farm mechanization in india - un-csam. · pdf filelevel of farm mechanization in india tillage...
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Farm Mechanization in India
BY:
D.S.Balachandra Babu,
President,
Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers’ Association
(AMMA – India)
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Total population:1.21 billion (2011) Population growth rate:1.5% annually Majority (69%) of people live in rural areas. Land area: 297.3 million ha (2.4% of world) 17% of population; Only 4.2% of world water; 1200 mm annual rainfall Agriculture accounts for 80% of water needs; 60% from ground water. 52% workers in Agriculture: 14% of GDP;
India
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INDIAN AGRICULTURE
CONTRIBUTION TO GDP
14%
86%
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY &SERVICES
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INDIAN AGRICULTURE
LABOUR FORCE BY OCCUPATION ( 478.3 MILLION)
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INDIAN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY
250 Medium to Large Scale Units
2,500 Small Scale Industries
15,000 Tiny Industries
1,00,000 Village level Artisans
32,000 Crore Industry, CAGR growth 5%
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INDIAN AGRICULTURE MACHINERY INDUSTRY
OPPURTUNITIES
1. FAVOURABLE GOVERNMENT INCENTIVE
POLICIES.
2. INCREASED PRODUCTION AND SALES OF
TRACTORS.
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Sales of Tractors and Power Tillers in India
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
2,47,351 2,96,080
3,52,835 3,46,501 3,42,836 3,93,836
5,45,109
6,07,000 5,90,672
6,96,828
Sale of Tractors
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013- 14
17,481 22,303 24,791 26,135
35,294 38,794
55,100 60,000
47,000
56,000
Sale of Power Tillers
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Trend of power availability from different sources
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1971-72 1981-82 1991-92 2001-02 2005-06 2009-10
8.45
18.46
26.14
36.77 38.45 41.67
10.79 15.82
24.84 26.31 25.66 25.13
Electric motors
Diesel engines
Power Tillers
Tractors
Draught Animals
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Sl. No.
Country Farm Power No. of Tractors per 1000 Ha.
No. of Combine Harvesters per 1000 Ha.
(kW/Ha) 1 India* 2.02 37 0.026 2 Japan 8.75 461.22 236.98 3 U.K. 2.50 88.34 8.3 4 France 2.65 68.5 4.93 5 Italy 3.01 211.08 4.71 6 Germany 2.35 79.817 11.41 7 Argentina -- 10.74 1.79 8 Brazil -- 13.66 0.915 9 China -- 6.98 2.53 10 Pakistan -- 16.47 0.08 11 Egypt -- 30.7 0.79
Source: FAO Yearbook 2003
Comparison of Mechanization with Other Countries
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United States [2.4%, 95%]
Western Europe [3.9%, 95%]
Former Soviet Union [14.4%, 80%]
Brazil [14.8%, 75%]
Argentina [9.4%, 75%]
India [55%,40%]
China [64.9%, 38%]
Africa [60%, 20%]
Population engaged in Agriculture vis-a-vis level of farm mechanization
Higher share of labour (55%) with lesser contribution to GDP (14%) makes farming in India less remunerative and incidence of farmers’ poverty
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Level of Farm Mechanization in India
Tillage & seedbed
Preparation
Sowing/ Planting
Fertiliser Application
Irrigation Harvesting Post
Harvesting
Inter Cultivation
Plant Protection
Overall about 40-45%
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Farm Mechanization: SWOT Analysis Strengths
• Manufacturing Units
• Testing Facility at : 4 FMTTIs , 30 designated centers and BIS labs
• Vast network of academic and R&D institutions including 100 centers for research, technology transfer and extension
Equipment manufacturers No. of units
• Agricultural tractors
• Power tillers
• Irrigation pumps
• Plant protection equipment
• Combine Harvester
• Reapers
• Threshers
• Seed Drills and planters
• Diesel oil engines
• Plough, cultivators, harrows
• Chaff cutter
• Rural artisans (hand tools)
13
2
600
300
48
60
6000
2500
200
5000
50
>1 million
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Average size of operational holdings Source: Agriculture Census 2012.
2.28 2.00
1.84 1.69
1.55 1.41 1.33 1.23 1.16
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Ave
rage
siz
e (i
n 'h
a)
Reference year
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Policy Framework : Addressing Issues
Addressing adverse ‘Economies of Scale’
Access to Credit
Promotion of appropriate Farm Equipment: Low cost, region and crop specific, indigenous
Unbundling Agriculture Services from Farmers;
Facilitate Entrepreneurs to establish Custom Hiring Centre; • Facilitating rural
entrepreneurs Special incentives to Small and
Marginal farmers Focusing on village level
mechanization : low cost, region –crop specific, indigenous technology
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ROLE OF WOMEN IN INCREASING AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT (KG/HA)
Other Key Focus Area : Gender-friendly tools and equipment
According to a study, had the women enjoyed the same access to productive resources as men, women could boost yield by 20-30 per cent; raising the overall agricultural output in developing countries by two and a half to four per cent.
