fedora 19 installation guide en us

Fedora 19

Installation GuideInstalling Fedora 19 on x86, AMD64, and Intel 64

architecturesEdition 1

Fedora Documentat ion Project

Legal NoticeCopyright 2013 Red Hat, Inc. and o thers.The text o f and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hatunder a Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 Unportedlicense ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation o f CC-BY-SA is available athttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors o fthis document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Pro ject as the"Attribution Party" fo r purposes o f CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation o f it, you mustprovide the URL for the original version.Red Hat, as the licensor o f this document, waives the right to enforce,and agrees not to assert, Section 4d o f CC-BY-SA to the fullest extentpermitted by applicable law.Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss,MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks o f RedHat, Inc., registered in the United States and o ther countries.For guidelines on the permitted uses o f the Fedora trademarks, refer tohttps://fedorapro ject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines.Linux is the registered trademark o f Linus Torvalds in the UnitedStates and o ther countries.Java is a registered trademark o f Oracle and/or its affiliates.XFS is a trademark o f Silicon Graphics International Corp. or itssubsidiaries in the United States and/or o ther countries.MySQL is a registered trademark o f MySQL AB in the United States,the European Union and o ther countries.All o ther trademarks are the property o f their respective owners.

AbstractProvides documentation for the installation process.

Preface

1. Document Conventions

1.1. Typographic Conventions1.2. Pull-quote Conventions1.3. Notes and Warnings

2. We Need Feedback!3. Acknowledgments

Introduction

2 Installation Guide

1. Background

1.1. About Fedora1.2. Getting Additional Help

2. About This Document

2.1. Goals2.2. Audience

1. Quick Start fo r Experts

1.1. Overview1.2. Download Files1.3. Prepare for Installation1.4. Install Fedora

2. Obtaining Fedora

2.1. Downloading Fedora

2.1.1. How Do I Download Installation Files?2.1.2. Which Architecture Is My Computer?2.1.3. Which Files Do I Download?

2.2. Obtaining Fedora on CD or DVD

3. Making Media

3.1. Making an installation DVD3.2. Preparing a USB flash drive as an installation source

3.2.1. Making Fedora USB Media on a Windows Operating System3.2.2. Making Fedora USB Media in UNIX, Linux, and SimilarOperating Systems

3.3. Making Minimal Boot Media

I. Installation and Booting

4. Planning for Installation on the x86 Architecture

4.1. Upgrade or Install?4.2. Is Your Hardware Compatible?4.3. RAID and Other Disk Devices

4.3.1. Hardware RAID4.3.2. Software RAID4.3.3. FireWire and USB Disks

4.4. Do You Have Enough Disk Space?4.5. Selecting an Installation Method4.6. Choose a boot method

5. Preparing for Installation

5.1. Preparing for a Network Installation

5.1.1. Preparing for FTP and HTTP installation5.1.2. Preparing for an NFS installation

5.2. Preparing for a Hard Drive Installation

6. System Specifications List

7. Booting the Installer

7.1. Starting the Installation Program

7.1.1. Booting the Installation Program on x86, AMD64, and Intel64 Systems7.1.2. The Boot Menu7.1.3. Additional Boot Options

7.2. Booting from the Network using PXE

8. Configuring Installation Source

8.1. Installation Method

8.1.1. Installing from DVD8.1.2. Installing from a Hard Drive8.1.3. Installing via NFS8.1.4. Installing via FTP or HTTP

9. Using the Fedora installer

9.1. The Text Mode Installation Program User Interface

9.1.1. Using the Keyboard to Navigate

9.2. The Graphical Installation Program User Interface

9.2.1. Screenshots during installation9.2.2. A Note about Virtual Conso les

Fedora 19 Installation Guide 3

9.3. Language Selection9.4. The Installation Summary Menu9.5. Date and time9.6. Keyboard Configuration9.7. Language Support9.8. Installation Source

9.8.1. Installing from Additional Repositories

9.9. Network Configuration

9.9.1. Edit Network Connections

9.10. Software Selection

9.10.1. Core Network Services

9.11. Storage and partitioning

9.11.1. Specialized and Networked Disks9.11.2. x86, AMD64, and Intel 64 Boot Loader Installation

9.12. Encrypt Partitions9.13. Reclaim disk space9.14. Creating a Custom Partition Layout

9.14.1. Adding and Configuring Partitions9.14.2. Create Software RAID9.14.3. Create LVM Logical Vo lume9.14.4. Create a Btrfs subvo lume9.14.5. Recommended Partitioning Scheme

9.15. Begin installation9.16. The Configuration Menu and Progress Screen

9.16.1. Set the Root Password9.16.2. User Creation

9.17. Installation Complete

9.17.1. GNOME Initial Setup9.17.2. Initial Setup in Other Desktop Environments

10. Troubleshooting Installation on an Intel o r AMD System

10.1. You are unable to boot Fedora

10.1.1. Are You Unable to Boot With Your RAID Card?10.1.2. Is Your System Displaying Signal 11 Errors?

10.2. Trouble Beginning the Installation

10.2.1. Problems with Booting into the Graphical Installation

10.3. Trouble During the Installation

10.3.1. No devices found to install Fedora ErrorMessage10.3.2. Reporting traceback messages10.3.3. Trouble with Partition Tables10.3.4. Using Remaining Space10.3.5. Other Partitioning Problems

10.4. Problems After Installation

10.4.1. Trouble With the Graphical GRUB Screen on an x86-based System?10.4.2. Blocked by a GRUB command line after upgrading?10.4.3. Booting into a Graphical Environment10.4.4. Problems with the X Window System (GUI)10.4.5. Problems with the X Server Crashing and Non-RootUsers10.4.6. Problems When You Try to Log In10.4.7. Is Your RAM Not Being Recognized?10.4.8. Your Printer Does Not Work10.4.9. Apache HTTP Server or Sendmail stops respondingduring startup

II. Advanced installation options

11. Boot Options

11.1. Configuring the Installation System at the Boot Menu

11.1.1. Specifying the Language11.1.2. Configuring the Interface11.1.3. Updating anaconda11.1.4. Specifying the Installation Method11.1.5. Specifying the Network Settings

11.2. Enabling Remote Access to the Installation System

11.2.1. Enabling Remote Access with VNC11.2.2. Connecting the Installation System to a VNC Listener


11.2.3. Enabling Remote Access with ssh

11.3. Logging to a Remote System During the Installation

11.3.1. Configuring a Log Server

11.4. Automating the Installation with Kickstart11.5. Enhancing Hardware Support

11.5.1. Overriding Automatic Hardware Detection

11.6. Using the Maintenance Boot Modes

11.6.1. Loading the Memory (RAM) Testing Mode11.6.2. Verifying boot media11.6.3. Booting Your Computer with the Rescue Mode

12. Installing Without Media

12.1. Retrieving Boot Files12.2. Editing the GRUB Configuration12.3. Booting to Installation

13. Setting Up an Installation Server

13.1. Setting Up cobbler13.2. Setting Up the Distribution13.3. Mirroring a Network Location13.4. Importing the Distribution13.5. Manually configure a PXE server

13.5.1. Setting up the Network Server13.5.2. PXE Boot Configuration13.5.3. Starting the tftp Server13.5.4. Adding a Custom Boot Message13.5.5. Performing the PXE Installation

14. Installing Through VNC

14.1. VNC Viewer14.2. VNC Modes in Anaconda

14.2.1. Direct Mode14.2.2. Connect Mode

14.3. Installation Using VNC

14.3.1. Installation Example14.3.2. Kickstart Considerations14.3.3. Firewall Considerations

14.4. References

15. Kickstart Installations

15.1. What are Kickstart Installations?15.2. How Do You Perform a Kickstart Installation?15.3. Creating the Kickstart File15.4. Kickstart Options

15.4.1. Advanced Partitioning Example

15.5. Package Selection15.6. Pre-installation Script

15.6.1. Example

15.7. Post-installation Script

15.7.1. Example

15.8. Making the Kickstart File Available

15.8.1. Creating Kickstart Boot Media15.8.2. Making the Kickstart File Available on the Network

15.9. Making the Installation Tree Available15.10. Starting a Kickstart Installation

16. Kickstart Configurator

16.1. Basic Configuration16.2. Installation Method16.3. Boot Loader Options16.4. Partition Information

16.4.1. Creating Partitions

16.5. Network Configuration16.6. Authentication16.7. Firewall Configuration

16.7.1. SELinux Configuration

16.8. Display Configuration16.9. Package Selection


16.10. Pre-Installation Script16.11. Post-Installation Script

16.11.1. Chroot Environment16.11.2. Use an Interpreter

16.12. Saving the File

III. After installation

17. Your Next Steps

17.1. Updating Your System17.2. Finishing an Upgrade17.3. Switching to a Graphical Login

17.3.1. Enabling Access to Software Repositories from theCommand Line

17.4. Subscribing to Fedora Announcements and News17.5. Finding Documentation and Support17.6. Jo ining the Fedora Community

18. Upgrading Your Current System

18.1. Determining Whether to Upgrade or Re-Install18.2. Upgrading Your System

19. Removing Fedora

19.1. Fedora is the only operating system on the computer19.2. Your computer dual-boots Fedora and another operatingsystem

19.2.1. Your computer dual-boots Fedora and a MicrosoftWindows operating system19.2.2. Your computer dual-boots Fedora and Mac OS X19.2.3. Your computer dual-boots Fedora and a different Linuxdistribution

19.3. Replacing Fedora with MS-DOS or legacy versions o fMicrosoft Windows

IV. Technical appendixes

A. An Introduction to Disk Partitions

A.1. Hard Disk Basic Concepts

A.1.1. It is Not What You Write, it is How You Write ItA.1.2. Partitions: Turning One Drive Into ManyA.1.3. Partitions within Partitions An Overview of ExtendedPartitionsA.1.4. Making Room For FedoraA.1.5. Partition Naming SchemeA.1.6. Disk Partitions and Other Operating SystemsA.1.7. Disk Partitions and Mount Po intsA.1.8. How Many Partitions?

