February 22, 2010

Addressing Food Security in Bangladesh:Role of MOFDM and FPMU

Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU)Food Division

Ministry of Food and Disaster Management

Presentation to Cambodian Food Security Team

Background: Food SecurityBackground: Food SecurityNear self-sufficiency in rice: production tripled

since 1971, but deficit in wheatSignificant growth of production of

vegetables, fruits, fish, meat and egg, still below requirement

Dwindling production of pulses and oilseeds Improving nutritional status, but still high

level of malnutrition among children and women

~30% of the population calorie poor, ~37 % income poor

Background : Food SecurityBackground : Food SecurityPersistent challenges

decreasing land, environmental (soil) degradation, increasing population, household level food insecurity, widening consumption & income inequality

Emerging challenges Climate change impacts

• Salinity increase and submergence in the south and south-west

• Uneven temperature stresses and rain fall• Drought in the north and north-west• Increased frequency/intensity of natural disasters

World food market volatility/uncertaintyWorld economic recession

Background: Role of the Govt.Background: Role of the Govt.

Responsibility of the state under Bangladesh Constitution (art 15 & 18): ensure food, health and nutrition

Rules of Business of the Government Allocation of Business to Ministries & Divisions Policy framework:

National Food Policy 2006National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015) PRSP-IIOther policies

Institutional HierarchyInstitutional Hierarchy

Cabinet: headed by the Honorable PM Ministries and Divisions Agencies Regions, District and Upazila (Sub-district)

offices Local Government Institutions at the root

(Upazila parishad, Union Parishad)

command

info

Govt. stakeholders/partnersGovt. stakeholders/partners

Food Availability: Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Food & DM, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock; Agencies-DAE, DGF, DOL, DOF etc.

Access to Food: Ministry of Food & DM Ministry of LGRD&C Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Women & Children Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Social Welfare; Agencies: DGF, DRR, LGRD & RD , DOWCA etc.

Nutrition: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ministry of Food & DM, Ministry of Industries, Ministry of LGRD&C; Agencies: BNNC, BBF, DGH, BSTI, IPHN, IPH, DPHE etc.

Role of MOFDMRole of MOFDM

Policy, regulatory and coordinating role

Ensuring Food securityDisaster risk reduction

Role of MOFDM: improving Role of MOFDM: improving access and availabilityaccess and availability

Guide (design, implement, monitor and evaluate) safety net programs

Guide Public Food Distribution SystemMaintain Public Stock: over 1.3 million MTPublic Procurement of food grain-domestic &

international: (1.6+1.0) = 2.6 million MTStabilize market prices: Domestic procurement

and Open Market Sale Mobilize financial resources; Manage human

resources Monitoring and evaluation, analysis and research

Role of MOFDM: safety net programsRole of MOFDM: safety net programs

Types of social safety net programs: Cash Transfer (Allowances) Program (e.g. GR cash) Cash Transfer (Special) Program (e.g. Cash For Work, Housing support, Fund for disaster risk reduction)Food Security Programs (e.g. Vulnerable Group Dev., Vulnerable Group Feeding, Test relief, Gratuitous Relief, Food For Works)Tied Micro-Credit Programs (e.g. VGD)Employment gen prog. for hard core poor

Major criteria:

i) income/asset criteria; ii) occupational criteria; iii) ethnic criteria; iv) gender and children criteria; and v) regional disparity criteria

Role of MOFDM: safety net programsRole of MOFDM: safety net programs

Extended budget:about 2.8 % of the GDP & 16.94% of public expenditure (Source: PRSP-II)2.67 million tons of foodgrain allocated for 2009-10

Shift in approach:

charity to development

More targeted

Public food distribution over the years

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1997

/98

1998

/99

1999

/00

2000

/01

2001

/02

2002

/03

2003

/04

2004

/05

2005

/06

2006

/07

2007

/08

Fiscal year

Qty

. (0

00

MT

)

Monetized Non Monetized Total

Role of MOFDM: safety net programsRole of MOFDM: safety net programs

Participants’ Perception about assistance in percent (Khan et al, 2006)

  Lowest 10%

Lowest Quintile

2nd Quintile

3rd Quintile

4th Quintile

Top Quintile

Total

Very Helpful

60.5 56.1 56.7 59.2 63.6 50.4 57.6

Moderately Helpful

33.8 37.3 34.1 30.9 26.5 31.5 33.3

Slightly Helpful

5.8 6.6 8.3 9.1 8.9 18.1 8.5

Not Helpful

0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.0 0.5

**Immediate economic improvement effects; ***development effects; ***empowerment impacts

Issues and challenges of SSNPs

• Fiscal Constraints: Dwindling food aid/unpredictability/delay in aid arrival, Inadequate storage facilities in PFDS, Insufficient resources to import from own resources, Limited Coverage, Inadequacy of the Amount of Transfers

• Institutional Constraints: Absence of Integrated National SSN Policy, Gender specific risks and insecurity in the labour market; Targeting and leakages

• Information Constraints: Missing Poor and New Vulnerabilities; Insensitivity to Geographic and Agro-Ecology Specific Poverty

MOFDM hierarchyMOFDM hierarchy

Honorable Minister

Secy, Food divn Secy, DM divn.

