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K u m u d u V i d a n a G a m a g e 1

International Journal of New Technologies in Civil Engineering (IJNTCE)

Feasibility Assessment of a Land Development forRecreational Purpose in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Kumudu Vidana Gamage

Abstract: In this study, an alternative proposal was done forthe engineering and technology Centre, which was proposedto have in Peradeniya area in Sri Lanka near the faculty ofengineering, within university premises. Therefore, it isessential to include professional buildings in the land.It has been widely recognized that the land, which isbordered by the Kandy-Gampola road, Mahaweli River andthe footpath between the Akbar halt and the Akbar Bridge,should be improved in order to attract both local and foreigntourists with the aids of conference hall, technical museum,information and technology centre, children’s park and arestaurant.In order to protect the site from the flood, a dyke wasproposed. Due to the steep slope, a road cannot be providedalong the existing ground surface of the site. Therefore, abridge was designed along the slope to overcome the highgradient of the slope as well as to increase the attractiveness.An Information & technology centre was designed forninety users and it can be used to conduct computer classesand to provide computer facilities with internet, to thepeople who are using the facilities within the premises. Atechnical museum was designed to educate the people aboutthe history of the discoveries and the current developmentsin the engineering field. A conference hall was design for300 participants. Other than having conferences, it can beused for hold workshops, educational programs, films andstage dramas.The project was estimated to a total cost of hundred andfourty nine million rupees inclusive of the equipment,furnishing and initial establishment costs. The presentproposal was to construct a well-planned, aestheticallypleasing and economically sustainable Engineering &Technology Centre (ET Centre) to achieve above objectives.

Keyword: Professional Buildings, Technical Museum,Dyke, IT Centre

1. INTRODUCTION

It has been widely recognized that the land which isbordered by the Kandy-Gampola road, Mahaweli River andthe footpath between the Akbar halt and the Akbar Bridgeshould be improved in order to attract the both local andforeign tourists. The area of the land was 7.5 acres. Sincethe land is located in the university premises between thefaculty of Engineering and the faculty of Arts, it wasessential to include professional buildings in the land.

Kumudu Vidana Gamage1,2, 1Department of Civil Engineering, Universityof Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2Postgraduate Student of Master of Philosophy,Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, AustraliaEmail : [email protected]

Because of the increasing tendency of having conferences inKandy region, there is a necessity of a suitable conferencehall. In addition, since the land is located in the universitypremises there is a possibility of using the above hall as anauditorium to show films and dramas. Due to theunchanging curiosity of the people to realize that how thethings have been evolved through the history, it is necessaryto having a technical museum within the premises.

In order to provide the internet facilities to the people thosewho are participating to the conferences there should be anInformation & Technology center. In addition, theInformation & Technology center can be used forconducting computer classes for both university studentsand outside people.

Since there is a conference hall within the premises, it isnecessary to provide the accommodation facilities to theparticipants. So having a rest house is very vital. Other thanthat, there are many tourists in Kandy region during the“Kandy perahara” season. Therefore, the rest house can beeven used to fulfill their accommodation requirements and itwill be a rest place for those who traveling trips along theKandy-Gampola road bounding Nuwara-Eliya and Sripadha.The layout diagram of the proposed land development site isshown in Figure 1.



Fig -1: Layout Diagram of the Site

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 DATA COLLECTION2.1.1 Collection of Flood DataIt was necessary to study the flood levels of the MahaweliRiver as the land was situated near by the river. A projectreport [1] about the flood plain analysis of the same landwas followed in order to have an idea about flooding risk ofthe land. The water levels of the Mahaweli River before andafter the construction of Kotmale reservoir have also beenanalyzed.

2.1.2 Collection of Rainfall DataDue to the proposed dyke and the surroundingembankments, there was a risk of flooding the site in heavyrainy times. Hence it was necessary to design a properdrainage system that could capable of convey the rain waterto the river without flooding the site. Hence rainfall datawithin ten years (1995 to 2005) at Gannoruwa gaugingstation was collected from the Natural ResourcesManagement Centre of Peradeniya.