B. ISCSI disks

B.1. iSCSI disks in anacondaB.2. iSCSI disks during start up

C. Disk Encryption

C.1. What is block device encryption?C.2. Encrypting block devices using dm-crypt/LUKS

C.2.1. Overview of LUKSC.2.2. How will I access the encrypted devices after installation?(System Startup)C.2.3. Choosing a Good Passphrase

C.3. Creating Encrypted Block Devices in Anaconda

C.3.1. What Kinds o f Block Devices Can Be Encrypted?C.3.2. Saving PassphrasesC.3.3. Creating and Saving Backup Passphrases

C.4. Creating Encrypted Block Devices on the Installed SystemAfter Installation

C.4.1. Create the block devicesC.4.2. Optional: Fill the device with random dataC.4.3. Format the device as a dm-crypt/LUKS encrypted deviceC.4.4. Create a mapping to allow access to the device'sdecrypted contentsC.4.5. Create filesystems on the mapped device, or continue tobuild complex storage structures using the mapped deviceC.4.6. Add the mapping information to /etc/crypttabC.4.7. Add an entry to /etc/fstab

C.5. Common Post-Installation Tasks


C.5.1. Set a randomly generated key as an additional way toaccess an encrypted block deviceC.5.2. Add a new passphrase to an existing deviceC.5.3. Remove a passphrase or key from a device

D. Understanding LVM

E. The GRUB Boot Loader

E.1. Boot Loaders and System ArchitectureE.2. GRUB

E.2.1. GRUB and the boot process on BIOS-based x86systemsE.2.2. GRUB and the boot process on UEFI-based x86 systemsE.2.3. Features o f GRUB

E.3. Installing GRUBE.4. GRUB Termino logy

E.4.1. Device NamesE.4.2. File Names and BlocklistsE.4.3. The Root File System and GRUB

E.5. GRUB Interfaces

E.5.1. Interfaces Load Order

E.6. GRUB CommandsE.7. GRUB Menu Configuration File

E.7.1. Configuration File StructureE.7.2. Configuration File Directives

E.8. Changing Target Environment at Boot TimeE.9. Additional Resources

E.9.1. Installed DocumentationE.9.2. Useful Websites

F. Boot Process, Init, and Shutdown

F.1. The Boot ProcessF.2. A Detailed Look at the Boot Process

F.2.1. The firmware interfaceF.2.2. UEFI-based x86 systems

F.3. The Boot Loader

F.3.1. The GRUB2 boot loader fo r x86 systemsF.3.2. Boot Loaders for Other Architectures

F.4. The KernelF.5. Booting with systemdF.6. systemd unitsF.7. systemd targetsF.8. Running Additional Programs at Boot TimeF.9. Administering services with systemd

F.9.1. Checking up on servicesF.9.2. Starting and stopping servicesF.9.3. Running services automaticallyF.9.4. Killing and Masking servicesF.9.5. Getting more from systemd

G. Logging the Installation

G.1. Log files and formats

G.1.1. Logging on the installed system

G.2. Remote logging with rsyslogG.3. Remote logging via virtio

G.3.1. virtio logging with virt-installG.3.2. Adding a virtio log channel with virsh editG.3.3. Listening for virtio logs

H. Other Technical Documentation

I. Contributors and production methods

I.1. ContributorsI.2. Production methods

J. Revision History

Index


Preface1. Document ConventionsThis manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words andphrases and draw attention to specific pieces o f information.In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from theLiberation Fonts set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTMLeditions if the set is installed on your system. If no t, alternative butequivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.

1.1. Typographic ConventionsFour typographic conventions are used to call attention to specificwords and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances theyapply to , are as fo llows.Mono-spaced Bold

Used to highlight system input, including shell commands, file namesand paths. Also used to highlight keycaps and key combinations. Forexample:

To see the contents o f the file my_next_bestselling_novel in your current workingdirectory, enter the cat my_next_bestselling_novelcommand at the shell prompt and press Enter to executethe command.

The above includes a file name, a shell command and a keycap, allpresented in mono-spaced bo ld and all distinguishable thanks tocontext.Key combinations can be distinguished from keycaps by the hyphenconnecting each part o f a key combination. For example:

Press Enter to execute the command.

Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to switch to the first virtual terminal.Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to return to your X-Windowssession.

The first paragraph highlights the particular keycap to press. The secondhighlights two key combinations (each a set o f three keycaps with eachset pressed simultaneously).If source code is discussed, class names, methods, functions, variablenames and returned values mentioned within a paragraph will bepresented as above, in mono-spaced bold. For example:

File-related classes include filesystem fo r file systems, file fo r files, and dir fo r directories. Each class has itsown associated set o f permissions.

Pro po rt io nal Bo ldThis denotes words or phrases encountered on a system, includingapplication names; dialog box text; labeled buttons; check-box andradio button labels; menu titles and sub-menu titles. For example:

Choose Syst em Preferences Mo use from themain menu bar to launch Mo use Preferences. In theButtons tab, click the Left-handed mouse check boxand click Close to switch the primary mouse button fromthe left to the right (making the mouse suitable for use inthe left hand).To insert a special character into a gedit file, chooseApplicat io ns Accesso ries Charact er Map fromthe main menu bar. Next, choose Search Find fromthe Charact er Map menu bar, type the name of thecharacter in the Search field and click Next. The characteryou sought will be highlighted in the Character Table.Double-click this highlighted character to place it in theText to copy field and then click the Copy button. Nowswitch back to your document and choose Edit Past efrom the gedit menu bar.

The above text includes application names; system-wide menu namesand items; application-specific menu names; and buttons and text foundwithin a GUI interface, all presented in proportional bo ld and alldistinguishable by context.Mono-spaced Bold Italic o r Proportional Bold Italic

Whether mono-spaced bo ld or proportional bo ld, the addition o f italicsindicates replaceable or variable text. Italics denotes text you do notinput literally or displayed text that changes depending on circumstance.For example:

8 Preface

To connect to a remote machine using ssh, type ssh [email protected] at a shell prompt. If the remotemachine is example.com and your username on thatmachine is john, type ssh [email protected].

The mount -o remount file-system commandremounts the named file system. For example, toremount the /home file system, the command is mount -o remount /home.

To see the version o f a currently installed package, usethe rpm -q package command. It will return a result asfo llows: package-version-release.

Note the words in bo ld italics above username, domain.name, file-system, package, version and release. Each word is a placeho lder,either fo r text you enter when issuing a command or fo r text displayedby the system.Aside from standard usage for presenting the title o f a work, italicsdenotes the first use o f a new and important term. For example:

Publican is a DocBook publishing system.

1.2. Pull-quote ConventionsTerminal output and source code listings are set o ff visually from thesurrounding text.Output sent to a terminal is set in mono-spaced roman and presentedthus:

books Desktop documentation drafts mss photos stuff svnbooks_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs

Source-code listings are also set in mono-spaced roman but addsyntax highlighting as fo llows:

package org.jboss.book.jca.ex1;

import javax.naming.InitialContext;

public class ExClient{ public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { InitialContext iniCtx = new InitialContext(); Object ref = iniCtx.lookup("EchoBean"); EchoHome home = (EchoHome) ref; Echo echo = home.create();

System.out.println("Created Echo");

System.out.println("Echo.echo('Hello') = " + echo.echo("Hello")); }}

1.3. Notes and WarningsFinally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information thatmight o therwise be overlooked.

NoteNotes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task athand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences,but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier.

ImportantImportant boxes detail things that are easily missed:configuration changes that only apply to the current session, orservices that need restarting before an update will apply. Ignoringa box labeled 'Important' will no t cause data loss but may causeirritation and frustration.

WarningWarnings should not be ignored. Ignoring warnings will mostlikely cause data loss.

2. We Need Feedback!If you find a typographical error in this manual, o r if you have thought o fa way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you!


Please submit a report in Bugzilla: http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/against the product Fedo ra Do cument at io n.When submitting a bug report, be sure to mention the manual'sidentifier: install-guideIf you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be asspecific as possible when describing it. If you have found an error,please include the section number and some of the surrounding text sowe can find it easily.

3. AcknowledgmentsCertain portions o f this text first appeared in the Red Hat EnterpriseLinux Installation Guide, copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and o thers,published by Red Hat at http://docs.redhat.com/docs.

