fatal journeys (team 621) lessons learned h4dip stanford 2016
TRANSCRIPT
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FATAL JOURNEYSi m p ro v i n g d a t a o n m i s s i n g a n d p e r i s h e d re f u g e e s
Te a m 6 2 1
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MS ’17 CS
A N T O NA P O S T O L A T O S
MS ’17 Statistics
L E N N YB R O N N E R
BS ’17 MS&E
A S A DK H A L I Q
MS ’17 CS
Q U E N T I N P E R R O T
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88INTERVIEWS
Improving Data on Missing and Perished Refugees
US Department of StateBureau of Population, Refugees, and
Migration
Policy51%
Data19%
Action29%
Lack of data on refugee flows, particularly the missing and
perished, was preventing efficient policy & strategy
decisions and limiting resource allocation
A missing link between key stakeholders limits
identification of perished refugees, preventing human & legal closure for families
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WAYFINDING1 HONING
DOWN2 OUR SOLUTION3 NEXT
STEPS4
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WAYFINDING
1
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CENTRAL DATA STORE
W A Y F I N D I N G
Combine on-the-ground data collected by existing organizations in Europe
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LARGE NGOSHUMANITARIAN FLEET
FIRST RESPONDER NGOS
COAST GUARD
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LARGE NGOSHUMANITARIAN FLEET
FIRST RESPONDER NGOS
COAST GUARD
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LARGE NGOSHUMANITARIAN FLEET
FIRST RESPONDER NGOS
COAST GUARD
Data isn’t really being collected
Organizations don’t have the bandwidth to do so
Even if they did, they’re reluctant to share it
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Data does not
exist
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Data does not
exist
Data needs to be
generated
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Data does not
exist
Data needs to be
generated
Orgs can’t know who is leaving and
traveling
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Data does not
exist
Data needs to be
generated
Orgs can’t know who is leaving and
traveling
Collect data from
smugglers
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Data does not
exist
Data needs to be
generated
Orgs can’t know who is leaving and
traveling
Collect data from
smugglers
“Don’t do that. Don’t work with smugglers. If you talk to them, then don’t tell anyone you talked to me about this.
Just don’t do it. You will go to jail.”
- One of our mentors
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Data does not
exist
Data needs to be
generated
Orgs can’t know who is leaving and
traveling
Collect data from
smugglers
Collect data from refugees
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I N S I G H T S - C E N T R A L D A T A S T O R E
Detailed data on refugee movements, doesn’t really exist; so we’d need to generate it ourselves
Only smugglers and refugees themselves have exact knowledge of refugee movements — so we’d
need to source it there
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Detailed data on refugee movements, doesn’t really exist; so we’d need to generate it ourselves
Only smugglers and refugees themselves have exact knowledge of refugee movements — so we’d
need to source it there
I N S I G H T S - C E N T R A L D A T A S T O R E
“People arriving in Greece, everyone was using WhatsApp — the refugees, their
families, the smugglers, everyone. They were always in touch.”
- NGO Volunteer, Lesvos, Greece
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WHATSAPP MVP
W A Y F I N D I N G
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WHATSAPP MVP
W A Y F I N D I N G
WhatsApp BotRefugees use it when they’re departingShare data on who’s leaving and whenEnables faster first response
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Khartoum
Sebha
Agadez
Tamanrasset
GhatGatroun
Faya-Largeau
Nyala
Cairo
AlexandriaBenghaziSalloum
Tripoli
Ghadames
Niamey
Tazerbo
Dirkou
NIGERIA
MALI
WEST AFRICA
ERITREA
SOMALIA
SOUTH SUDAN
SUDANCHAD
EGYPT
LIBYAALGERIA
TUNISIA
NIGER
ETHIOPIA
SYRIA
PALESTINEZawiya
LampedusaMALTA
Sicily
ITALY
Source: IOM, IFRC
Addis Ababa
N’Djamena
TunisAlgiers
Damascus
Abuja
Legend
AFFECTED COUNTRYTransit/Relevant
CitiesSmuggling HubMain RouteSecondary
Route
Red Cross Hub and
Lang.
Sea Route
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Khartoum
Sebha
Agadez
Tamanrasset
GhatGatroun
Faya-Largeau
Nyala
Cairo
AlexandriaBenghaziSalloum
Tripoli
Ghadames
Niamey
Tazerbo
Dirkou
NIGERIA
MALI
WEST AFRICA
ERITREA
SOMALIA
SOUTH SUDAN
SUDANCHAD
EGYPT
LIBYAALGERIA
TUNISIA
NIGER
ETHIOPIA
SYRIA
PALESTINEZawiya
LampedusaMALTA
Sicily
ITALY
Source: IOM, IFRC
Addis Ababa
N’Djamena
TunisAlgiers
Damascus
Abuja
Legend
AFFECTED COUNTRYTransit/Relevant
CitiesSmuggling HubMain RouteSecondary
Route
Red Cross Hub and
Lang.