•Admin. Wing

•Food Wing (2)

•FPMU

• Admin. Wing• Relief & DM

Wing (2)

DGF DRR, DMB

Attached Departments

Role of FPMU……Role of FPMU…… Established in 1980 at the Planning Commission, now

a wing of MOFDM Serve as the policy analysis support unit of MOFDM:

Production and Early Warning; Market Monitoring and Government Food

Operation Planning; Policy Advisory Research and Food Security Consumption and Nutrition

Analysis Provide secretarial functions to Food Planning &

Monitoring Committee (FPMC) NFP-POA implementation monitoring

Role of FPMURole of FPMU Implement relevant decisions by Cabinet Division

or other authority in respect of food policy.Forecast/provide “Early Warning” on food

situation based on analysis of (primary and) secondary information.

Formulate food security policies; monitor implementation

Conduct field study and research on all aspects of food policy, e.g. subsidy, marketing, pricing and distribution policies etc

Publish bulletins/reports: daily/fortnightly/monthly/quarterly/research-study reports related to food security

RoleRole of FPMU in Bangladesh Food Policyof FPMU in Bangladesh Food Policy

Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC)

Policy Adv. Research and Statistical Analysis

Production and Early Warning Service

Market Monitoring and Government Food Operation

Food Security Consumption and Nutrition Analysis

Director General, FPMU

Secretary, Food

Honorable Minister

Organogram of FPMUOrganogram of FPMU

Director General

Research Director

(PCRSA)

Research Director (PMEW)

Research Director (FSCN)

Research Director (MMGFM)

Assoc. Director

Assoc Director

Assoc.Director

Assoc.Director

Assoc.Director

Research Officer

Research Officer

Assoc.Director

Research Officer

Research Investigator

Research Officer

Research Officer

Research Officer

Interministerial CommitteesInterministerial Committees

Food Planning and Monitoring Committee

Early Warning Technical Committee

Food Security, Consumption and Nutrition Technical Committee

Safety Net Monitoring CommitteeFood Policy Working GroupThematic Teams (4)

Food Planning and Monitoring CommitteeFood Planning and Monitoring Committee

Honorable Minister, MOFDM - Chairman

Honorable Minister, Finance -Member

Honorable Minister, LGRD -Member

Honorable Minister, Agriculture -Member

Cabinet Secretary -Member

Secretary, Agriculture -Member

Secretary, Finance -Member

Secretary, Planning -Member

Secretary, IRD -Member

Secretary, MOFDM -Member

DG, FPMU -Member-secretary

Working Linkages of FPMUWorking Linkages of FPMU

MOFDM

Regional/Inter-Governmental Orge.g. SAARC

Cabinet Division

FPMC

Dev. Partners UN-FAO, WFP; WB, ADB, EC, USAID etc

FPMU11 Ministries: MOA, MOFL, MOF, MOLGRD, Planning, MOHFW, MOWCA,MOSW, MOWR, MOEF, etc

GOB AgenciesDGF, DMB, DRR, DAE, BBS, DWCA, DSW, BNNC, SPARSO, DGH, etc

Civil Society

Research OrgGOB (BARC, BRRI, BARI), Universities (INFS), International (IFPRI), Non-Governmental

Sources and InformationSources and Information DGF : Public Procurement, Distribution, Commercial

import, Stock, Market price. DRR, DMB : Disaster Interventions WFP, DEV. PARTNERS: Food Aid, Intl food situation MOA : Fertilizer prices, production, area, yield, etc MO Finance: Food budget, Macro indices DAE : Area of cultivation, Yield, Production, tech adoptn. BBS : Production, Yield, Population, Consumption, Poverty, irrigation data DAM : Market prices BMD : Weather- Rainfall, Temp, Sunshine WDB : Irrigation data, flood situation SPARSO : Area of cultivation, Yield, Production FAO : World cereal production, Prices SAARC : Regional Food Production, Stock, Management,

Safety Standards etc.

FPMU reportsFPMU reports

Daily Food Situation Fortnightly Foodgrain Outlook (English & Bengali)Fortnightly Food Scenario Monthly Early Warning Quarterly Food SituationYearly food situation database pocket bookField production monitoring report (RRA)Food consumption and nutrition monitoring report (RRA)NFP-POA monitoring report

Strengthening of FPMU-ongoing Strengthening of FPMU-ongoing initiativesinitiatives

Training programs to raise efficiency of the professional staffsComputer aided analysis/tools Communication and IT staffsElectronic databasePhysical library/Virtual libraryReduction of dependency on secondary data Increased field study and research works

Under NFPCSP

ConclusionConclusion

Analyzing food security policies has been an increasingly complex task

Need adaptive capacity to execute the tasks properly

Exchange and visits and building networks across countries and regions, among others, are important steps

Thank you allThank you all