IntroductionThis guide covers installation o f Fedora, a Linux distribution built on freeand open source software. This manual helps you install Fedora ondesktops, laptops, and servers. The installation system is easy to useeven if you lack previous knowledge o f Linux or computer networks. Ifyou select default options, Fedora provides a complete desktopoperating system, including productivity applications, Internet utilities,and desktop too ls.This document details the full range o f installation options, includingthose that apply only in limited or unusual circumstances. The Fedora19 Installation Quick Start Guide provides a much-abbreviated set o finstructions for downloading Fedora, creating an installation disc, andinstalling Fedora on a typical desktop or laptop computer. The Fedora19 Installation Quick Start Guide is available fromhttps://docs.fedorapro ject.org/en-US/Fedora/19/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html.

1. Background

1.1. About FedoraTo find out more about Fedora, refer to http://fedorapro ject.org/. To readother documentation on Fedora related topics, refer tohttp://docs.fedorapro ject.org/.

1.2. Gett ing Addit ional HelpFor information on additional help resources for Fedora, visithttp://fedorapro ject.org/wiki/Communicate.

2. About This Document

2.1. GoalsThis guide helps a reader:

1. Understand how to locate the Fedora distribution online2. Create configuration data that allows a computer to boot Fedora3. Understand and interact with the Fedora installation program4. Complete basic post-installation configuration o f a Fedora

system

Other Sources of DocumentationThis guide does not cover use o f Fedora. To learn how to use aninstalled Fedora system, refer to http://docs.fedorapro ject.org/ fo ro ther documentation.

2.2. AudienceThis guide is intended for Fedora users o f all levels o f experience.However, it treats the installation process and its many options in fargreater detail than most novice users are likely to require. You do notneed to read and understand this entire document to install Fedora on acomputer. This document is most likely to help experienced usersperform advanced and unusual installations.

10 Introduction

Chapter 1. Quick Startfor Experts1.1. Overview

1.2. Download Files

1.3. Prepare for Installation

1.4. Install Fedora

This section o ffers a very brief overview of installation tasks forexperienced readers who are eager to get started. Note that manyexplanatory notes and helpful hints appear in the fo llowing chapters o fthis guide. If an issue arises during the installation process, consult theappropriate chapters in the full guide for help.

Experts OnlyThis section is intended only fo r experts. Other readers may notbe familiar with some of the terms in this section, and shouldmove on to Chapter 2, Obtaining Fedora instead.

1.1. OverviewThe installation procedure is fairly simple, and consists o f only a fewsteps:

1. Download files to make media or another bootableconfiguration.

2. Prepare system for installation.3. Boot the computer and run the installation process.4. Reboot and perform post-installation configuration.

1.2. Download FilesDo any one o f the fo llowing:

Verify your downloadsDownloads may fail fo r any number o f reasons. Always verify thesha256sum of the downloaded files.

1. Download the ISO image for a Live image. Create CD mediafrom the ISO file using your preferred application. You may alsouse the livecd-tools package to write the image to o ther bootablemedia such as a USB flash disk. To install the distribution to yourhard disk, use the shortcut on the desktop after you log in.

2. Download the ISO images for the full distribution on DVD. CreateDVD media from the ISO files using your preferred application, orput the images on a Windows FAT32 or Linux ext2, ext3, or ext4partition.

3. Download the netinst.iso image for a minimal boot CD orUSB flash drive. Write the image to the approriate physical mediato create bootable media. The boot media contains no packagesbut must be po inted at a hard disk or online repository tocomplete the installation.

4. Download the vmlinuz kernel file and the initrd.img ramdiskimage from the distribution's isolinux/ directory. Configureyour operating system to boot the kernel and load the ramdiskimage. For further information on installation without media, referto Chapter 12, Installing Without Media.For information on setting up a network boot server from whichyou can install Fedora, refer to Chapter 13, Setting Up anInstallation Server.

To learn how to turn ISO images into CD or DVD media, refer to MakingFedora Discs available from http://docs.fedorapro ject.org/readme-burning-isos/.

1.3. Prepare for InstallationBack up any user data you need to preserve.

Resizing PartitionsThe installation program provides functions for resizing ext2,ext3, ext4, and NTFS formatted partitions. Refer to Section 9.14,Creating a Custom Partition Layout fo r more information.


1.4. Install FedoraBoot from the desired media, with any options appropriate for yourhardware and installation mode. Refer to Chapter 11, Boot Options fo rmore information about boot options. If you boot from the Live CD,select the Install to Hard Disk option from the desktop to run theinstallation program. (Alternatively, the option can be found inApplicat io ns Syst em T o o ls.) If you boot from minimal media or adownloaded kernel, select a network or hard disk resource from whichto install.Proceed through all the steps o f the installation program. Theinstallation program does not change your system until you make afinal confirmation to proceed. When installation is finished, reboot yoursystem.

12 Chapter 1. Quick Start for Experts

Chapter 2. ObtainingFedora2.1. Downloading Fedora

2.1.1. How Do I Download Installation Files?2.1.2. Which Architecture Is My Computer?2.1.3. Which Files Do I Download?

2.2. Obtaining Fedora on CD or DVD

This chapter explains how to get the files you need to install and runFedora on your computer. Concepts in this chapter may be new,especially if this is your first free and open source operating system. Ifyou have any trouble with this chapter, find help by visiting the FedoraForums at http://www.fedoraforum.org/.The Fedora Pro ject distributes Fedora in many ways, mostly free o f costand downloaded over the Internet. The most common distributionmethod is CD and DVD media. There are several types o f CD and DVDmedia available, including:

A full set o f the software on DVD mediaLive images you can use to try Fedora, and then install to yoursystem if you so chooseReduced-size bootable CD and USB flash disk images you can useto install over an Internet connectionSource code on DVD media

Most users want the Fedora Live image or the full set o f installablesoftware on DVD. The reduced bootable images are suitable for usewith a fast Internet connection and install Fedora on one computer.Source code discs are not used for installing Fedora, but are resourcesfor experienced users and software developers.Users with a broadband Internet connection can download ISO imagesof CD and DVD media or images o f USB flash disks. An ISO image is acopy o f an entire disc in a format suitable for writing directly to a CD orDVD. A USB flash disk image is a copy o f an entire disk in a formatsuitable for writing directly to a USB flash disk.For more information on burning CDs and DVDs, refer to Chapter 3,Making Media.If downloading the Fedora ISO images and burning them to CD or DVDis impossible or impractical fo r you, refer to Section 2.2, ObtainingFedora on CD or DVD to learn about o ther ways that you can obtainFedora.

2.1. Downloading Fedora

2.1.1. How Do I Download Installat ion Files?Download Links

To fo llow a Web-based guide to downloading, visithttp://get.fedorapro ject.org/. For guidance on which architecture todownload, refer to Section 2.1.2, Which Architecture Is MyComputer?.

Fedora software is available for download at no cost in a variety o fways.

2.1.1.1. From a MirrorThe Fedora installation files are freely available from web serverslocated in many parts o f the world. These servers mirror the filesavailable from the Fedora Pro ject. If you visithttp://download.fedorapro ject.org/, you are redirected to a mirror, basedon a calculation o f which mirror is likely to o ffer you the best downloadspeed. Alternatively, you can choose a mirror from the list maintained athttp://mirrors.fedorapro ject.org/publiclist. This page lists mirrorsaccording to geographic location. The mirrors geographically closest toyou are likely to provide you with the fastest downloads. If the companyor organization that provides your internet access maintains a mirror,this mirror is likely to provide you with the fastest downloads o f all.Mirrors publish Fedora software under a well-o rganized hierarchy o ffo lders. For example, the Fedora 19 distribution normally appears in thedirectory fedora/linux/releases/19/. This directory contains afo lder fo r each architecture supported inside that fo lder, in a fo lder callediso/. For example, you can find the file fo r the DVD distribution o fFedora 19 for x86_64 at fedora/linux/releases/19/Fedora/x86_64/iso/Fedora-19-x86_64-DVD.iso.


2.1.1.2. From BitT orrentBitTorrent is a way to download information in cooperation with o thercomputers. Each computer cooperating in the group downloads piecesof the information in a particular to rrent from other peers in the group.Computers that have finished downloading all the data in a torrentremain in the swarm to seed, o r provide data to o ther peers. If youdownload using BitTorrent, as a courtesy you should seed the torrent atleast until you have uploaded the same amount o f data youdownloaded.If your computer does not have software installed for BitTorrent, visit theBitTorrent home page at http://www.bitto rrent.com/download/ todownload it. BitTorrent client so ftware is available for Windows, Mac OS,Linux, and many o ther operating systems.You do not need to find a special mirror fo r BitTorrent files. TheBitTorrent pro toco l ensures that your computer participates in a nearbygroup. To download and use the Fedora BitTorrent files, visithttp://to rrent.fedorapro ject.org/.

Minimal Boot ImagesMinimal boot CD and USB flash disk images are not availablethrough BitTorrent.

Verify your downloadOnce you have downloaded an ISO, verify it fo r security andintegrity. To fo llow a web-based guide, visithttps://fedorapro ject.org/en/verify.