2.1.3 Collection of Data from Kandy National MuseumThe curiosity of people to realize that how the things havebeen changed and developed through the history is not goingto be changed. Having a technical museum within thepremises is a good opportunity to attract both local andforeign tourists. Having that purpose, data from KandyNational Museum was collected.

2.1.4 Collection of Data for the Conference HallThe tendency of having conferences around Kandy area hasbeen increased during last few years. Therefore, the demandfor a conference hall has been increased. Other than that,there is a possibility of using the hall as an auditorium forshowing films and stage dramas. Therefore, the data ofrecent past conferences, which was held around Kandy area,was collected.

2.1.5 Data Collection for the Information & TechnologyCentreThe presence of the conference hall in the premises attractsvarious kinds of people from different parts of the world forconferences. Therefore, it is needed to have computerfacilities within the premises. With the view of providingcomputer facilities for the participants for conferences andfor conducting computer classes, an Information &Technology centre was designed. Since, there is a greatdemand for the computer education today and thePeradeniya town is very populated, it is economical toprovide an Information & Technology centre for conductingcomputer classes.Required details for the designing of an Information &Technology centre was collected from PeradeniyaUniversity Information & Technology centre. The details ofnumber of computers, space required for a computer andthe arrangement of computers were collected from theuniversity Information & Technology centre.



2.1.6 Data Collection for the HotelBecause of the limited availability of accommodationfacilities in Peradeniya area, it is worth to include a hotel inthe premises which provide accommodation facilities for thepeople participating for conferences and in addition to that,this can be rented out for the outside parties that are goingtrips and pilgrimages. With this intention details of visitorsin few hotels during various seasons were collected. Further,details of visitors to Peradeniya botanical garden were alsocollected. For the reason that, when designing the hotel, itwas assumed that certain percentage from this would getaccommodate in the designed hotel.

2.2 PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS ANDCONCEPTUAL DESIGNS2.2.1 Design of the Entrance to the SiteSince the Akbar halt, entrance to the faculty of engineeringand the entrance to the site are much closed to each other,the place is going to be very congested especially during theoffice hours. Therefore, in order to avoid that congestion, achannelization was provided. Other than that, a zebra crosssection was provided in the backside of the Akbar halt.

2.2.2 Design of the BridgeDue to the steep slope, a road cannot be provided along theexisting ground surface of the site. Therefore, a bridge wasdesigned along the slope in order to overcome the highgradient of the existing ground.

2.2.3 Design of the DykeAfter analyzing the collected data, the maximum flood levelthat the site can undergo was identified and a dyke wasdesigned to protect the site from this flood.Side of the dyke, which is facing to the children’s park, wasprovided with the steps. So, the parents or guardians ofchildren can be seated on those steps. A handrail wasprovided over the dyke in order to protect the people. Theouter side surface of the dyke was kept as slope. The dykewas proposed to construct using 1:2:4 concrete.

2.2.4 Design of the Drainage SystemAnalyzing the collected rainfall data, the month with themaximum rainfall was taken and it was assumed that rainfallwas fallen within one day. With that assumption, thedrainage system was designed and this can be directed to theMahaweli River without any problem.

2.2.5 Design of the Cafeteria, Bookshop and theRestaurantThe cafeteria, bookshop and the restaurant were enclosedinto one building as it was easy for people, those who haveaccommodated in the rooms to get their meals. In addition,since the cafeteria is a noisy place it was crucial to keep itseparated from the conference hall, Information &Technology center and the technical museum. Since the topslab of the building was in a high elevation, the two watertanks could be located on top of that. The heights of eachfloors and the top level of the building with respect to themean sea level were designed accordingly.

2.2.5.1 Design of the Cafeteria and the BookshopThe cafeteria was designed to provide food facilities for theparticipants of the conferences and those who are coming tovisit the museum and the Information & Technology centre.A bookshop was designed near to the cafeteria with a viewof providing souvenirs for the visitors. By considering thecomfortability of the users and with the intension ofproviding nice looking atmosphere to the accommodators,the cafeteria was located in the ground floor while the roomswere in upper floors.

