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Chapter 10XX:Chapter 10XX:

PM Emissions from Arable AgriculturePM Emissions from Arable Agriculture

1 Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Institute for Technology and

Biosystems Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany2 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven,The Netherlands

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Torsten Hinz1 and Klaas van der Hoek2

UNECE Task Force on Emission Inventories and UNECE Task Force on Emission Inventories and

Projections, Agriculture and Nature PanelProjections, Agriculture and Nature Panel

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Draft review (Segovia 2005)

Only few but critical comments

Leading co-author found, Klaas van der Hoek

Agreement on the chapter’s content in Vienna 2006 (IIASA)

Problems to find reliable data for EF

Main sources are combine harvester and tractors with

machinery during soil cultivation

Agriculture and Nature PanelAgriculture and Nature Panel

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Measuring Dust Emission of a Self Propelled Combine Harvester

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h = 2 m c mg/m3

area [104 m2]

balance volume V = 2 ·104 m3

EF10 = c · V · n

(n = annual repetitions)

EF10 for Soil Cultivation: Layer Model

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balancing areawind speed

EF10 = c · A · w · t

EF10 for Soil Cultivation: Plume Model

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Some emission data, but how much PM10 will actuallyleave the agricultural field?

Kg PM10 per ha arable land

IIASA IR 02-076 0.1UK ASAE 02-4217 0.5

California Air Resources Board soil cultivation 7Idem wheat combining 5.8German research soil cultivation 1.1Idem harvest operations 5.2

NL harvest operations 0.2

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EPA formula for emissions from agricultural crop tilling

E = c * k * s0.6 * p * a

E = PM emissions in pounds/yearC = 4.8 lbs/acre tillingK = 0.21 for PM10 and K = 0.042 for PM2.5

S = mass fraction < 0.75 um in soil layer 0-10 cmP = nummer of tillings/passes in a yearA = acres of land tilled for each crop type

1 lbs/acre = 1 kg/hectare