feeding the world: the role of the oceans ......feeding the world: the role of the oceans &...

with the patronage

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE

OCEANS AND WATER RESOURCES

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES


FAR TOO MUCH TO COVER!!!!

• Demand for fish today and tomorrow • Supply: Capture fisheries vs. aquaculture • Main challenges in fish production Space, technology and the environment

• ACTIONS


What OCEANS give to us All kinds of Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural and Supporting services.

• Fish and plants as a source of protein and micronutrients (FOOD) • Pharmaceutical compounds (MEDICAL CURES) • Fixation of atmospheric carbon by algae • Regulation of the climate and weather trends • Provide mass transportation routes • Provide pleasure and wellbeing (RECREATION)

etc, etc, etc, etc.

………………………………………………………………………………………..…..MORE???



Rio+20 ”The Future We Want” Declaration

Maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services while

feeding the world

THE OBJECTIVE IS:

113 The crucial role of sustainable fisheries



The future ahead of us

?



WORLD POPULATION =

………… is this our FUTURE?



HUNGER INCREASE?? =

MORE FOOD NEEDED =

………… is this our FUTURE?



1997-98 1948-49

A glance at CAPTURE FISHERIES

Dramatic biomass decline THE MESSAGE IS:



Can FISHERIES supply more?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009

Percentage of stocks assessed

Global trends in the state of world marine stocks since 1974

Non-fully exploited

Fully exploited

Overexploited

THE MESSAGE IS: Maximum sustainable potential from wild capture fisheries in the oceans has been reached!



How much are we producing TODAY!



FISH supply today and TOMORROW!

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Milli

ons t

onne

s

World Fish Production

Capture fisheries

Aquaculture

Source: FAO FISHSTAT

Fish Supply (mt) 2010 (baseline)

2030 (projection)

Aquaculture 59 123

Capture fisheries 88 88

Total supply 147 211

% of aquaculture: 40 58 Source: Estimation of FAO/FI Department

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Aquaculture follow recent trend • Capture fisheries remain stationary

211 million mt fish in 2030

QUESTION: Is the supply enough to feed future population?



FISH demand (population growth only)

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Bill

ion

World Population

World

Africa

Asia

Europe

Latin America and Caribbean

Northern America

60.4%14.8%

8.6%

10.7%5.0% 0.5%

2010

Source: UN (2010 revision)

58.5%18.8%

8.4%

8.9%4.8% 0.6%

2030

Fish Demand (mt) 2007 (baseline)

2030 (projection)

Africa 9.0 14.0 Asia 86.4 96.3 Europe 19.4 19.9 L.A. & C. 15.2 16.4 Northern America 9.1 10.7 Oceania 1.1 1.4 World 140.3 158.8

Source: Estimation of FAO/FI Department

Maintaining the baseline consumption in every country, 159 million tonnes of fish needed to feed world population in 2030.

Total supply (211 mt) > Total demand (159 mt)



Demand (population & income growth)

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Bil

lio

n

Population growth

World

Africa

Asia

Europe

L.A. & C.

N. America

Oceania

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C. N. America Oceania World

%

Growth of GDP per capita: 2010-2020

Fish Demand (mt) 2007 (baseline)

2030 (projection)

Africa 9.0 18.7

Asia 86.4 186.3

Europe 19.4 23.4

L.A. & C. 15.2 18.3

Northern America 9.1 12.9

Oceania 1.1 1.8

World 140.3 261.2

Source: Estimation of FAO/FI Department



Fish supply–demand GAPs S-D gap

(mt) Supply

2030 Demand

2030 S-D gap

2030

Africa 11.7 18.7 -7.0

Asia 156.5 186.3 -29.8

Europe 18.6 23.4 -4.8

L.A. & C. 16.2 18.3 -2.1

Northern A. 6.2 12.9 -6.6

Oceania 1.5 1.8 -0.3

World 210.7 261.2 -50.6

Source: Estimation of FI Department

• Per capita fish demand estimated based on assumptions: – GDP per capita projection by IMF – Prices unchanged – Preference unchanged

• Total fish demand estimated based on: – Estimated per capita demand – UN population projection in 2030 – Non-food fish demand unchanged