2.2.5.2 Design of the RestaurantThe restaurant was designed in order to provideaccommodation for the people those who are coming toconferences. In addition, the other local and foreign touristscan reserve the restaurant for their accommodation. Therestaurant was comprised with six single rooms, eighteendouble rooms, and six large rooms. Altogether, there werethirty rooms, so Environmental Impact Assessment was notrequired. Other than that, it has two common kitchens, twocommon washing rooms, two common rooms and twovisitors’ rooms as one in each floor. The arrangements of thefirst floor and the second floor of the building were same.

2.2.6 Design of the Information & Technology Center,Technical Museum and the Conference HallSince a calm and quiet environment is required for theInformation & Technology center, technical museum andthe conference hall they were enclosed into one building. Inorder to overcome the discomfort of the students and theother computer users, the Information & Technology centerwas located in the ground floor of the building. With theintension of providing a noiseless background for theconference hall, it was located in the top floor of thebuilding. The heights of each floors and the top level of thebuilding with respect to the mean sea level were designedaccordingly.

2.2.6.1 Design of the Information & Technology CentreTo accommodate hundred computers, the Information andTechnology centre was designed by considering the arearequired for a single computer.

2.2.6.2 Design of the Technical MuseumThe technical museum was designed with the intension ofexhibiting history of engineering in Sri Lanka, thetechnological discoveries and developments in all over theof the world and inventions & projects of the engineeringundergraduate students.Using the collected income data, the maximum number ofpeople who can visit the museum at a time was calculated.

2.2.6.3 Design of the Conference HallAfter analyzing the collected data, the average number ofpeople that could participate to a certain conference wasfound. Other than that in order to show films a screen wasprovided and a stage and two dressing rooms were providedfor stage dramas. In addition, six interpretation rooms fortranslators and an area for media were allocated.



2.2.7 Design of the Water TanksAfter calculating the total number of people that can bepresent in the premises, water demand for all locationsincluding the Information & Technology center, TechnicalMuseum, Conference Hall and for the restaurant wascalculated [2].These two water tanks will be constructed on the top of therestaurant building.

2.2.8 Design of the Car ParkThe car park was designed with the intension of providingthe parking facilities for those who are visiting to theinstitute.

2.2.9 Design of the Children’s ParkThe children’s park was designed with the intension ofproviding a suitable place to play for the children in thefamilies that are accommodating in the restaurant and visitto the site. In the middle of the park, a pond was providedand around that, the other playing instruments were located.

2.2.9 Design of Air-Conditioning SystemAn air conditioning system was designed for the conferencehall and information technology centre [3].

2.2.11 Design of Fire PrecautionsAs it is vital to have fire precautions, required number offire precaution cylinders for each location was calculated[4].

2.3 COST ESTIMATIONAfter all requirements have been finalized, the total projectcost was estimated.

3. RESULTS

3.1 COLLECTED DATA3.1.1 Flood DataThe flood contour map after the construction of Kotmalereservoir was referred and it is indicated in the Fig. 2.

3.1.2 Rainfall DataRainfall data collected from Gannoruwa gauging station is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Monthly Variation of Rainfall in Millimeters

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1994 62.8 147.9 0.0 104.0 97.8 58.9 203.5 47.4 101.3 382.7 301.3 59.91995 212.5 90.4 78.5 256.7 256.5 97.7 53.0 96.3 128.6 413.1 272.2 24.51996 4.1 84.7 68.8 281.6 10.8 140.8 144.0 104.7 256.1 271.5 249.4 197.91997 0.0 2.2 0.0 122.9 239.0 52.3 139.8 86.6 386.2 283.8 434.1 181.51998 44.3 2.7 50.2 58.3 169.0 148.7 287.5 147.9 356.8 221.1 161.4 193.91999 192.2 150.7 111.8 335.1 260.3 241.9 73.3 68.4 111.6 347.1 283.0 109.92000 82.1 177.1 78.0 255.0 160.8 103.7 47.0 226.4 155.6 219.1 166.7 170.52001 154.2 66.7 32.1 350.9 45.5 130.4 205.2 18.9 218.7 173.9 143.7 387.22002 14.6 26.8 148.5 579.9 180.3 179.3 117.2 155.4 66.8 205.6 404.9 130.72003 171.3 26.3 188.6 237.4 91.4 107.7 150.3 132.2 107.6 121.8 179.8 9.02004 9.8 18.2 230.4 172.9 125.6 165.2 109.5 95.4 91.7 152.3 160.0 249.8

Fig -2: Flood Contour Map of the Site



3.1.3 Data for National MuseumThe collected income levels in the Kandy National Museumare shown in the Fig 3 and Fig 4.

DayIncome

(Rs.)

