fe modelling of steel connections in heating and cooling...

Venue: CORUS STC, Rotherham 1

FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phase

Dr. George N. Koutlas Dr. Marwan Sarraj


Plan

• Review the connection type involve in the research.

• End-Plate connection test and the FEM for validation.

• Flexible end plate connection model and parametric studies.

• Conclusions.


Steel Connection Types Involved

Fillet

weld

End Plate Single

row

bolt

group

Supported beam

Supporting

column

End-Plate

Supporting

columnSupported

beam

Web

angle

Double Web Angle

Supporting

column Supported

beam

Fin

plate

Fillet

weld

Single row

bolt group

Fin Plate

Fillet

weld

End Plate

Single row

bolt group

Supported beam

Supporting

column

Flexible End Plate


End-plate connections, Test Assembly

• Column: HEA220, Grade S355

• Beams: IPE300, Grade S275

• End-Plate: 330x220x10 mm, Grade S275

• Bolts: M20, Grade 8.8

• Beams and connections components are unprotected

• Column is protected

• Applied load is 35 kN

• Right end axial beam restrain of 2 kN/mm spring stiffness


End-plate Connection, Test Setting

3470 m

m

IPE300

HE

A220

IPE300

5000 mm

35 kN

825 m

m

2650 mm


Material Properties

• EC3 material models was adopted

• EC3 bolt strength reduction

factors were implemented

• EC3 thermal expansion data was

used in all the material models0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Strain [%]

Str

ess

[N

/mm

²]

20 [°C]

100 [°C]

200 [°C]

300 [°C]

400 [°C]

500 [°C]

550 [°C]

600 [°C]

700 [°C]

800 [°C]

0 300 600 900 1200

100

80

60

40

20

% o

f red

uct

ion

fact

or

norm

al

valu

e

Temperature (°C)

Effective yield

strength

(at 2% strain)

Elastic

modulus

Proportional

limit

Bolt Reduction Factors

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Temperature [◦C]

Red

ucti

on

Facto

r


The FE Modelling

Geometry, Mesh and Boundary Condition

35 kN


Temperature Field (Beam)

Time-Temperature (Beam)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195

Time [min]

Tem

pera

ture

TC 21

TC 22

TC 23

TC 24

TC 25


The FE Modelling Result

Beam Laterally Restrained


Temperature - Vertical Deflection

Temperature - Deflection

-220

-170

-120

-70

-20

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Temperature [◦C]

De

fle

cti

on

[m

m]

Test Data

Abaqus FEM

• Simulation results are in

very good agreement

with the test results.

• The FE model shows

conservative result as it

falls below the test data.

• Initial failure temperature

was the same (700°C) for

both the test and the FE

model.


Time – Horizontal Displacement

Horizontal Displacement-Time

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195

Time [min]

Dis

pla

cem

en

t [m

m]

Test-74

Test-75

Model

• Horizontal displacement for

the FEM results are

conservative and in good

agreement with the test

results.

• The maximum horizontal

displacement generated

was 42 mm at 60 minute.

• The catenary action started

earlier than the test in the

heating phase.


Flexible End Plate Connection

Parametric Studies Model

Symmetric boundary

Symmetric

boundary

Literal restrains


Temperature heating Curve

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600

Time (min)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

n = 0.3 - Curve n°1

n = 0.5 - Curve n°1

n = 0.7 - Curve n°1

n = 0.3 - Curve n°2

n = 0.5 - Curve n°2

n = 0.7 - Curve n°2



Parametric Studies

12m - 0.7W - 03% K

12m - 0.7W - 10% K

12m - 0.7W - 15% K

6 M

Beam: IPE300 / S275

Column: HEA300 / S275

Beam: IPE550 / S235

Column: HEM300 / S275

6m - 0.7W - 03% K

6m - 0.7W - 10% K

6m - 0.7W - 15% K

12 M


Flexible End Plate Connection Parametric Studies Model

Beam: IPE300 / S275Column: HEA300 / S275

6 M

-240

-220

-200

-180

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Vert

ical

Defl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




6 M

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Axia

l D

efl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




6 M

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Time [Min.]

Axia

l F

orc

e [

kN

]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)



Beam: IPE550 / S235Column: HEM300 / S275

12 M

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Vert

ical

Defl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




12 M

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Axia

l D

efl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




12 M

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time [Min.]

Axia

l F

orc

e [

kN

]

0.7W-03%K (12M)

0.7W-10%K (12M)

0.7W-15%K (12M)


Conclusions

• The FEM of End-Plate connection has been validated

successfully to the test data.

• Most flexible end plate connection failure initiated by

material tear off, either in plate or beam web next to the

weld.

• The failure seem to be initiated in the heating phase

rather than in the cooling phase.