Sea Route
“I didn’t have a phone. I didn't talk to my family for three months.”
- Samuel, Eritrean Refugee
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Khartoum
Sebha
Agadez
Tamanrasset
GhatGatroun
Faya-Largeau
Nyala
Cairo
AlexandriaBenghaziSalloum
Tripoli
Ghadames
Niamey
Tazerbo
Dirkou
NIGERIA
MALI
WEST AFRICA
ERITREA
SOMALIA
SOUTH SUDAN
SUDANCHAD
EGYPT
LIBYAALGERIA
TUNISIA
NIGER
ETHIOPIA
SYRIA
PALESTINEZawiya
LampedusaMALTA
Sicily
ITALY
Source: IOM, IFRC
Addis Ababa
N’Djamena
TunisAlgiers
Damascus
Abuja
Legend
AFFECTED COUNTRYTransit/Relevant
CitiesSmuggling HubMain RouteSecondary
Route
Red Cross Hub and
Lang.
Sea Route
“We had a translator, an Arabic speaker, on the boats — to help give instructions for refugees to come on board. Turned
out, most of them didn’t speak any Arabic at all.”
- Doctors Without Borders sea rescue
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“People often lie about where they’re from — they’re scared they’ll be denied
asylum and sent back.”
- Researcher in Jordan
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Huge differences in language, culture, resources, and norms along different refugee routes; so our
solution needs to be broadly applicable
Refugees are very wary of what data they share and with whom; so ideally, our solution would be as
simple as possible
I N S I G H T S - W H A T S A P P M V P
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Generate data from refugees who are traveling
Generate data from refugees who are traveling with
minimal friction
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First MMC
Notes for each Mission Model Canvas section are in the “slide notes” section
Key Partners Key Activities
Key Resources
Value Propositions Buy-in & Support Beneficiaries/Stakeholders
Deployment
Mission Budget / Costs Mission Achievement / Success Factors
UNHCR and on the ground NGOs for distribution and information
European Governments for information, access and accreditation
State Department for information and distribution
Governments of safe third-party states for on-the-ground information, including the Turkish government
Coast guard for some of the identification process
NGOs in the water (e.g. DWB) for some identification process
Hospitals/morgues for better information on missing people
Key suppliersAmazon Web Servers
What problem?For refugees and their families: (1) we consolidate information about missing persons across on-the-ground orgs and (2) develop means to identify perished persons.
Value?This will increase the chances of finding loved ones (part 1 only) or being able to determine that an individual has perished (part 1 and 2).
Asylum seekers and their families
State Department European governments
On-the-ground orgs collecting missing persons information (including hospitals)
At-sea orgs rescuing people
Access to existing resources: -missing persons databases-access to at-sea orgs
Better communication and cooperation between beneficiaries and partners
Existence of support for refugees
Convincing stakeholders of additional benefit of working with us
Buy-in to the shared information will be difficult to achieve. Instead, discover stakeholder problems and identify unique solutions enabling data collection and support
Relationship with refugees will be supplied by on the ground NGOs and the UNHCR
Relationship with State Department will be supplied through mentor
Buy-in, support, and accreditation from European Governments
Existing missing and deceased persons databases
Data on migration flows and information on on-the-ground situation
Data security for sensitive data
Accreditation for work in Europe
On the ground task force
Accessible database for both entities and people, with easy information placement and retrieval
Key partnerships with existing on the ground practitioners, integrating with existing practices
Potential set up by European governments
Indirectly achieving buy-in for adoption and data sharing by directly solving unique stakeholder problems
More effective resource management, more informed decision making, and greater humanitarian advocacy among partners
Not only lessen inefficiencies with data consolidation, but inform efforts in the field and ensure safer passage
Metrics: # of refugees found, # of families reunified, # of deceased or missing refugees identified
The budget comes from organizations that are on the ground (NGOs, UNHCR) but also from other beneficiaries such as the State
Dept. and European Governments
Data capture and information retrieval
Opportunity cost for resources spent on potentially dead vs. living
Data capture hardware, servers, initial awareness and distribution
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First MMC
Notes for each Mission Model Canvas section are in the “slide notes” section
Key Partners Key Activities
Key Resources
Value Propositions Buy-in & Support Beneficiaries/Stakeholders
Deployment
Mission Budget / Costs Mission Achievement / Success Factors
UNHCR and on the ground NGOs for distribution and information
European Governments for information, access and accreditation
State Department for information and distribution
Governments of safe third-party states for on-the-ground information, including the Turkish government
Coast guard for some of the identification process
NGOs in the water (e.g. DWB) for some identification process
Hospitals/morgues for better information on missing people
Key suppliersAmazon Web Servers
What problem?For refugees and their families: (1) we consolidate information about missing persons across on-the-ground orgs and (2) develop means to identify perished persons.