Mon 22500.00Tue 18750.00Wed 21300.00Thu 22600.00Fri 20000.00Sat 26500.00Sun 27500.00

Fig -3: Daily Variation of Average income of KandyNational Museum

MonthIncome

( Rs.Lakhs)

Jan 9.0Feb 6.5Mar 6.5Apr 7.0May 6.7Jun 10.5Jul 27.0

Aug 22.5Sep 9.8Oct 6.7Nov 6.5Dec 8.0

Fig -4: Monthly Variation of Average Income of KandyNational Museum

3.1.4 Data for the Conference HallDetails collected from the past conferences held in Kandywas collected and shown in Table 2.

Table -2: Details of Recent Past Conferences

Category ofParticipants

Asian Congressof Fluid

Mechanics

InternationalConference onIndustrial andInformation

SystemsForeign 125 121Local 25 185CommitteeMembers

32 41

Total 182 347

3.1.5 Data for the HotelData collected from Peradeniya botanical garden from year2001 to 2006 is shown in Table 3 and from various hotels inKandy is shown in Table 4.

Table -3: Visitors to the Botanical Garden in Year 2001- 2006

Month

LocalAdults

LocalChildren

ForeignAdults

ForeignChildren

ForeignStudents

Jan 270682 24464 72406 1106 860Feb 339348 44689 80027 1114 952Mar 271339 142817 79577 642 1047Apr 321128 102574 60602 1532 957May 293752 83427 41172 680 592Jun 272522 124951 35493 643 732Jul 305888 189643 65294 2566 2474Aug 347138 109519 67082 2711 2127Sep 278939 67716 53730 290 840Oct 205975 51450 46157 659 667Nov 165121 25184 54722 381 677Dec 233152 24753 48332 1372 1070

Table -4: Details of HotelsHotel No. of Rooms

Hilltop 55Hotel Topaz 80Earls Regency Hotel 159

3.2 CALCULATIONS AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS3.2.1 Design of the Entrance to the SiteThe proposed design for the entrance to the site is shownin Figure 5. To avoid the congestion near the siteentrance, a channelization was provided.

Fig -5: The Layout Diagram of the Entrance Area

3.2.2 Design of the BridgeDue to the steep slope, a road cannot be provided along theexisting ground surface of the site. Therefore, a bridge wasdesigned along the slope in order to overcome the highgradient of the existing ground. The gradient of the



proposed bridge and the existing ground slope is indicated inthe Figure 6.

Fig -6: The Gradient of the Existing Ground and theGradient of the Proposed Bridge

3.2.3 Design of the DykeAs the Figure 2 shows, the maximum flood level that thesite can undergo is fifty years flood. So, a dyke that canprotect the site from the fifty years flood was proposed.Bottom level of the dyke from M.S.L.= 470 mLevel of 50 years flood from M.S.L.= 474 mTherefore, required height of the dyke= (474-470) m

= 4 mSide of the dyke, which is facing to the children’s park, wasprovided with the steps. So, the parents or guardians ofchildren can be seated on those steps. A handrail wasprovided over the dyke in order to protect the people. Theouter side surface of the dyke was kept as slope. The dykewill be constructed by using 1:2:4 concrete. The crosssection of the dyke is shown in the Fig. No. 3.3

Fig -7: The Cross Section of the Dyke

3.2.4 Design of the Drainage SystemAccording to the collected rainfall data, the month with themaximum rainfall was taken and it was assumed that rainfallwas fallen within one day.Maximum rainfall= 579.9 mm