2.1.2. Which Architecture Is My Computer?Releases are separated by architecture, o r type o f computer processor.Use the fo llowing table to determine the architecture o f your computeraccording to the type o f processor. Consult your manufacturer'sdocumentation for details on your processor, if necessary.T able 2.1. Pro cesso r and archit ect ure t ypes

Pro cesso r manufact urer and mo del Archit ect uret ype fo rFedo ra

Intel Atom (see note below,) Core series, Pentium4, and recent vintage Xeon; AMD Athlon, Duron,some Semprons; and o lder; VIA C3, C7

i386

Intel Atom (See note below), Core 2 series, Core iseries and Xeon; AMD: Athlon 64, Athlon II,Sempron64, Phenom series, Fusion series,Bulldozer series and Opteron; Apple MacBook,MacBook Pro, and MacBook Air

x86_64

i386 Works for Most WindowsCompatible Computers

If you are unsure what type o f processor your computer uses,choose i386.The exception is if your computer is a non-Intel based AppleMacintosh. Refer tohttp://fedorapro ject.org/wiki/Architectures/PowerPC for moreinformation on using Fedora on these systems.

Intel Atom Processor Architectures VaryThe Z Series and N200 Series Atom processors are based onthe i386 architecture. The 230 and 330 Series and the rest o f theN Series Atom processors are based on thex86_64 architecture.Refer to http://ark.intel.com/products/family/29035 for moredetails.

2.1.3. Which Files Do I Download?You have several options to download Fedora. Read the options belowto decide the best one for you.Each file available for download in a Fedora distribution includes thearchitecture type in the file name. For example, the file fo r the DVDdistribution o f Fedora 19 for x86_64 is named Fedora-19-x86_64-DVD.iso. Refer to Section 2.1.2, Which Architecture Is My Computer? ifyou are unsure o f your computer's architecture.

1. Full Dist ribut io n o n DVD

14 Chapter 2. Obtaining Fedora

If you have plenty o f time, a fast Internet connection, and wish abroader cho ice o f so ftware on the install media, download thefull DVD version. Once burned to DVD, the media is bootableand includes an installation program. The DVD version containsa mode to perform rescue operations on your Fedora system inan emergency. You can download the DVD version directly froma mirror, o r via BitTorrent.

2. Live ImageIf you want to try Fedora before you install it on your computer,download the Live image version. If your computer supportsbooting from CD or USB, you can boot the operating systemwithout making any changes to your hard disk. If you decide youlike what you see, and want to install it, select Install to Hard Drive on the desktop to copy Fedora to your hard disk(alternatively, in GNOME, a shortcut can be found in theAct ivit ies menu). You can download the Live image directlyfrom a mirror, o r using BitTorrent.For more detailed instructions on setting up a Live imageinstallation, including selecting a language for the installationprocess, refer to the Fedora Installation Quick Start Guide.

3. Minimal Bo o t MediaIf you have a fast Internet connection but do not want todownload the entire distribution, you can download a small bootimage. Fedora o ffers images for a minimal boot environment onCD. Once you boot your system with the minimal media, you caninstall Fedora directly over the Internet. Although this method stillinvo lves downloading a significant amount o f data over theInternet, it is almost always much less than the size o f the fulldistribution media. Once you have finished installation, you canadd or remove software to your system as desired.

Download SizeInstalling the default so ftware for Fedora over the Internetrequires more time than the Live image, but less time thanthe entire DVD distribution. Actual results depend on thesoftware you select and network traffic conditions.

The fo llowing table explains where to find the desired files on a mirrorsite. Replace arch with the architecture o f the computer being installed.

T able 2.2. Lo cat ing filesMediat ype

File lo cat io ns

Fulldistributionon DVD

fedora/linux/releases/19/Fedora/arch/iso/Fedora-19-arch-DVD.iso

Live image fedora/linux/releases/19/Live/arch/iso/Fedora-Live-Desktop-arch-19-1.iso, fedora/linux/releases/19/Live/arch/iso/Fedora-Live-KDE-arch-19-1.iso

MinimalCD bootmedia

fedora/linux/releases/19/Fedora/arch/iso/Fedora-19-arch-netinst.iso

2.2. Obtaining Fedora on CD or DVDIf you do not have a fast Internet connection, or if you have a problemcreating boot media, downloading may not be an option. Fedora DVDand CD distribution media is available from a number o f online sourcesaround the world at a minimal cost. Use your favorite Web searchengine to locate a vendor, o r refer tohttp://fedorapro ject.org/wiki/Distribution.


Chapter 3. MakingMedia3.1. Making an installation DVD

3.2. Preparing a USB flash drive as an installation source

3.2.1. Making Fedora USB Media on a Windows Operating System3.2.2. Making Fedora USB Media in UNIX, Linux, and SimilarOperating Systems

3.3. Making Minimal Boot Media

Use the methods described in this section to create the fo llowing typesof installation and boot media:

an installation DVDa USB flash drive to use as an installation sourcea minimal boot CD or DVD that can boot the installera USB flash drive to boot the installer

The fo llowing table indicates the types o f boot and installation mediaavailable for different architectures and notes the image file that youneed to produce the media.T able 3.1. Bo o t and inst allat io n media

Archit ect ure Inst allat io nDVD

Inst allat io nUSB flashdrive

Bo o tCD o rbo o tDVD

Bo o tUSBflashdrive

LiveimageDVDo rUSBflashdrive

BIOS-based32-bit x86

x86 DVD ISOimage file

x86 DVD ISOimage file

x86netinstISOimagefile

x86netinstISOimagefile

x86LiveISOimagefile

UEFI-based32-bit x86

Not available

BIOS-basedAMD64 andIntel 64

x86_64 DVDISO imagefile (to install64-bitoperatingsystem) orx86 DVD ISOimage file (toinstall 32-bitoperatingsystem)

x86_64 DVDISO imagefile (to install64-bitoperatingsystem) orx86 DVD ISOimage file (toinstall 32-bitoperatingsystem)

x86_64netinstISOimagefile


x86_64LiveISOimagefile

UEFI-basedAMD64 andIntel 64

x86_64 DVDISO imagefile

x86_64 DVDISO imagefile



x86_64LiveISOimagefile

3.1. Making an installation DVDYou can make an installation DVD using the disc burning software onyour computer.The exact series o f steps that produces a DVD from an ISO image filevaries greatly from computer to computer, depending on the operatingsystem and disc burning software installed. Use this procedure as ageneral guide. You might be able to omit certain steps on yourcomputer, o r might have to perform some of the steps in a differentorder from the order described here.Make sure that your disc burning software is capable o f burning discsfrom image files. Although this is true o f most disc burning software,exceptions exist.In particular, note that the disc burning feature built into Windows XP andWindows Vista cannot burn DVDs; and that earlier Windows operatingsystems did not have any disc burning capability installed by default atall. Therefore, if your computer has a Windows operating system priorto Windows 7 installed on it, you need a separate piece o f so ftware forthis task. Examples o f popular disc burning software for Windows thatyou might already have on your computer include Nero Burning ROMand Ro xio Creat o r.The Disk Ut ilit y so ftware installed by default with Mac OS X on Applecomputers has the capability to burn discs from images built into italready. Most widely-used DVD burning software for Linux, such as

16 Chapter 3. Making Media

Brasero and K3b, also includes this capability.1. Download an ISO image file o f a Fedora 19 disc as described in

Chapter 2, Obtaining Fedora.2. Insert a blank, writeable disc into your computer's disc burner.

On some computers, a window opens and displays variousoptions when you insert the disc. If you see a window like this,look for an option to launch your chosen disc burning program. Ifyou do not see an option like this, close the window and launchthe program manually.

3. Launch your disc burning program. On some computers, youcan do this by right-clicking (or contro l-clicking) on the image fileand selecting a menu option with a label likeCopy image to DVD, o r Copy CD or DVD image. Othercomputers might provide you with a menu option to launch yourchosen disc burning program, either directly or with an optionlike Open Wit h. If none o f these options are available on yourcomputer, launch the program from an icon on your desktop, in amenu o f applications such as the St art menu on Windowsoperating systems, or in the Mac Applications fo lder.

4. In your disc burning program, select the option to burn a DVDfrom an image file. For example, in Nero Burning ROM , thisoption is called Burn Image and is located on the File menu.Note that you can skip this step when using certain DVD burningsoftware; fo r example, Disk Ut ilit y on Mac OS X does notrequire it.

5. Browse to the ISO image file that you downloaded previouslyand select it fo r burning.

6. Click the button that starts the burning process.On some computers, the option to burn a disc from an ISO file isintegrated into a context menu in the file browser. For example, whenyou right-click an ISO file on a computer with a Linux or UNIX operatingsystem that runs the GNOME desktop, the Naut ilus file browserpresents you with the option to Writ e t o disk.

3.2. Preparing a USB flash drive as aninstallation source

Ensure your USB media has sufficientspace

Your USB media will need free space equal to the size o f the ISOyou obtained in Chapter 2, Obtaining Fedora. For example, a2.2GB DVD ISO will need 2.2GB of free space on the USB drive,but having slightly more free space on the drive is ideal.

Unusual USB MediaIn a few cases with oddly fo rmatted or partitioned USB media,image writing may fail.

3.2.1. Making Fedora USB Media on a WindowsOperat ing System

Note This Method Is Not DestructiveThis method is not destructive, so existing data on the media isnot harmed. Nevertheless, it is always a good idea to back upimportant data before performing sensitive disk operations.

