According to Type of rotations:

a) Lay System:

i) Unregulated laid farming.

ii) Regulated lay system.

b) Field System.

c) Perennial Crop System.

I) Type of Rotation:

The world rotation has two meanings according to the time period involved. There is long term alteration between various retypes of land use such as arable farming, tree farming, grassland use etc. in this rotation means the sequence of this basic type of land use on a given field. Within arable farming there is also the term crop rotation which means the short- term sequences of different arable crops on one field.

a) Lay System:

In this system, several years of arable farming are followed by several years of grassed and legumes utilized for livestock production.

i) Unregulated Lay Farming:

In this system natural vegetation grasses, bushy growth on pasture is allowed to grow during the period of fallow. This is an improved managed pasture.

ii) Regulated Lay System: During the period of fallow, certain types of grasses are grown or planted. These are the well managed pasture with fencing and adopting rotational grazing system.

b) Perennial Crop System: The crop which covers the land for many years e.g. Tea, Coffee, sugarcane. In some cases tree crops (oil palm, rubber) are alternated with fallow in other with arable farming, grazing etc.

II) Intensity of the Rotation:

a) Shifting cultivation

b) Lay or fallow farming

c) Permanent cultivation

d) Multiple cropping

II) Intensity of the Rotation:

It is denoted by R simple and appropriate criteria for classification, which gives the true relationship between crop cultivation and following within the total length of one cycle of utilization.

R= no of years of cultivation

----------------------------- * 100

Length of the cycle of land utilization

The length of the cycle is the sum of the number of years of arable in farming the number of fallow years R indicates the production of the area under cultivation in relation to a total area available for arable farming.

a) Shifting cultivation: R< 33%

In the case there is more number of years of fallow than actual cultivation.

b) Lay or fallow farming: In this case R< 66% and 33%

c) Permanent cultivation; in this large area is cultivated and small area is left fallow. R> 66%.

d) Multiple cropping: where R = > 100%. If R= 150% means 50% area is under two crops in a year. If R = 300% means three crops in a year are being grown.

Current Category Farming Systems & Sustainable Agriculture