= 0.58 mTotal area= 28330 m2

Therefore, total volume of rain water= 0.58 * 28330 m2

= 16431.4 m3

Assume the rain exists over one dayTherefore, flow rate of rain water = 16431.4 m3

24*3600= 0.19 m3/s

Assume the velocity of rainwater through the drain is 1 m/sTherefore, minimum cross sectional area of the drain= 0.19m3/s

1 m/s= 0.19

m2

Therefore, the width of the drain= 0.6 mHeight of the drain= 0.6 mDesigned cross sectional area of the drain= 0.6 * 0.6 m2

= 0.36 m2

According to the designed drain, the rainfall, which falls into the site, can be directed to the Mahaweli River, withoutany problem.

3.2.5 Design of the Cafeteria, Bookshop and theRestaurantThe cafeteria, bookshop and the restaurant are enclosed intoone building, because it is very helpful to people, those whohave accommodated in the rooms to get their meals. Inaddition, since the cafeteria is a noisy place it must beseparated from the conference hall, Information &Technology center and the technical museum. Since the topslab of the building is in a high elevation, the two watertanks were located on top of that. The heights of each floorsand the top level of the building with respect to the mean sealevel were designed as follows.

Assume;Height of the ground floor (canteen & bookshop) = 5.0 mHeight of the first floor (restaurant) = 5.0 mHeight of the second floor (restaurant) = 5.0 mHeight of the roof= 5.0 mTotal height of the building= (5.0+5.0+5.0+5.0) m

= 20.0 mBase level w.r.t. M.S.L. = 470 mTherefore, top level w.r.t. M.S.L. = (470+20) m

= 490 m

The front elevation and the end elevation of the building isshown in the Fig. No. 3.4 and Fig. No. 3.5 respectively.



Fig -8: Front Elevation

Fig -9: End Elevation

3.2.5.1 Design of the Cafeteria and the BookshopThe cafeteria was designed to provide food facilities for theparticipants of the conferences and those who are coming tovisit the museum and the Information & Technology centre.A bookshop was designed near to the cafeteria with a viewof providing souvenirs for the visitors. By considering thecomfortability of the users and with the intension ofproviding nice looking atmosphere to the accommodators,the cafeteria was located in the ground floor while the roomswere in upper floors. The plan view of the cafeteria and thebookshop is indicated in the Fig. No. 3.6

Fig -10: Plan View of the Cafeteria and Bookshop

3.2.5.2 Design of the RestaurantThe restaurant was designed in order to provide theaccommodation for the people those who are coming toconferences. In addition, the other local and foreign touristscan reserve the restaurant for their accommodation. Therestaurant is comprised with six single rooms, eighteendouble rooms, and six large rooms. Altogether, there werethirty rooms, so Environmental Impact Assessment was notrequired. Other than that, it has two common kitchens, twocommon washing rooms, two common rooms and twovisitors’ rooms as one in each floor. The arrangements of thefirst floor and the second floor of the building are same. Theplan view of such a floor is indicated in the Fig. No. 3.7.

Fig -11: Plan View of the First and Second Floor of theRestaurant

3.2.6 Design of the Information & Technology Center,Technical Museum and the Conference HallSince a calm and quiet environment is required for theInformation & Technology center, technical museum andthe conference hall they were enclosed into one building. Inorder to overcome the discomfort of the students and theother computer users, the Information & Technology centerwas located in the ground floor of the building. With theintension of providing a noiseless background for theconference hall, it was located in the top floor of thebuilding. The heights of each floors and the top level of thebuilding with respect to the mean sea level were designed asfollows.In the conference hall, the seats will be provided in step bystep in order to give a better view for those who are in backseats.Step height= 150 mmNo. of steps= 12Level at last step w.r.t. first step= 150 * 12

= 1800 mm= 1.8 m

Normal height of the conference hall= 5.0 mTherefore, required height due to steps= (5.0+1.8) m

= 6.8 m



Assume;Height of the museum= 6.0 mHeight of the IT centre= 5.2 mHeight of the roof = 6.2 mTherefore, the total height of the building=(6.8+6.0+5.2+6.2) m

= 24.2 mBase level w.r.t. M.S.L. = 472 mTherefore, top level w.r.t. M.S.L. = (472+24.2) m

= 496.2 m

The front elevation and the end elevation of the building areshown in the Fig 12 and Fig 13 respectively.