The most straightforward way to place a Fedora image on USB mediausing a Windows operating system is to transfer the Fedora live imageto the USB device with the LiveUSB Creat o r too l.Note that the dd too l discussed in Section 3.2.2, Making Fedora USBMedia in UNIX, Linux, and Similar Operating Systems is also availablefor Windows. Fo llow the instructions in that section to use animplementation o f dd fo r Windows operating systems. The instructionsin this section assume that you will use LiveUSB Creat o r.

1. Download the LiveUSB Creat o r program for Windows fromhttp://fedorahosted.org/liveusb-creator.

2. LiveUSB Creat o r can create live USB media either from animage file that you downloaded previously, as described inSection 2.1.3, Which Files Do I Download?, o r it can downloadan image file from the Internet. Either:

click the Browse button under the Use existing LiveCDlabel, browse to the location where you previouslydownloaded a Fedora Live ISO file, and select that file.select a Fedora Live ISO file from the drop-down menu thatLiveUSB Creat o r presents under the Download Fedoralabel. Note that image files are large and that it is probablyimpractical to use LiveUSB Creat o r to download an image


file if you do not have a broadband connection to the Internet.3. Click Create Live USB.

3.2.2. Making Fedora USB Media in UNIX, Linux, andSimilar Operat ing SystemsA graphical too l is available to create Fedora USB media on systemsthat run Fedora or operating systems derived from Fedora. To createFedora USB media on o ther UNIX or Linux operating systems (includingMac OS X), use the command-line method described inSection 3.2.2.1.3, Making Fedora USB Media with dd.

3.2.2.1. Creat ing Fedora USB Media in Fedora and similarLinux dist ribut ionsGraphical and command-line too ls are available to create Fedora USBmedia on computers that run Fedora and Linux distributions derivedfrom Fedora. The command line too ls work with both Fedora DVD andlive images, but the graphical too l works only with live images. To createFedora USB media from the distribution image or minimal boot mediaimage, use one o f the command line methods described inSection 3.2.2.1.2, Making Fedora USB Media with livecd-t o o ls andSection 3.2.2.1.3, Making Fedora USB Media with dd.

3.2.2.1.1. Making Fedo ra USB Media wit h a graphical t o o l

Important Enable Extra Packages forEnterprise Linux

To perform this procedure on Linux distributions derived fromFedora, enable the Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL)repository. Refer tohttp://fedorapro ject.org/wiki/EPEL/FAQ#howtouse forinstructions.


1. Install the liveusb-creator on your system with your graphicalpackage manager, or the fo llowing command:

su -c 'yum -y install liveusb-creator'

2. Plug in your USB media.3. Launch LiveUSB Creat o r, either from a menu or by entering

liveusb-creator on the command line. Enter the rootpassword for your system when LiveUSB Creat o r promptsyou for it.

4. LiveUSB Creat o r can create live USB media either from animage file that you downloaded previously, as described inSection 2.1.3, Which Files Do I Download?, o r it can downloadan image file from the Internet. Either:

click the Browse button under the Use existing LiveCDlabel, browse to the location where you previouslydownloaded a Fedora Live ISO file, and select that file.select a Fedora Live ISO file from the drop-down menu thatLiveUSB Creat o r presents under the Download Fedoralabel. Note that image files are large and that it is probablyimpractical to use LiveUSB Creat o r to download an imagefile if you do not have a broadband connection to the Internet.

5. Click Create Live USB.

3.2.2.1.2. Making Fedo ra USB Media wit h livecd-t o o ls

Important Enable Extra Packages forEnterprise Linux

To perform this procedure on Linux distributions derived fromFedora, enable the Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL)repository. Refer tohttp://fedorapro ject.org/wiki/EPEL/FAQ#howtouse forinstructions.


1. Install the livecd-tools package on your system with yourgraphical package manager, or the fo llowing command:


su -c 'yum -y install livecd-tools'

2. Plug in your USB flash drive.3. Find the flash drive's device name. If the media has a vo lume

name, use it to look up the device name in /dev/disk/by-label, o r use the findfs command:

findfs LABEL=MyLabel

If the media does not have a vo lume name or you do not know it,you can also use the dmesg command shortly after connectingthe media to your computer. After running the command, thedevice name (such as sdb o r sdc) should appear in several linestowards the end o f the output.

4. Use the livecd-iso-to-disk command to write the ISO imageto the media:

su -c 'livecd-iso-to-disk the_image.iso/dev/sdX1'

Replace sdX1 with the device name for the partition on the USBmedia. Most flash drives and external hard disks use only onepartition. If you have changed this behavior or have oddlypartitioned media, you may need to consult o ther sources o fhelp.

3.2.2.1.3. Making Fedo ra USB Media wit h ddWarning These instructions coulddestroy data

When you perform this procedure any data on the USB flash driveis destroyed with no warning. Make sure that you specify thecorrect USB flash drive, and make sure that this flash drive doesnot contain any data that you want to keep.

NoteThe Fedora Pro ject recommends using livecd-t o o ls rather thandd fo r creating USB media whenever possible.





3. Use the dd command to transfer the boot ISO image to the USBdevice:

su -c 'dd if=path/image_name.iso of=/dev/device'

where path/image_name.iso is the boot ISO image file that youdownloaded and device is the device name for the USB flashdrive. Ensure you specify the device name (such as sdc), no t thepartition name (such as sdc1). For example:

su -c 'dd if=~/Download/Fedora-19-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdc'

3.2.2.2. Making Fedora USB Media in other LinuxDist ribut ionsTo create Fedora USB media from a DVD or live image on a computerthat uses a Linux distribution o ther than Fedora and those derived fromFedora, use one o f the command-line procedures detailed in thissection.

3.2.2.2.1. Making Fedo ra USB Media wit h livecd-t o o lsNote This Method Is Not Destructive

This method is not destructive, so existing data on the media isnot harmed. Nevertheless, it is always a good idea to back upimportant data before performing sensitive disk operations.

This method works only on Linux operating systems.1. Download a DVD or live ISO image for Fedora as shown in

Section 2.1.3, Which Files Do I Download?2. Plug in your USB flash drive.


3. Find the flash drive's device name. If the media has a vo lumename, use it to look up the device name in /dev/disk/by-label, o r use the findfs command:



4. Many Linux distributions automatically mount USB mediadevices when you connect the device to your computer. If this isthe case, unmount the device. The specific method to do thisvaries widely between Linux distributions and desktops. Somecommon methods include:

select File > Unmount if the operating system presents youwith a window that displays the contents o f the device.right-click on an icon o f the device and click Unmount.click on an icon that represents ejecting the media commonly, an upward-po inting triangle.

5. At a command line, type su - to become root, and enter the rootpassword when your system prompts you.

6. Create a mount point fo r the image that you downloaded. Forexample, to use /tmp/livecd as the mount po int, type mkdir /tmp/livecd and press Enter.

7. Mount the image with the fo llowing command: mount -o loop /path/to/image/file/imagefile.iso /path/to/mount/point, where /path/to/image/file is thelocation o f the image file that you downloaded, imagefile.isois the image file, and /path/to/mount/point is the mount po intthat you just created.

8. Change directory to the LiveOS directory o f the image that youjust mounted. mount po int where you just mounted the Fedoraimage. For example, cd /tmp/livecd/LiveOS.

9. Run the fo llowing command: ./livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/image/file/imagefile.iso device, where /path/to/image/file is the location o f the image file that youdownloaded, imagefile.iso is the image file, and device isthe USB media device.

Example 3.1. Mo unt ing a Fedo ra live image file and usinglivecd-iso -t o -disk t o creat e live USB mediaYou have downloaded a Fedora live image, Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-19-1.iso, to a fo lder named Downloads in your homedirectory. You have a USB flash drive plugged into your computer,named /dev/sdc, with a partition named /dev/sdc1

Become root:

su -

Make a mount po int fo r the image:

mkdir /mnt/livecd

Mount the image:

mount -o loop /home/Username/Downloads/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-19-1.iso /mnt/livecd

Change into the LiveOS directory o f the live CD image:

cd /mnt/livecd/LiveOS

Run livecd-iso -t o -disk to transfer the live image to the partition onyour flash drive and make the flash drive bootable:

./livecd-iso-to-disk /home/Username/Downloads/Fedora-19-i686-Live.iso /dev/sdc1

3.2.2.2.2. Making Fedo ra USB Media wit h ddWarning These instructions coulddestroy data

When you perform this procedure any data on the USB flash driveis destroyed with no warning. Make sure that you specify thecorrect USB flash drive, and make sure that this flash drive doesnot contain any data that you want to keep.


NoteThe Fedora Pro ject recommends using livecd-t o o ls rather thandd fo r creating USB media whenever possible.

Use this method for the distribution image, the minimal boot mediaimage, or on systems with a UNIX operating system (includingMac OX X).





3. Use the dd command to transfer the boot ISO image to the USBdevice:

su -c 'dd if=path/image_name.iso of=/dev/device'

where path/image_name.iso is the boot ISO image file that youdownloaded and device is the device name for the USB flashdrive. Ensure you specify the device name (such as sdc), no t thepartition name (such as sdc1). For example:

su -c 'dd if=~/Download/Fedora-19-x86_64-DVD.iso of=/dev/sdc'

3.3. Making Minimal Boot MediaA piece o f minimal boot media is a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive thatcontains the software to boot the system and launch the installationprogram, but which does not contain the software that must betransferred to the system to create a Fedora installation.Use minimal boot media:

to boot the system to install Fedora over a networkto boot the system to install Fedora from a hard driveto use a kickstart file during installation (refer to Section 15.8.1,Creating Kickstart Boot Mediato commence a network or hard-drive installation or to use ananaco nda update or a kickstart file with a DVD installation.