• Results: – Supply < Demand

• 51 mt shortage – S-D gaps decline in all regions

• Largest insufficiency in Asia



-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1980

19

84

1988

19

92

1996

20

00

2004

20

08

2012

20

16

2020

20

24

2028

Milli

ons

met

ric to

nnes

Food Fish Supply and Demand Gaps

Supply from culture (actual)

Supply from capture (actual)

Supply from culture (potential)

Supply from capture (potential)

Consumption (actual demand)

Demand (2007 level)

Demand (population growth only )

Demand (both population and income growth)

The publication launched in China earlier this year

Focus on projections for the

years 2013-2022

The increase will be driven by aquaculture



???

Bridge the supply-demand from ...

Land-based & mariculture FARMING THE OCEANS



World inland aquaculture and mariculture production

23%

43%



• Land and water • Cost and energy efficient productivity • Ecosystem impacts • Feeds : Fishmeal and Fish Oil • Technology and knowledge • Biosecurity and health • Finance and investment • Conducive policy

Main CHALLENGES



CHALLENGE: Land and water

• Recently released FAO publication

• Global potential (worked on selected species)

• Potential based on a number of physical and biological parameters

• Also based on current cost factors, i.e. the economics of doing marine farming today



What does the present status of mariculture indicate about its future potential

• Offshore areas are largely unused for mariculture

• 44% of maritime nations/territories are not practicing mariculture

• 0.3 million km of coast where mariculture is not yet practiced

• About 1/3 of inshore mariculture production is plants, but there is as yet little attention to the production of plants (or of fish or shellfish) offshore

• Of (93) countries and territories already practicing mariculture, 51% produce less than 1 mt/km of coastline

• These observations suggest that there is potential for the development mariculture



Where do we go if there’s no SPACE

Commercial shipping Cable runs Animal viewing areas

Sharing space IMTA



Mariculture engineering has progressed

Farming structures Servicing vessels Remote monitoring

CHALLENGE: Technology (sea)


http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=mariculture+remote+feeding&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bdr2vvzzfssYXM&tbnid=wJ7EdYYRAOWDHM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_aquaculture&ei=diynUdmQMcjXsgah0oHYBQ&bvm=bv.47244034,d.bGE&psig=AFQjCNE1NMy0bqMxK9Rzzlm8kRS9rObc8Q&ust=1369996778813443

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=aquacuture+remote+feeding+software&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=lTffarPWHurmYM&tbnid=t6nji1ED9bTxlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.akvagroup.com/products/cage-farming-aquaculture/camera-systems&ei=ay2nUejTCpHBtAa85IHQCA&bvm=bv.47244034,d.bGE&psig=AFQjCNErz2mZUNFwah2eLcW3rcBDwg4DqA&ust=1369996976976525

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=fish+farming+boats&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QODmm5m_GDIm9M&tbnid=GrabUxTsNxujEM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://margaretlangesabbatical.blogspot.com/&ei=xK0PUc20NIjHtQbtmoDoAQ&bvm=bv.41867550,d.Yms&psig=AFQjCNGSCkHl8eox0KHuqVZHIo02zt7Xxg&ust=1360068409104730


CHALLENGE: Technology (Land)

Distribution of arid zones 20% of the world surface (increasing)

13% of total population (313 million) live in arid zones with 92 million residing in hyper arid deserts (UNDP/UNSO)



ACTIONs: Irrigation ponds (small-scale)



ACTIONs: Closed Recirculation Systems



ACTIONs: Agri-Aqua Systems



ACTIONs: Agri-Aqua Systems - AQUAPONICS

ENGLISH version - http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4021e/index.html


http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4021e/index.html


PRODUCTION

Farmed species

&

Production

cost

MARKET

Consumer acceptance

&

Competitive

$$$$

= Competitiveness is also KEY

MUST BE ATTRACTIVE!!