Fig -12: Front Elevation

Fig -13: End Elevation

3.2.6.1 Design of the Information & Technology CentreDesign details of the Information & Technology centre isgiven below.No. of computers= 100Area required for one computer= 1 m2

Therefore, area required for all computers= 100 m2

The plan view of the Information & Technology centre isshown in the Fig. No. 3.10.

Fig -14: Plan View of the Information & Technology Center

3.2.6.2 Design of the Technical MuseumThe technical museum was designed with the intension ofexhibiting history of engineering in Sri Lanka, thetechnological discoveries and developments in all over theof the world and inventions & projects of the engineeringundergraduate students. The design details of the technicalmuseum are given below and the plan view is indicated inthe Fig. No.3.11.

Total income per week= Rs.158, 000.00Average income per day= Rs. 158,000.00

7= Rs.22, 571.00

Assume;Average income per day= Rs. 24,000.00Assume 2/3 of income is gaining from foreign touristsTherefore, income from foreign tourist= Rs. 24,000.00 * 2

3= Rs. 16,000.00

Ticket price per foreign tourist= Rs.500.00No. of foreign tourists= Rs. 16,000.00

Rs. 500.00= 32

Income from local tourists= Rs. 24,000.003

= Rs. 8,000.00Assume half of the income is from adults and half is fromchildrenIncome from adults= Rs. 8,000.00

2= Rs. 4,000.00

Ticket price per adult= Rs. 20.00No. of adults= Rs. 4,000.00

Rs.20.00= 200

Income from children= Rs. 8,000.002



= Rs. 4,000.00Ticket price per child= Rs. 5.00No.of children= Rs. 4,000.00

Rs.5.00= 800

Total tourists= 32+200+800= 1032

Assume one person visits the museum one and half-hours,and the number of office hours per day is ten hours.Therefore, no. of slots per day= 10/1.5

= 7Therefore, no. of people at a time in the museum= 1032 / 7

= 147Design value = 150

Fig -15: Plan View of the Technical Museum

3.2.6.3 Design of the Conference HallAccording to the collected data, the average number ofpeople that could participate to a certain conference was265. Therefore, 260 seats were provided in the conferencehall. Other than that in order to show films a screen wasprovided and act dramas a stage and two dressing roomswere provided. In addition, six interpretation rooms fortranslators and an area for media were allocated. The planview of the conference hall is shown in the Fig. No. 3.12.

Fig -16: Plan View of the Conference Hall

3.2.7 Design of the Water TanksFor the Information & Technology center, TechnicalMuseum and the Conference Hall

Total number of people= 1350Per capita usage= 20 L / h / dTherefore, water demand= 1350 * 20

= 27000 L / dTotal water demand for two days storage= 27000 * 2

= 54000 L= 54 m3

Design water demand = 60 m3

For the RestaurantTotal number of people= 190Per capita usage= 200 L / h / dTherefore, water demand= 190 * 200

= 38000 L / dTotal water demand for two days storage= 38000 * 2

= 76000 L= 76 m3

Design water demand= 80 m3

Total water demand= (60+80) m3

= 140 m3

In order to have two rectangular water tanks with thedimensions of 6m * 6 mRequired height of the water tank= 140 m3

2 * 6 * 6 m2

= 2 mThese two water tanks will be constructed on the top of therestaurant building. It is shown in the Fig. No. 3.4.