To make minimal boot media:1. Download the ISO image file named netinst.iso that is

available at the same location as the images o f the Fedora 19installation DVD refer to Chapter 2, Obtaining Fedora.

2. Burn netinst.iso to a blank CD or DVD using the sameprocedure detailed in Section 3.1, Making an installation DVDfor the installation disc, or transfer the netinst.iso file to a USBdevice with the dd command as detailed in Section 3.2,Preparing a USB flash drive as an installation source. As the netinst.iso file is only around 300 MB in size, you do notneed an especially large USB flash drive.

Part I. Installation andBootingThis part o f the Fedora Installation Guide details the installation processitself, from various methods o f booting the installer up to the po intwhere the computer must restart to finalize the installation. This part o fthe manual also includes a chapter on troubleshooting problems withthe installation process.Table o f Contents

4. Planning for Installation on the x86 Architecture

4.1. Upgrade or Install?4.2. Is Your Hardware Compatible?4.3. RAID and Other Disk Devices


4.4. Do You Have Enough Disk Space?


4.5. Selecting an Installation Method4.6. Choose a boot method

5. Preparing for Installation

5.1. Preparing for a Network Installation



6. System Specifications List

7. Booting the Installer


7.1.1. Booting the Installation Program on x86, AMD64, and Intel64 Systems7.1.2. The Boot Menu7.1.3. Additional Boot Options


8. Configuring Installation Source

8.1. Installation Method

8.1.1. Installing from DVD8.1.2. Installing from a Hard Drive8.1.3. Installing via NFS8.1.4. Installing via FTP or HTTP

9. Using the Fedora installer

9.1. The Text Mode Installation Program User Interface

9.1.1. Using the Keyboard to Navigate

9.2. The Graphical Installation Program User Interface

9.2.1. Screenshots during installation9.2.2. A Note about Virtual Conso les

9.3. Language Selection9.4. The Installation Summary Menu9.5. Date and time9.6. Keyboard Configuration9.7. Language Support9.8. Installation Source

9.8.1. Installing from Additional Repositories

9.9. Network Configuration

9.9.1. Edit Network Connections

9.10. Software Selection

9.10.1. Core Network Services

9.11. Storage and partitioning

9.11.1. Specialized and Networked Disks9.11.2. x86, AMD64, and Intel 64 Boot Loader Installation

9.12. Encrypt Partitions9.13. Reclaim disk space9.14. Creating a Custom Partition Layout

9.14.1. Adding and Configuring Partitions9.14.2. Create Software RAID9.14.3. Create LVM Logical Vo lume9.14.4. Create a Btrfs subvo lume9.14.5. Recommended Partitioning Scheme

9.15. Begin installation9.16. The Configuration Menu and Progress Screen

9.16.1. Set the Root Password9.16.2. User Creation

9.17. Installation Complete

9.17.1. GNOME Initial Setup9.17.2. Initial Setup in Other Desktop Environments

10. Troubleshooting Installation on an Intel o r AMD System

10.1. You are unable to boot Fedora

10.1.1. Are You Unable to Boot With Your RAID Card?10.1.2. Is Your System Displaying Signal 11 Errors?

10.2. Trouble Beginning the Installation

22 Part I. Installation and Booting

10.2.1. Problems with Booting into the Graphical Installation

10.3. Trouble During the Installation

10.3.1. No devices found to install Fedora ErrorMessage10.3.2. Reporting traceback messages10.3.3. Trouble with Partition Tables10.3.4. Using Remaining Space10.3.5. Other Partitioning Problems

10.4. Problems After Installation

10.4.1. Trouble With the Graphical GRUB Screen on an x86-basedSystem?10.4.2. Blocked by a GRUB command line after upgrading?10.4.3. Booting into a Graphical Environment10.4.4. Problems with the X Window System (GUI)10.4.5. Problems with the X Server Crashing and Non-Root Users10.4.6. Problems When You Try to Log In10.4.7. Is Your RAM Not Being Recognized?10.4.8. Your Printer Does Not Work10.4.9. Apache HTTP Server or Sendmail stops responding duringstartup


Chapter 4. Planning for Installation on thex86 Architecture4.1. Upgrade or Install?

4.2. Is Your Hardware Compatible?

4.3. RAID and Other Disk Devices


4.4. Do You Have Enough Disk Space?

4.5. Selecting an Installation Method

4.6. Choose a boot method

4.1. Upgrade or Install?For information to help you determine whether to perform an upgrade oran installation refer to Chapter 18, Upgrading Your Current System.

4.2. Is Your Hardware Compatible?Hardware compatibility is particularly important if you have an o ldersystem or a system that you built yourself. Fedora 19 should becompatible with most hardware in systems that were factory built withinthe last two years. However, hardware specifications change almostdaily, so it is difficult to guarantee that your hardware is 100%compatible.If you have issues with your hardware, consider one o f the fo llowing:Consult the release notes for minimum system requirements athttp://docs.fedorapro ject.org/release-notes .Seek Support athttp://fedorapro ject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_helpCheck online compatibility lists, such ashttp://www.fsf.o rg/resources/hw and http://www.linux-drivers.org/

4.3. RAID and Other Disk DevicesImportant Systems with Intel BIOSRAID sets

Fedora 19 uses mdraid instead o f dmraid fo r installation ontoIntel BIOS RAID sets. These sets are detected automatically, anddevices with Intel ISW metadata are recognized as mdraidinstead o f dmraid. Note that the device node names o f any suchdevices under mdraid are different from their device node namesunder dmraid. Therefore, special precautions are necessarywhen you migrate systems with Intel BIOS RAID sets.Local modifications to /etc/fstab, /etc/crypttab o r o therconfiguration files which refer to devices by their device nodenames will no t work in Fedora 19. Before migrating these files,you must therefore edit them to replace device node paths withdevice UUIDs instead. You can find the UUIDs o f devices with the blkid command.

4.3.1. Hardware RAIDRAID, or Redundant Array o f Independent Disks, allows a group, orarray, o f drives to act as a single device. Configure any RAID functionsprovided by the mainboard o f your computer, o r attached contro llercards, before you begin the installation process. Each active RAID arrayappears as one drive within Fedora.On systems with more than one hard drive you may configure Fedora tooperate several o f the drives as a Linux RAID array without requiring anyadditional hardware.

4.3.2. Software RAIDYou can use the Fedora installation program to create Linux softwareRAID arrays, where RAID functions are contro lled by the operatingsystem rather than dedicated hardware. These functions are explainedin detail in Section 9.14, Creating a Custom Partition Layout.

4.3.3. FireWire and USB DisksSome FireWire and USB hard disks may not be recognized by theFedora installation system. If configuration o f these disks at installationtime is not vital, disconnect them to avo id any confusion.


Post-installation UsageYou can connect and configure external FireWire and USB harddisks after installation. Most such devices are recognized by thekernel and available for use at that time.

4.4. Do You Have Enough Disk Space?Nearly every modern-day operating system (OS) uses disk partitions,and Fedora is no exception. When you install Fedora, you may have towork with disk partitions. If you have not worked with disk partitionsbefore (or need a quick review of the basic concepts), refer toAppendix A, An Introduction to Disk Partitions before proceeding.The disk space used by Fedora must be separate from the disk spaceused by o ther OSes you may have installed on your system, such asWindows, OS/2, or even a different version o f Linux. For x86, AMD64,and Intel 64 systems, at least two partitions (/ and swap) must bededicated to Fedora.Before you start the installation process, you must

have enough unpartitioned disk space for the installation o f Fedora,orhave one or more partitions that may be deleted, thereby freeing upenough disk space to install Fedora.

To gain a better sense o f how much space you really need, refer to therecommended partitioning sizes discussed in Section 9.14.5,Recommended Partitioning Scheme.If you are not sure that you meet these conditions, or if you want toknow how to create free disk space for your Fedora installation, refer toAppendix A, An Introduction to Disk Partitions.

4.5. Selecting an Installation MethodWhat type o f installation method do you wish to use? The fo llowinginstallation methods are available:DVD

If you have a DVD drive and the Fedora DVD you can use thismethod. Refer to Section 8.1.1, Installing from DVD, fo r DVDinstallation instructions.If you booted the installation from a piece o f media o ther than theinstallation DVD, you can specify the DVD as the installation sourcewith the linux repo=cdrom:device:/device boot option, or byselecting Lo cal CD/DVD on the Inst allat io n Met ho d menu (referto Section 8.1, Installation Method).

Live CDIf you have a CD drive and the Fedora live CD you can use thismethod. The live CD desktop includes an icon labeledInstall to Hard Drive. Refer to Section 8.1.1, Installing fromDVD for CD installation instructions.

Hard DriveIf you have copied the Fedora ISO images to a local hard drive, youcan use this method. You need a boot CD-ROM (use the linux repo=hd:device:/path boot option), o r by selecting Hard driveon the Inst allat io n Met ho d menu (refer to Section 8.1,Installation Method). Refer to Section 8.1.2, Installing from a HardDrive, fo r hard drive installation instructions.

