLV) of H2S ? Ans. Below 10 ppm. At this level a person can work . long term exposure limit.

Q 198 What will happen to a person, If he is working in H2S concentration above 30 ppm level ? Ans. Respiratory problems and eye irritations.

Q 199 At what level of H2S concentration, a person will get rapid unconsciousness followed by death within minutes? Ans. 1000 ppmQ 200 How do you identify a pipe line or process line is carrying H2S contaminated fluid in ADMA- OPCO ? Ans. Yellow coloured band around the pipe and By warning signs

Q 201 If high concentration of H2S may be present, what kind of system ( device ) gives signal to the control room? Ans. Electric detectors and sensors will give signal to CCR.

Q 202 All Chemical handling areas in a process system is to be equipped with warning signs. What you understand by the term MSDS? Ans. Material Safety Data Sheet. This card will tell you the safe way of handling chemical. This should be available on each chemical injection tanks.Q 203 What do you understand by the term LSA or NORM? Ans. LSA means Low specific Activities. NORM means Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Hydrocarbon processing pipelines and vessels may have scales . These scales may have radioactive materials available. This radioactive material if it exceeds limit may cause damage to our environment and persons. This radiation is be monitored for excessive radiation. This is called low specific activities. This is occurring naturally. ___________________________________________________________________________________

Q 204 Who is the responsible officer in ADMA-OPCO monitoring and protecting NORM or LSA activities in the process area.? Ans. RPS ( Radiation Protection Supervisor)

Q 205 Where are the potential areas in a production process areas to be monitored for LSA or NORM ? Ans. All well head flow line elbows, bents, sump pump elements, Wellhead chokes, Oil/Gas pigging lines , Wellhead tower test separator internals

Q 205 Oil / gas is called Petroleum. Why ? Ans. They are found in rock. Petra means Rock and Oleum means Oil. So it is called Petroleum

Q 206 What is Organic theory? Ans. Oil and gas comes from the remains of plants and animals by heat and pressureQ 207 What do you understand by light crude and heavy crude ? Ans. Light crude contain the lowest number of Carbon atoms per unit volume. Heavy crude contain highest number of carbon atoms.

Q 208 What is a primary recovery ? Ans. Primary recovery uses natural pressure to push oil up a well along with high gas pressure. Q 209 What is a secondary recovery ? Ans. Fluids are pumped into a well to increase pressure in reservoir to lift oil by artificial method is called secondary recovery .

Q 210 What is the most common secondary recovery method in ADMA - OPCO? Ans. Water Injection Q 211 What is Khuff gas recovery ? Ans. Khuff gas is a non associated gas under extremely high pressure with high concentration of H2S from very deep reservoir.

Q 212 What are the special precautions required to well head casing of a Khuff gas well Head fittings and flow lines? Ans. All Khuff Gas well heads must be cemented into all the way to the bottom of the well due to extreme pressure and temperature. Flow lines also to be well protected to withstand high pressure, high temperature and H2S .Q 213 Which type of valve is normally used on a well head assembly ? Ans. Gate valves

Q 214 What is ' Solution gas' and ' Bubble point' ? Ans. Gas which is inside a solution is called solution gas. The point at which all gas comes out from a solution , we call bubble point

___________________________________________________________________________________