3.2.8 Design of the Car ParkThe car park was designed with the intension of providingthe parking facilities for those who are visiting to theinstitute. The design details of the car park are given below.Number of PeopleFor the museum= 150For the conference hall= 300

K u m u d u V i d a n a G a m a g e

10


For the restaurant= 60

Number of VehiclesFor the museum= 16For the conference hall= 30For the restaurant= 8Total number of vehicles= 54

Calculation for the Floor AreaArea required for a car= 2.4 * 4.8 m2

No. of cars= 54Therefore, total area required= 2.4 * 4.8 * 54 m2

= 622 m2

Floor area for the access= 80 m2

Therefore, total floor area required for the car park= (622+80) m2

= 702 m2

3.2.9 Design of the Children’s ParkThe children’s park was designed with the intension ofproviding a suitable place to play for the children in thefamilies that are accommodating in the restaurant and visitto the site. In the middle of the park, a pond was providedand around that, the other playing instruments were located.The layout diagram of the children’s park is shown in theFig. No. 3.13

Fig -17: Layout Diagram of the Children’s Park

3.2.10 Design of Air-Conditioning SystemRequired temperature level= 20 0C – 25 0CRequired humidity level = 50% - 60%No. of air revolutions per hour= 3

Calculation for the Conference HallHeat generated from a person= 650 B.T.U. / hrNo. of people= 300Heat generated from people= 650 * 300 B.T.U. / hr

= 195, 000 B.T.U. / hrHeat generated from lights= 8532 W

= 8532 * 3.415= 29, 136.78 B.T.U. / hr

Required air content= 195,000 + 29,136.7873.4 * 3 * 0.019

= 53,573.00 ft3 / hr

Cooling load= 634, 500 * 300500

= 380, 700 B.T.U. / hr

Calculation for the Information Technology Centre

Heat generated from a person= 650 B.T.U. / hrNo. of people= 100Heat generated from people= 650 * 100 B.T.U. / hr

= 65, 000 B.T.U. / hrHeat generated from light facilities= 8532 W

= 8532 * 3.415= 29, 136.78 B.T.U.

/ hrHeat generated from a computer= 2500 B.T.U. / hrNo. of computers= 100Heat generated from computers= 2500 * 100 B.T.U. / hr

= 250, 000 B.T.U. / hrRequired air content= 65, 000+29,136.78+250,000

73.4 * 3 * 0.019= 82,255.00 ft3 / hr

Cooling load= 634, 500 * 400500

= 507, 600 B.T.U. / hr

Table -6: Details of Air-conditioning

VenueAir Flow Rate

(ft3 / hr)Cooling Load(B.T.U./ hr)

ConferenceHall

53,573.00 380,700

IT Centre 82,255.00 507,600

3.2.11 Design of Fire PrecautionsWeight of a cylinder= 4.5 kgAssume;

One cylinder can use to protect 75 people

For the Conference HallNo. of people in the conference hall = 300Required No. of cylinders = 300 / 75

= 04For the Information & Technology CenterNo. of people in the IT center = 100Required No. of cylinders = 100 / 75

= 02For the Technical MuseumNo. of people at one time = 150Required No. of cylinders = 150 / 75

= 02For the Cafeteria & BookshopNo. of people at one time = 125Required No. of cylinders = 125 / 70

= 02For the RestaurantNo. of people at one time in one floor = 30

Required No. of cylinders for one floor = 30 / 70= 01

Required No. of cylinders for both floors = 02


11


Total number of cylinders required = 12

3.3 COST ESTIMATIONCost for each and every item was calculated and the totalproject cost was evaluated.

Table -7: Cost EstimationItem Amount (Rupees)

01. Mobilization andDemobilization

500,000.00

02. Earthwork 210,700.0003. Concrete work 24,486,110.0004. Masonry Work 924,200.0005. Water Proofing 178,100.0006. Plumbing 1,250,000.0007. Electrical Installations 5,720,000.0008. Floor and WallFinishes

70,949,685.00

09. Doors and Windows 850,000.0010. Painting 695,300.0011. Roofing 10,500,000.0012. Fire Precautions 96,000.0013. Air Conditions 115,000.0014. Furniture 2,021,000.0015. Wetland 500,000.0016. Landscaping 125,000.0017. Children’s Park 150,000.0018. Bridge 9,605,700.0019. Dyke 14,200,000.0020. Car Park and Roads 2,700,000.0021. Miscellaneous 3,000,000.00TOTAL 148,767,795.00

The total project cost is 149 Million Rupees.