NFSIf you are installing from an NFS server using ISO images or amirror image o f Fedora, you can use this method. You need a bootCD-ROM (use the linux repo=nfs:server :options:/pathboot option, or the NFS direct o ry option on the Inst allat io nMet ho d menu described in Section 8.1, Installation Method).Refer to Section 8.1.3, Installing via NFS for network installationinstructions. Note that NFS installations may also be performed inGUI mode.

URLIf you are installing directly from an HTTP (Web) server or FTPserver, use this method. You need a boot CD-ROM (use the linux repo=ftp://user:password@host/path, o r linux repo=http://host/path boot option, or the URL option on theInst allat io n Met ho d menu described in Section 8.1, InstallationMethod). Refer to Section 8.1.4, Installing via FTP or HTTP, fo rFTP and HTTP installation instructions.

4.6. Choose a boot method

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You can use several methods to boot Fedora.Installing from a CD-ROM or DVD requires that you have a Fedora 19CD-ROM or DVD, and you have a DVD/CD-ROM drive on a system thatsupports booting from it.Your BIOS may need to be changed to allow booting from yourDVD/CD-ROM drive. For more information about changing your BIOS,refer to Section 7.1.1, Booting the Installation Program on x86, AMD64,and Intel 64 Systems.Other than booting from an installation CD or DVD, you can also bootthe Fedora installation program from minimal boot media in the form of abootable CD or USB flash drive. After you boot the system with a pieceof minimal boot media, you complete the installation from a differentinstallation source, such as a local hard drive or a location on anetwork. Refer to Section 3.3, Making Minimal Boot Media fo rinstructions on making boot CDs and USB flash drives.Finally, you can boot the installer overthe network from a prebootexecution environment (PXE) server. Refer to Chapter 13, Setting Up anInstallation Server. Again, after you boot the system, you complete theinstallation from a different installation source, such as a local harddrive or a location on a network.

U n p art i t i o n ed d i sk sp ace mean s th at avai l ab l e d i sk sp ace o n th e h ard d ri ves yo u arei n stal l i n g to h as n o t b een d i vi d ed i n to sec t i o n s fo r d ata. Wh en yo u p art i t i o n a d i sk , eachp art i t i o n b eh aves l i ke a sep arate d i sk d ri ve.

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Chapter 5. Preparing for Installation5.1. Preparing for a Network Installation



5.1. Preparing for a Network InstallationNote

Make sure no installation DVD (or any o ther type o f DVD or CD)is in your system's CD or DVD drive if you are performing anetwork-based installation. Having a DVD or CD in the drivemight cause unexpected errors.

Ensure that you have boot media available on CD, DVD, or a USBstorage device such as a flash drive.The Fedora installation medium must be available for either a networkinstallation (via NFS, FTP, or HTTP) or installation via local storage. Usethe fo llowing steps if you are performing an NFS, FTP, or HTTPinstallation.The NFS, FTP, or HTTP server to be used for installation over thenetwork must be a separate, network-accessible server. It must providethe complete contents o f the installation DVD-ROM.

NoteThe Fedora installation program has the ability to test the integrityo f the installation media. It works with the CD, DVD, hard driveISO, and NFS ISO installation methods. We recommend that youtest all installation media before starting the installation process,and before reporting any installation-related bugs (many o f thebugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned discs). Touse this test, type the fo llowing command at the boot: prompt:

linux rd.live.check

NoteThe public directory used to access the installation files over FTP,NFS, or HTTP is mapped to local storage on the network server.For example, the local directory /var/www/inst/Fedora19 onthe network server can be accessed as http://network.server.com/inst/Fedora19.In the fo llowing examples, the directory on the installation stagingserver that will contain the installation files will be specified as /location/of/disk/space. The directory that will be madepublicly available via FTP, NFS, or HTTP will be specified as /publicly_available_directory. For example, /location/of/disk/space may be a directory you createcalled /var/isos. /publicly_available_directory might be /var/www/html/Fedora19, fo r an HTTP install.

In the fo llowing, you will require an ISO image. An ISO image is a filecontaining an exact copy o f the content o f a DVD. To create an ISOimage from a DVD use the fo llowing command:

dd if=/dev/dvd of=/path_to_image/name_of_image.iso

where dvd is your DVD drive device, name_of_image is the name yougive to the give to the resulting ISO image file, and path_to_image isthe path to the location on your system where the resulting ISO imagewill be stored.To copy the files from the installation DVD to a Linux instance, whichacts as an installation staging server, continue with either Section 5.1.1,Preparing for FTP and HTTP installation or Section 5.1.2, Preparingfor an NFS installation.

5.1.1. Preparing for FTP and HTTP installat ionExtract the files from the ISO image o f the installation DVD and placethem in a directory that is shared over FTP or HTTP.Next, make sure that the directory is shared via FTP or HTTP, and verifyclient access. Test to see whether the directory is accessible from theserver itself, and then from another machine on the same subnet towhich you will be installing.

5.1.2. Preparing for an NFS installat ionFor NFS installation it is not necessary to extract all the files from theISO image. It is sufficient to make the ISO image available on the


ISO image. It is sufficient to make the ISO image available on thenetwork server via NFS.

1. Transfer the ISO image to the NFS exported directory. On a Linuxsystem, run:

mv /path_to_image/name_of_image.iso /publicly_available_directory/

where path_to_image is the path to the ISO image file, name_of_image is the name of the ISO image file, and publicly_available_directory is a directory that is availableover NFS or that you intend to make available over NFS.

2. Use a SHA256 checksum program to verify that the ISO imagethat you copied is intact. Many SHA256 checksum programs areavailable for various operating systems. On a Linux system, run:

$ sha256sum name_of_image.iso

where name_of_image is the name of the ISO image file. TheSHA256 checksum program displays a string o f 64 characterscalled a hash. Compare this hash to the hash displayed for thisparticular image on the GPG Keys page on the Fedora Pro jectsite at http://fedorapro ject.org/en/keys. The two hashes shouldbe identical.

3. Ensure that an entry fo r the publicly available directory exists inthe /etc/exports file on the network server so that the directoryis available via NFS.To export a directory read-only to a specific system, use:

/publicly_available_directory client.ip.address (ro)

To export a directory read-only to all systems, use:

/publicly_available_directory * (ro)

4. On the network server, start the NFS daemon (use systemctl start nfs). If NFS is already running, reload the configurationfile (use systemctl reload nfs).

5. Be sure to test the NFS share fo llowing the directions in theFedora Deployment Guide. Refer to your NFS documentation fordetails on starting and stopping the NFS server.


linux rd.live.check

5.2. Preparing for a Hard Drive InstallationNote Not all file systems supported

Hard drive installations only work from ext2, ext3, ext4, or FAT filesystems. You cannot use a hard drive formatted for any o ther filesystem as an installation source for Fedora.To check the file system of a hard drive partition on a Windowsoperating system, use the Disk Management too l. To check thefile system of a hard drive partition on a Linux operating system,use the fdisk too l.

Cannot Install from LVM PartitionsYou cannot use ISO files on partitions contro lled by LVM (LogicalVo lume Management).

Use this option to install Fedora on systems without a DVD drive ornetwork connection.Hard drive installations use an ISO image o f the installation DVD. AnISO image is a file that contains an exact copy o f the content o f a DVD.With these files present on a hard drive, you can choose Hard drive asthe installation source when you boot the installation program (refer toSection 8.1, Installation Method).Ensure that you have boot media available on CD, DVD, or a USBstorage device such as a flash drive.To prepare a hard drive as an installation source, fo llow these steps:

1. Obtain an ISO image o f the Fedora installation DVD (refer to


Chapter 2, Obtaining Fedora). Alternatively, if you have the DVDon physical media, you can create an image o f it with thefo llowing command on a Linux system:

dd if=/dev/dvd of=/path_to_image/name_of_image.iso

where dvd is your DVD drive device, name_of_image is thename you give to the give to the resulting ISO image file, and path_to_image is the path to the location on your system wherethe resulting ISO image will be stored.

2. Transfer the ISO image to the hard drive.The ISO image must be located on a hard drive that is eitherinternal to the computer on which you will install Fedora, or on ahard drive that is attached to that computer by USB.

3. Use a SHA256 checksum program to verify that the ISO imagethat you copied is intact. Many SHA256 checksum programs areavailable for various operating systems. On a Linux system, run:

$ sha256sum name_of_image.iso

where name_of_image is the name of the ISO image file. TheSHA256 checksum program displays a string o f 64 characterscalled a hash. Compare this hash to the hash displayed for thisparticular image on the GPG Keys page on the Fedora Pro jectsite at http://fedorapro ject.org/en/keys. The two hashes shouldbe identical.


linux rd.live.check


Chapter 6. System Specifications ListThe installation program automatically detects and installs yourcomputer's hardware. Although you should make sure that yourhardware meets the minimum requirements to install Fedora (refer toSection 4.2, Is Your Hardware Compatible?) you do not usually needto supply the installation program with any specific details about yoursystem.However, when performing certain types o f installation, some specificdetails might be useful o r even essential.

If you plan to use a customized partition layout, record:The model numbers, sizes, types, and interfaces o f the harddrives attached to the system. For example, SeagateST3320613AS 320 GB on SATA0, Western Digital WD7500AAKS750 GB on SATA1. This will allow you to identify specific harddrives during the partitioning process.