Value?This will increase the chances of finding loved ones (part 1 only) or being able to determine that an individual has perished (part 1 and 2).
Asylum seekers and their families
State Department European governments
On-the-ground orgs collecting missing persons information (including hospitals)
At-sea orgs rescuing people
Access to existing resources: -missing persons databases-access to at-sea orgs
Better communication and cooperation between beneficiaries and partners
Existence of support for refugees
Convincing stakeholders of additional benefit of working with us
Buy-in to the shared information will be difficult to achieve. Instead, discover stakeholder problems and identify unique solutions enabling data collection and support
Relationship with refugees will be supplied by on the ground NGOs and the UNHCR
Relationship with State Department will be supplied through mentor
Buy-in, support, and accreditation from European Governments
Existing missing and deceased persons databases
Data on migration flows and information on on-the-ground situation
Data security for sensitive data
Accreditation for work in Europe
On the ground task force
Accessible database for both entities and people, with easy information placement and retrieval
Key partnerships with existing on the ground practitioners, integrating with existing practices
Potential set up by European governments
Indirectly achieving buy-in for adoption and data sharing by directly solving unique stakeholder problems
More effective resource management, more informed decision making, and greater humanitarian advocacy among partners
Not only lessen inefficiencies with data consolidation, but inform efforts in the field and ensure safer passage
Metrics: # of refugees found, # of families reunified, # of deceased or missing refugees identified
The budget comes from organizations that are on the ground (NGOs, UNHCR) but also from other beneficiaries such as the State
Dept. and European Governments
Data capture and information retrieval
Opportunity cost for resources spent on potentially dead vs. living
Data capture hardware, servers, initial awareness and distribution
RE-EXAMINE OUR BENEFICIARIES
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First MMC
Notes for each Mission Model Canvas section are in the “slide notes” section
Key Partners Key Activities
Key Resources
Value Propositions Buy-in & Support Beneficiaries/Stakeholders
Deployment
Mission Budget / Costs Mission Achievement / Success Factors
UNHCR and on the ground NGOs for distribution and information
European Governments for information, access and accreditation
State Department for information and distribution
Governments of safe third-party states for on-the-ground information, including the Turkish government
Coast guard for some of the identification process
NGOs in the water (e.g. DWB) for some identification process
Hospitals/morgues for better information on missing people
Key suppliersAmazon Web Servers
What problem?For refugees and their families: (1) we consolidate information about missing persons across on-the-ground orgs and (2) develop means to identify perished persons.
Value?This will increase the chances of finding loved ones (part 1 only) or being able to determine that an individual has perished (part 1 and 2).
Asylum seekers and their families
State Department European governments
On-the-ground orgs collecting missing persons information (including hospitals)
At-sea orgs rescuing people
Access to existing resources: -missing persons databases-access to at-sea orgs
Better communication and cooperation between beneficiaries and partners
Existence of support for refugees
Convincing stakeholders of additional benefit of working with us
Buy-in to the shared information will be difficult to achieve. Instead, discover stakeholder problems and identify unique solutions enabling data collection and support
Relationship with refugees will be supplied by on the ground NGOs and the UNHCR
Relationship with State Department will be supplied through mentor
Buy-in, support, and accreditation from European Governments
Existing missing and deceased persons databases
Data on migration flows and information on on-the-ground situation
Data security for sensitive data
Accreditation for work in Europe
On the ground task force
Accessible database for both entities and people, with easy information placement and retrieval
Key partnerships with existing on the ground practitioners, integrating with existing practices
Potential set up by European governments
Indirectly achieving buy-in for adoption and data sharing by directly solving unique stakeholder problems
More effective resource management, more informed decision making, and greater humanitarian advocacy among partners
Not only lessen inefficiencies with data consolidation, but inform efforts in the field and ensure safer passage
Metrics: # of refugees found, # of families reunified, # of deceased or missing refugees identified
The budget comes from organizations that are on the ground (NGOs, UNHCR) but also from other beneficiaries such as the State
Dept. and European Governments
Data capture and information retrieval
Opportunity cost for resources spent on potentially dead vs. living
Data capture hardware, servers, initial awareness and distribution
RE-EXAMINE OUR BENEFICIARIESRE-EXAMINE OUR PROBLEM
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Problem
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Missing & Perished
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PerishedAlive
Missing & Perished
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PerishedAlive
Missing & Perished
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PerishedAlive
Missing & Perished
Bodies Found
Bodies Missing
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PerishedAlive
Missing & Perished
Bodies Found
Bodies Missing
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HONINGDOWN
2
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z
1990-2013: 35% of refugee
bodies in Europe
identified
4700+ dead refugees in the Mediterranean since the beginning
of 2016
200 000 refugees and refugees crossed the Mediterranean in
2015
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FORENSICS AGENTS
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“Every body coming into Italy is being DNA tested. Many in Greece. This is
expensive, and currently it isn’t getting us good results.”