4. DISCUSSION

The site is in a risk of getting flood because it is located veryclosely to the Mahaweli river. Therefore, a dyke wasproposed in order to protect the site from the flood. Otherthan that, the inner side of the dyke was provided with stepshaving the intension of providing seating facilities for thosewho are watching the children’s park. Nevertheless, this isvery costly structure and it interrupts the natural beauty ofthe surrounding, because people cannot see the riverside

directly. However, this effect is minimized, because of thatsteps are provided in the dyke.

Since it is hard to find a conference hall within the Kandyregion, it is very vital to have a conference hall in thepremises. In addition, this can be used as a meeting place forprofessionals to hold their meetings, discussions and toeducate people. Other than that, the outsiders could reservethis for workshops, educational programs, film festivals andstage drama. Therefore, that provides additional income forthe institute. On the other hand, the times where suchprograms are not held then no income from the hall.Nevertheless, we have to spend the maintenance cost.

The Information & Technology center provides thecomputer facilities including internet facility for theparticipants of the conferences and for the people whoaccommodated in the hotel. Therefore, people have aninterest of visiting the place again. The institute can gainincome from hiring the Information & Technology centerfor computer classes. In addition, this can be used toconduct computer educational programs for universitystudents.

Almost all the museums in Sri Lanka are historicalmuseums. So by having a technical museum peopleespecially like schoolchildren, foreign and local tourists canbe attracted to the premises. Therefore, the institute can havea better income. This is very helpful to people those who arelearning about history of the discoveries and currentdevelopments in engineering in Sri Lanka and all over theworld. In addition, the engineering students have a chance toexhibit there new inventions in the area allocated for them.Therefore, they may have opportunities from theparticipants for conferences.

Since it is hard to find a better place for accommodatewithin the Peradeniya region people can be attracted to thepremises by having a good quality restaurant. Theparticipants for conferences and their family members canget accommodation facilities near to the conference hall.Therefore, that is very useful for them. The institute canhave an additional income by providing the accommodationfacilities for the people those who are traveling trips.

The children’s’ park provide a good place for playing for thechildren of the families those who are accommodating in therestaurant.


12


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to make my gratitude to my projectsupervisors Dr. K.P.P. Pathirana, Dr. L.C. Kurukulasooriyaand Dr. A.L.M. Mauroof for giving me the opportunity tocarry out a project under their supervision and also for thetrustiness that I can do this type of project. In addition totheir guidance; valuable advices and constantencouragement were invaluable.

Then I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr.A.G.H.J. Edirisinghe in faculty of engineering inPeradeniya, the Director of the Natural Resources andManagement Centre (NRMC) of Peradeniya, the Director ofthe Kandy national museum and all the staff members of theInformation and Technology Center (ITC) of university of

Peradeniya, staff of the Peradeniya botanical garden and allthe staff in hotels and restaurants within Kandy who haveextended their helping hands to gather the requiredinformation.

Further, I appreciate again the guidance of Dr. L.C.Kurukulasooriya as the overall course coordinator, and Ithank to all the lecturers of the faculty of engineering,university of Peradeniya for guiding me towards the successduring last four years.Finally, I would like to thank all the personals thathelped me in various ways to make this project asuccess.

REFERENCES[1] Project Report Flood plain analysis at a proposed

construction site, (Project No. C/98/20) by Mr. S.Mahinthan and Mr. A. J. Vasantharaj (1997/98)

[2] Metcalf & Eddy, Inc, “Wastewater Engineering,Treatment, Disposal and Reuse”, McGraw-Hill Inc.

[3] I.D. Eastop and J.M. Gasiorek, “Air ConditioningThrough Worked Examples”, Longmans, Green & Co.Ltd.

[4] Oscar Faber and J.R. Kell, “Heating and Air-Conditioning of Buildings”, Second Edition, TheArchitectural Press.

BIOGRAPHIES

Kumudu Vidana Gamage ispresently pursuing her Masterof Philosophy degree in CivilEngineering at CurtinUniversity, Western Australia.She has earned her bachelor ofEngineering degree fromUniversity of Peradeniya, SriLanka and carried out thisproject as a fulfillment of herdegree.

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