If you are installing Fedora as an additional operating system on anexisting system, record:

The mount po ints o f the existing partitions on the system. Forexample, /boot on sda1, / on sda2, and /home on sdb1. Thiswill allow you to identify specific partitions during the partitioningprocess.Whether the hardware clock uses local time or UTC. In Linuxsystems, this information can be found in /etc/adjtime.Changing the hardware clock setting in Section 9.5, Date andtime may cause unexpected behavior in Fedora.

If you plan to install from an image on a local hard drive:The hard drive and directory that ho lds the image.

If you plan to install from a network location:The make and model numbers o f the network adapters on yoursystem. For example, Netgear GA311. This will allow you toidentify adapters when manually configuring the network.IP, DHCP, and BOOTP addressesNetmaskGateway IP addressOne or more name server IP addresses (DNS)

If any o f these networking requirements or terms are unfamiliar toyou, contact your network administrator fo r assistance.If you plan to install from a network location:

The location o f the image on an FTP server, HTTP (web) server,or NFS server see Section 8.1.4, Installing via FTP or HTTPand Section 8.1.3, Installing via NFS for examples.

If your computer is part o f a domain:You should verify that the domain name will be supplied by theDHCP server. If no t, you will need to input the domain namemanually during installation.


Chapter 7. Booting the Installer7.1. Starting the Installation Program

7.1.1. Booting the Installation Program on x86, AMD64, and Intel 64Systems7.1.2. The Boot Menu7.1.3. Additional Boot Options


Important UEFI for 32-bit x86 systemsFedora 19 does not support UEFI booting for 32-bit x86 systems.Only BIOS booting is supported.

Important UEFI for AMD64 and Intel 64Note that the boot configurations o f UEFI and BIOS differsignificantly from each o ther. Therefore, the installed systemmust boot using the same firmware that was used duringinstallation. You cannot install the operating system on a systemthat uses BIOS and then boot this installation on a system thatuses UEFI.Fedora 19 supports version 2.2 o f the UEFI specification.Hardware that supports version 2.3 o f the UEFI specification orlater should boot and operate with Fedora 19, but the additionalfunctionality defined by these later specifications will no t beavailable. The UEFI specifications are available fromhttp://www.uefi.o rg/specs/agreement/

To start the installation program from a Fedora DVD or from minimalboot media, fo llow this procedure:

1. Disconnect any external FireWire or USB disks that you do notneed for installation. Refer to Section 4.3.3, FireWire and USBDisks fo r more information.

2. Power on your computer system.3. Insert the media in your computer.4. Power o ff your computer with the boot media still inside.5. Power on your computer system.

You might need to press a specific key or combination o f keys to bootfrom the media. On most computers, a message appears briefly on thescreen very soon after you turn on the computer. Typically, it is wordedsomething like Press F10 to select boot device, although thespecific wording and the key that you must press varies widely fromcomputer to computer. Consult the documentation for your computer ormotherboard, or seek support from the hardware manufacturer orvendor. On Apple computers, the C key boots the system from the DVDdrive. On o lder Apple hardware you might need to pressCmd+Opt+Shift+Del to boot from the DVD drive.

If your computer does not allow you to select a boot device as it startsup, you might need to configure your system's Basic Input/OutputSystem (BIOS) to boot from the media.To change your BIOS settings on an x86, AMD64, or Intel 64 system,watch the instructions provided on your display when your computerfirst boots. A line o f text appears, telling you which key to press to enterthe BIOS settings.Once you have entered your BIOS setup program, find the sectionwhere you can alter your boot sequence. The default is o ften C, A or A,C (depending on whether you boot from your hard drive [C] or a diskettedrive [A]). Change this sequence so that the DVD is first in your bootorder and that C or A (whichever is your typical boot default) is second.This instructs the computer to first look at the DVD drive for bootablemedia; if it does not find bootable media on the DVD drive, it thenchecks your hard drive or diskette drive.Save your changes before exiting the BIOS. For more information, referto the documentation that came with your system.

Note Aborting the InstallationTo abort the installation, either press Ctrl +Alt+Del o r poweroff your computer with the power switch. You may abort theinstallation process without consequence at any time prio r toselecting Begin Installation on the Installation SummaryMenu. Fedora makes no permanent changes to your computeruntil that po int. Please be aware that stopping the installation afterpartitioning has begun can leave your computer unusable.



Important UEFI for 32-bit x86 systemsFedora 19 does not support UEFI booting for 32-bit x86 systems.Only BIOS booting is supported.

Important UEFI for AMD64 and Intel 64Note that the boot configurations o f UEFI and BIOS differsignificantly from each o ther. Therefore, the installed systemmust boot using the same firmware that was used duringinstallation. You cannot install the operating system on a systemthat uses BIOS and then boot this installation on a system thatuses UEFI.Fedora 19 supports version 2.2 o f the UEFI specification.Hardware that supports version 2.3 o f the UEFI specification orlater should boot and operate with Fedora 19, but the additionalfunctionality defined by these later specifications will no t beavailable. The UEFI specifications are available fromhttp://www.uefi.o rg/specs/agreement/

To start, first make sure that you have all necessary resources for theinstallation. If you have already read through Chapter 4, Planning forInstallation on the x86 Architecture, and fo llowed the instructions, youshould be ready to start the installation process. When you have verifiedthat you are ready to begin, boot the installation program using theFedora DVD or any boot media that you have created.

7.1.1. Booting the Installat ion Program on x86,AMD64, and Intel 64 SystemsYou can boot the installation program using any one o f the fo llowingmedia (depending upon what your system can support):

Fedora DVD Your machine supports a bootable DVD drive andyou have the Fedora installation DVD.Fedora live CD Your machine supports a bootable CD drive andyou have a Fedora live CD.Boot CD-ROM Your machine supports a bootable CD-ROM driveand you want to perform network or hard drive installation.USB flash drive Your machine supports booting from a USBdevice.PXE boot via network Your machine supports booting from thenetwork. This is an advanced installation path. Refer to Chapter 13,Setting Up an Installation Server fo r additional information on thismethod.

To create a boot CD-ROM or to prepare your USB flash drive forbooting or installation, refer to Section 3.3, Making Minimal BootMedia.Insert the boot media and reboot the system.You might need to press a specific key or combination o f keys to bootfrom the media. On most computers, a message appears briefly on thescreen very soon after you turn on the computer. Typically, it is wordedsomething like Press F10 to select boot device, although thespecific wording and the key that you must press varies widely fromcomputer to computer. Consult the documentation for your computer ormotherboard, or seek support from the hardware manufacturer orvendor. On Apple computers, the C key boots the system from the DVDdrive. On o lder Apple hardware you might need to pressCmd+Opt+Shift+Del to boot from the DVD drive.

If your computer does not allow you to select a boot device as it startsup, you might need to configure your system's Basic Input/OutputSystem (BIOS) to boot from the media.To change your BIOS settings on an x86, AMD64, or Intel 64 system,watch the instructions provided on your display when your computerfirst boots. A line o f text appears, telling you which key to press to enterthe BIOS settings.Once you have entered your BIOS setup program, find the sectionwhere you can alter your boot sequence. The default is o ften C, A or A,C (depending on whether you boot from your hard drive [C] or a diskettedrive [A]). Change this sequence so that the DVD is first in your bootorder and that C or A (whichever is your typical boot default) is second.This instructs the computer to first look at the DVD drive for bootablemedia; if it does not find bootable media on the DVD drive, it thenchecks your hard drive or diskette drive.Save your changes before exiting the BIOS. For more information, referto the documentation that came with your system.After a short delay, the graphical boot screen appears, which containsinformation on a variety o f boot options. Installation programautomatically begins if you take no action within the first minute. For adescription o f the options available on this screen, refer to Section 7.1.2,The Boot Menu.


Alternatively, press the Esc key to access the boot: prompt, at whichyou can enter additional boot options as described in Section 7.1.3,Additional Boot Options.

7.1.2. The Boot MenuThe boot media displays a graphical boot menu with three options:Inst all Fedo ra

Choose this option to install Fedora onto your computer systemusing the graphical installation program.

T est t his media and inst all Fedo raThis option is the default. Choose this option to first test the integrityo f the installation media before installing Fedora onto yourcomputer system using the graphical installation program.

T ro ublesho o t ingThis option leads to a menu with several additional boot options.

If no key is hit within 60 seconds, the default boot option runs. Tochoose the default, either wait fo r the timer to run out or hit Enter on thekeyboard. To choose another option, use the arrow keys on yourkeyboard and hit Enter when Troubleshooting is highlighted. If youwant to customize the boot options for a particular option, press the Tabkey. To access the boot: prompt at which you can specify customboot options, press the Esc key and refer to Section 7.1.3, AdditionalBoot Options.

Figure 7.1. T he bo o t screen

For a listing and explanation o f common boot options, refer toChapter 11, Boot Options.The boot options in the Troubleshooting menu are:Inst all Fedo ra in basic graphics mo de

This option allows you to install Fedora in graphical mode even ifthe installation program is unable to load the correct driver fo r yourvideo card. If your screen appears distorted or goes blank whenusing the Install Fedora option, restart your computer and trythis option instead.

Rescue a Fedo ra syst emChoose this option to repair a problem with your instal

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