- MOAS Official
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“These tests are useless unless you have something to link the results back to. A
point of reference.”
- Head of Forensics, ICRC
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REFUGEES’ FAMILY& COMMUNITY
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Develop link between those with bodies and refugees’ families in order
to provide closure — all with less friction!
Generate data from refugees who are traveling with minimal friction
FORENSICS AGENTS
FAMILY & COMMUNITY
PIVOT
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Less dependence on…Smartphones
BatteryLanguage
ConnectivityTrust
Incentives
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Less dependence on…Smartphones
BatteryLanguage
ConnectivityTrust
Incentives
We needed the lowest fidelity way to test that we had honed down
correctly.
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SHARPIE ON T-SHIRT
H O N I N G D O W N
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SHARPIE ON T-SHIRT
H O N I N G D O W N
Essentially, a dogtag
Refugees write family member’s phone number on
their shirt
In case the worst happens, forensics agents receive
the body
Number acts as a bridge back to the family
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“On a T-Shirt? Yes, I don’t mind putting this information — my name, phone
numbers, it’s fine. But I don’t want to wear that if I get to Europe.”
- Samuel, Eritrean Refugee
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“T-shirts can fade, or come off, and they may not hold up for too long in water. The concept works, but the T-shirts may not.”
- Forensics expert
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T-Shirts can be damaged or exchanged, we would need something more rigorous
Writing a number on your shirt could be irreversible; and refugees don’t always want to share this
information, so we need a more flexible solution to allow the refugee more control
I N S I G H T S - T - S H I R T M V P
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Develop link between those with bodies and refugees’ families in order to provide closure
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OURSOLUTION
3
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WRISTBANDS O L U T I O N
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WRISTBANDS O L U T I O N
Works very similarly to the T-Shirt
But much more robust - tamperproof and waterproof
Offers flexibility and control to the refugee
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why this works and is good
Refugee’s Home
RC ChapterEmbarks
PerishForensics
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NEXTSTEPS
4
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PILOT
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“T-Shirts can get lost, exchanged, or fade away — bracelets are much more robust.”
- Forensics Expert, US Army
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Khartoum
Sebha
Agadez
Tamanrasset
GhatGatroun
Faya-Largeau
Nyala
Cairo
AlexandriaBenghaziSalloum
Tripoli
Ghadames
Niamey
Tazerbo
Dirkou
NIGERIA
MALI
WEST AFRICA
ERITREA
SOMALIA
SOUTH SUDAN
SUDANCHAD
EGYPT
LIBYAALGERIA
TUNISIA
NIGER
ETHIOPIA
SYRIA
PALESTINEZawiya
LampedusaMALTA
Sicily
ITALY
Source: IOM, IFRC
Addis Ababa
N’Djamena
TunisAlgiers
Damascus
Abuja
Legend
AFFECTED COUNTRYTransit/Relevant
CitiesSmuggling HubMain RouteSecondary
Route
Red Cross Hub and
Lang.
Sea Route
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z
“How many bracelets can you give to us and when can you get them to us?”
- Turkish Red Crescent Official
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“No problems — almost all refugees get information on crossing from Facebook
groups or informal networks like WhatsApp. So you can advertise there for
free.”
- Syrian Stringer/Fixer
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DEFINING CLOSURE
N E X T S T E P S
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There’s more than just a human and emotional aspect to closure
It’s also legal and logistical
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We have to prove out our basic solution, and gain enough traction to make it viable
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THANK YOU