• It does not seem to be realistic to use S235 for 12 m

beam span.


FE Modelling of Steel Connections in Heating and Cooling Phase

Dr. George N. Koutlas Dr. Marwan Sarraj


Plan

• Review the connection type involve in the research.

• End-Plate connection test and the FEM for validation.

• Flexible end plate connection model and parametric studies.

• Conclusions.


Steel Connection Types Involved

Fillet

weld

End Plate Single

row

bolt

group

Supported beam

Supporting

column

End-Plate

Supporting

columnSupported

beam

Web

angle

Double Web Angle

Supporting

column Supported

beam

Fin

plate

Fillet

weld

Single row

bolt group

Fin Plate

Fillet

weld

End Plate

Single row

bolt group

Supported beam

Supporting

column

Flexible End Plate


End-plate connections, Test Assembly

• Column: HEA220, Grade S355

• Beams: IPE300, Grade S275

• End-Plate: 330x220x10 mm, Grade S275

• Bolts: M20, Grade 8.8

• Beams and connections components are unprotected

• Column is protected

• Applied load is 35 kN

• Right end axial beam restrain of 2 kN/mm spring stiffness


End-plate Connection, Test Setting

3470 m

m

IPE300

HE

A220

IPE300

5000 mm

35 kN

825 m

m

2650 mm


Material Properties

• EC3 material models was adopted

• EC3 bolt strength reduction

factors were implemented

• EC3 thermal expansion data was

used in all the material models0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Strain [%]

Str

ess

[N

/mm

²]

20 [°C]

100 [°C]

200 [°C]

300 [°C]

400 [°C]

500 [°C]

550 [°C]

600 [°C]

700 [°C]

800 [°C]

0 300 600 900 1200

100

80

60

40

20

% o

f red

uct

ion

fact

or

norm

al

valu

e

Temperature (°C)

Effective yield

strength

(at 2% strain)

Elastic

modulus

Proportional

limit

Bolt Reduction Factors

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Temperature [◦C]

Red

ucti

on

Facto

r


The FE Modelling

Geometry, Mesh and Boundary Condition

35 kN


Temperature Field (Beam)

Time-Temperature (Beam)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195

Time [min]

Tem

pera

ture

TC 21

TC 22

TC 23

TC 24

TC 25


The FE Modelling Result

Beam Laterally Restrained


Temperature - Vertical Deflection

Temperature - Deflection

-220

-170

-120

-70

-20

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Temperature [◦C]

De

fle

cti

on

[m

m]

Test Data

Abaqus FEM

• Simulation results are in

very good agreement

with the test results.

• The FE model shows

conservative result as it

falls below the test data.

• Initial failure temperature

was the same (700°C) for

both the test and the FE

model.


Time – Horizontal Displacement

Horizontal Displacement-Time

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195

Time [min]

Dis

pla

cem

en

t [m

m]

Test-74

Test-75

Model

• Horizontal displacement for

the FEM results are

conservative and in good

agreement with the test

results.

• The maximum horizontal

displacement generated

was 42 mm at 60 minute.

• The catenary action started

earlier than the test in the

heating phase.




Symmetric boundary

Symmetric

boundary

Literal restrains


Temperature heating Curve

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600

Time (min)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

n = 0.3 - Curve n°1

n = 0.5 - Curve n°1

n = 0.7 - Curve n°1

n = 0.3 - Curve n°2

n = 0.5 - Curve n°2

n = 0.7 - Curve n°2



Parametric Studies

12m - 0.7W - 03% K

12m - 0.7W - 10% K

12m - 0.7W - 15% K

6 M

Beam: IPE300 / S275

Column: HEA300 / S275

Beam: IPE550 / S235

Column: HEM300 / S275

6m - 0.7W - 03% K

6m - 0.7W - 10% K

6m - 0.7W - 15% K

12 M




6 M

-240

-220

-200

-180

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Vert

ical

Defl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




6 M

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Axia

l D

efl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




6 M

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Time [Min.]

Axia

l F

orc

e [

kN

]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




12 M

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Vert

ical

Defl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




12 M

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time [Min.]

Axia

l D

efl

ecti

on

[m

m]

0.7W-03%K (6M)

0.7W-10%K (6M)

0.7W-15%K (6M)




12 M

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time [Min.]

Axia

l F

orc

e [

kN

]

0.7W-03%K (12M)

0.7W-10%K (12M)

0.7W-15%K (12M)


Conclusions

• The FEM of End-Plate connection has been validated

successfully to the test data.

• Most flexible end plate connection failure initiated by

material tear off, either in plate or beam web next to the

weld.

• The failure seem to be initiated in the heating phase

rather than in the cooling phase.

• It does not seem to be realistic to use S235 for 12 m

beam span.

fe modelling of steel connections in heating and cooling...

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