This gain in production could lessen the number of hungry people in the world by 12-17 per cent, besides increasing women’s income (FAO, 2011).
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POLICY SUPPORT FOR INCREASING PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN INDIAN AGRICULTRE
Policy
Steps to increase participation of women in Agriculture
National Horticulture Mission
Women are being organized into Self Help Groups and input, technological and extension support etc. is being provided to make them self reliant.
National Bamboo Mission
30% of the budget allocations are earmarked for Women beneficiaries/farmers.
Macro Management for Agriculture’ (MMA)
33% of the allocation has to be made for small, marginal and women farmers.
National Programme for Organic Farming’ (NPOF)
25 % seats have been reserved for training of women farmers in organic farming.
Strengthening and Modernization of Pest Management Approach in India
subsidy on total cost of equipment to the tune of 50% is being provided to women organizations for opening mass production units of bio-control agents
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Female labour-use per ha by crop and operation in major crops
Indian Agriculture
Land preparation
Sowing Interculture
Harvesting All operations
F
TL F TL F TL F TL F TL
Paddy 0 16 24 33 22 29 27 50 74 137
Cotton 1 19 4 9 32 43 45 48 83 138
Chillies 1 21 17 21 24 31 34 47 77 136
Groundnut
0 14 5 8 16 25 26 44 48 95
Sugarcane
0 18 15 34 13 51 11 86 38 205
Source: Sharma and Prakash: Causes and Consequences of supply-demand gap for labour in Sugarcane
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INNOVATIONS IN FARM MACHINERY FOR INDIAN WOMEN
S no Crop Women friendly farm machinery
1 Maize Hand operated maize dehusker-cum-sheller Gender-friendly on-farm model capable of dehusking and shelling maize cobs
2 Flowers Finger guard for plucking flowers Fruit harvester
3 Paddy Direct paddy seeder, Paddle operated paddy thresher, Two row and four row Rice planter
4 Sugarcane Sugarcane stripper
5 Groundnut
Groundnut stripper
6 Cotton Cotton stalk puller
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Contribution of women farm workers in Agriculture: World and India
Women workers in agriculture
World 42%
Latin America 40%
Thailand 44%
Vietnam 61%
India 60%
Sub Saharan Africa 80%
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WORLD AGRICULTURE Employment of women in selected high-value
agro-industries
Country Commodity
Number of employees in this agro industry
Share of Female employees
Kenya Flower 40,000-70,000 75% Uganda Flower 3300 75% Zambia Vegetables 7500 65%
South Africa Deciduous fruits 283,000 53%
Mexico Vegetab;es 950,000 90% Chile Fruits 300,000 46%
Source. For Africa: Maertens and Swinnen (2009: Table 1), based on several sources. For South America: Deere (2005: Appendix II), based on several sources.
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Way Forward
1. Development of drudgery reducing options for decreasing the workload and increasing the efficiency of women
2. Assess application of gender related technologies.
3. Dissemination(extension) of women friendly technologies
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SUB-MISSION ON
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
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Mission Objectives • Increasing the reach of farm mechanization to small
and marginal farmers and to the regions where availability of farm power is low;
• Promoting ‘Custom Hiring Centres’ to offset the
adverse economies of scale arising due to small landholding and high cost of individual ownership;
• Creating hubs for hi-tech& high value farm
equipments; • Creating awareness among stakeholders through
demonstration and capacity building activities;
• Ensuring performance testing and certification at designated testing centers located all over the country.
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Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) : Key Interventions
1. Promotion and Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization through Training, Testing and Demonstration
2. Demonstration, Training and Distribution of Post Harvest Technology and Management (PHTM)
3. Financial Assistance for Procurement of Agriculture Machinery and Equipment
4. Establish Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring
5. Establish Hi-Tech, High Productive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring
6. Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages
7. Financial Assistance for Promotion of Mechanized Operations/hectare Carried out Through Custom Hiring Centres
8. Promotion of Farm Machinery and Equipment in North-Eastern Region:
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Financial Assistance for Procurement of Agriculture Machinery and Equipment
• Ranges 25% to 50% subsidy per machine
• 10% more subsidy to SC/ST/Women/Small & Marginal farmers/ NER states beneficiary
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Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers’ Association (AMMA – India)
Association is ready to offer all kinds of co-operation to promote the agricultural mechanization all over India.
Other Associations in the India Tractor Manufacturers’ Associations (TMA) Power Tiller Manufacturer’s Associations (PTMA) All India Combine Manufacturers’ Associations (AICMA) Pump Manufacturer’s Association (PMA)
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Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers’ Association (AMMA – India)
Our association is committed to the growth of Indian Agricultural Machinery Industry in such a way that it is able to assist the farmers in achieving sustainability and profitability through appropriate farm mechanization '
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