Important biological factors: • A robust species with an elevated resistance to stress (e.g. handling) • A species that can be easily reproduced in captivity and in large

numbers • A species that grows fast and converts feed/nutrients efficiently • A species that is not highly vulnerable to external diseases • A species that can grow to market size in farming enclosures

Important socio-economical factors: • A species that has a market demand (local and/or international) • A species that can be produced economically and competitively • A species that has a good flesh yield (product differentiation /

processing)

What SPECIES



What species … an example Cobia

• Artificial propagation • Fast growing / sturdy • Good meat yield • Market acceptance • Attractive for

processing


http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cobia&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ohnwkgg8W48AOM&tbnid=YJlHPr7rfrLm_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.laschinger-seafood.eu/en/sortiment/tiefkuhlprodukte/cobia/&ei=tc0PUZCbMcrEtQap2YCADA&bvm=bv.41867550,d.Yms&psig=AFQjCNEnCbvvm5VHd7U4L5GDFASTtenSkA&ust=1360076537777757

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cobia&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=I_izr3Bs0uUz3M&tbnid=dNW5Usp3y2vNmM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.floridasportsman.com/2012/04/09/blackened-cobia/&ei=g80PUZmqA8bfsgbErAE&bvm=bv.41867550,d.Yms&psig=AFQjCNEnCbvvm5VHd7U4L5GDFASTtenSkA&ust=1360076537777757

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cobia&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=-38NxREyDC_qpM&tbnid=xfkxkGLz2kFN2M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://sg104668038.trustpass.alibaba.com/product/119064524-101387002/SASHIMI_COBIA_FILLET.html&ei=4s0PUb77NcXotQawq4GgAg&bvm=bv.41867550,d.Yms&psig=AFQjCNEnCbvvm5VHd7U4L5GDFASTtenSkA&ust=1360076537777757


What species … an example

• Market good • Good meat yield • Market acceptance • Attractive for processing • Fast grower

• Artificial propagation? • Highly carnivore

LUCIANO 55 dph

BFT



What species ……….. OTHER

BIVALVES

Species lower in the food chain

SEAWEEDS



CHALLENGE: Feeds More non-fed fish for future?

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Mil

lio

ns

ton

ne

s

Fed - other species

Fed - crustaceans

Fed - diadromous & marine finfishes

Fed - fresh water finfishes

Non-fed - sillver & bighead carps

Non-fed - bivalves & others

Percentage of non-fed species


Presenter

Presentation Notes

It is estimated that over 45% of global aquaculture (90% in marine fish) is fed aquaculture species (mainly finfish and crustaceans) Exogenous feeding (external supply of feeds): growth dependent upon the external supply of feeds Total industrial compound aquafeed production has increased from 1995 to 2008 by 284% Industrial aquafeed growing at an average rate of 11.0%/year If aquaculture growth is to be sustained then feed ingredient and feed input supply must grow at a similar rate THE MESSAGE IS: Availability of feed will be one of the most important inputs if aquaculture has to maintain its sustained growth to meet its challenge of increased production.


CHALLENGE: Environment !! Carrying capacity of a site is

rightly a HOT topic!!! Long-term

sustainability


http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=fish+cage+culture+vietnam&source=images&cd=&docid=acUMyJqN8bMPMM&tbnid=LhRRSFQstgWcdM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/video/?video=3&ei=mhURUcqTLMrMtAaHv4HYBw&bvm=bv.41934586,d.Yms&psig=AFQjCNHdfm3Tk7yakYezLbxU8ueEhUajiQ&ust=1360160520245405


FACTS

• 1.3 million tonnes of food wasted worldwide

• Can supply food to the hungry in the world (3 times over)

SAVE water by… reducing wastage



Losses along all the value chain

Global Initiative on Food Loss &

Waste Reduction


http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=tuna+cans+waste&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Gnb7Aj52z0cRRM&tbnid=vvPd-oTIHCj66M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.sodahead.com/united-states/massachusetts-town-bans-plastic-water-bottles-should-more-cities-do-the-same/question-3439745/?page=7&ei=_kawUajPMMfltQaylYHADg&bvm=bv.47534661,d.bGE&psig=AFQjCNHCKD8N0GvOQl2q0uj35Qls1qgUHw&ust=1370593311762424

www.pianeta-acqua.com

CONTACTS: Alessandro Lovatelli Aquaculture Officer FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy E-Mail: [email protected] Phone: +39 06 57056448

Thank you Grazie


feeding the world: the role of the oceans ......feeding the world: the role of the oceans &...

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