Presented By:Pavithra R.

III M C AMangalore University

CONTENTS• INTRODUCTION TO WSN• FAULT MANAGEMENT MECHANISM FOR WSN• FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS• FAULT RECOVERY• NETWORK AND FAULT MODEL• FAULTY SENSOR DETECTION• CONCLUSION• FUTURE SCOPE

INTRODUCTIONA wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes

organized into a cooperative network• WSN are used to collect data from the environment.• A sensor network consists of multiple detection

stations called sensor nodes, each of which is small, lightweight and portable.

• The nodes in the network are connected via Wireless communication channels.

• Each node has capability to sense data, process the data and send it to rest of the nodes or to Base Station.

• These networks are limited by the node battery lifetime.

Every sensor node is equipped with a transducer, microcomputer, transceiver and power source.

The transducer generates electrical signals based on sensed physical effects and phenomena. The microcomputer processes and stores the sensor output.

The transceiver, which can be hard-wired or wireless, receives commands from a central computer and transmits data to that computer. The power for each sensor node is derived from the electric utility or from a battery.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) usually have limited energy and transmission capacity, which can't match the transmission of a large number of data collected by sensor nodes.

WSN ARCHITECTURE

Sensor Node

Gateway

Base Station

Wireless Sensor Network Architecture

Fault Management Mechanism for WSN

In this approach a new fault management mechanism was proposed to deal with fault detection and recovery.

It proposes a hierarchical structure to properly distribute fault management tasks among sensor nodes by heavily introducing more self-managing functions.

The proposed fault management mechanism can be divided into two phases:

Fault detection and diagnosis Fault recovery

Fault Detection and Diagnosis Detection of faulty sensor nodes can be achieved by two

mechanisms i.e. self-detection (or passive-detection) and active-detection.

In self-detection, sensor nodes are required to periodically monitor their residual energy, and identify the potential failure.

In this scheme, we consider the battery depletion as a main cause of node sudden death. A node is termed as failing when its energy drops below the threshold value.

Self-detection is considered as a local computational process of sensor nodes, and requires less in-network communication to conserve the node energy.

To efficiently detect the node sudden death, fault management system employed an active detection mode.

In active detection, cell manager asks its cell members on regular basis to send their updates. Such as the cell manager sends “get” messages to the associated common nodes on regular basis and in return nodes send their updates. This is called in-cell update cycle.

The update_msg consists of node ID, energy and location information.

The exchange of update messages takes place between cell manager and its cell members. If the cell manager does not receive an update from any node then it sends an instant message to the node .

If cell manager does not receive the acknowledgement in a given time, it then declares the node faulty and passes this information to the remaining nodes in the cell.

Fault Recovery After nodes failure detection (as a result of self-detection

or active detection), sleeping nodes can be awaked to cover the required cell density or mobile nodes can be moved to fill the coverage hole.

A cell manager also appoints a secondary cell manager within its cell to acts as a backup cell manager. Cell manager and secondary cell manager are known to their cell members.

If the cell manager energy drops below the threshold value (i.e. less than or equal to 20% of battery life), it then sends a message to its cell members including secondary cell manager.

This is an indication for secondary cell manager to stand up as a new cell manager and the existing cell manager becomes common node and goes to a low computational mode.

Common nodes will automatically start treating the secondary cell manager as their new cell manager and the new cell manager upon receiving updates from its cell members; choose a new secondary cell manager.

The failure recovery mechanisms are performed locally by each cell.

Figure: Virual Grid of Nodes

Network model and Fault model

Network model and Fault model Sensors are randomly deployed in the interested area

which is very dense and all the sensors have a common transmission range.

Depending on majority voting among the sensors, we assume that each sensor node has at least 3 neighboring nodes.

Because a large amount of sensors are deployed into the interested area to form a wireless network, this condition can be easily obtained.

Each sensor node is able to locate its neighbors within its transmission range via a broadcast/ acknowledge protocol. Faults can occur at different levels of the sensor network such as system software, hardware, physical layer, and middleware.

In this mechanism, we focus on hardware level faults by assuming all system software as well as the application software is always fault tolerant.

We can categorize the hardware components of sensor nodes into two groups.

The first group of hardware level components consists of a storage subsystem, computation engine and power supply infrastructure.

The second groups of components are sensors and actuators.

Sensor nodes are still capable of receiving, sending, and processing when they are faulty in the algorithm.

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CONCLUSION

In a faulty sensor detection algorithm where each sensor identifies its own status to be either ”good” or ”faulty” and the claim is then supported or reverted by its neighbors as they also evaluate the node behavior.

The probabilities of faulty sensors being diagnosed as “good” and good sensors not being diagnosed as “good” are very low.

Future Scope In future we intend to calculate the detection accuracy for

the nodes in the Wireless Sensor Network where detection accuracy depicts the ratio of the number of faulty sensors detected to the total number of faulty sensors in the network. The time consumed by approach to find out the faulty node is relatively less. So we want to verify it for larger number of nodes.

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