female repro (2) repro 2.pdf · 2017-01-10 · shaft of penis, con’t. •columns are filled with...
TRANSCRIPT
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Slide 2.1
Reproductive Systems
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The Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive System
Slide 16.1
• Reproductive and urinary systems closely related •Female primates: separate systems
• Organs not always distinct
•Many have same origin in fetus
•Called “homologous structures”
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Embryonic Development of the Sex Organs: FYI
Figure 24.28
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The Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive System
Slide 16.1
• Gonads: essential organs of reproduction
•Testes in males
•Ovaries in females
•Homologous to testes
•secrete hormones•Testosterone
•Estrogen/progesterone
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Embryonic Development of the Sex Organs: FYI
Figure 24.28
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The Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive System
Slide 16.1
• Gonads, con’t…
•produce gametes (sex cells) •Spermatozoa – male gametes
•Ova (eggs) – female gametes
•Homologous to sperm
•Contain 23 chromosomes
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Embryonic Development of the Sex Organs: FYI
Figure 24.28
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2a
• Testes• Duct system
•Epididymis•Ductus deferens•Urethra
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2b
• Accessory organs•Seminal vesicles•Prostate gland•Bulbourethral gland
• External genitalia•Penis•Scrotum
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2b
• Testes• form in the abdominal cavity
•descend to the scrotum ~1 month before birth
•pass through inguinal canal
•cryptorchidism
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Descent of TestesDescent of Testes: FYI Slide 16.2b
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TestesTestes
Slide 16.3a
• Coverings of the testes
•Tunica albuginea –fibrous C.T. capsule
Figure 16.1
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TestesTestes
Slide 16.3b
Coverings, con’t.
• Septa: extensions of the capsule
•extend into the testis
•divide it into lobules
Figure 16.1
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TestesTestes Slide 16.4
• Each lobule contains seminiferoustubules•Function: to
produce sperm•Empty sperm
into the retetestis
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TestesTestes
Slide 16.4
• Interstitial cells•Between seminiferous tubules•Produce androgens •Precursor to Testosterone
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EpididymisEpididymis Slide 16.5
•Sperm then move to the epididymis
•Comma-shaped, tightly coiled tube•About 15’ long
•On superior, posterior part of the testis
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2c
Figure 16.2
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EpididymisEpididymis
Slide 16.5
• Functions:•Site where sperm mature (YMCA!!)•Stores sperm cells (~ 20 days)
• Expels sperm to the vas deferensduring ejaculation
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Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)
Slide 16.6a
• Paired structures• Carry sperm from epididymis to
ejaculatory duct•Pass through the inguinal canal •Over superior surface of urinary bladder
• Move sperm by peristalsis
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2c
Figure 16.2
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Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
Slide 16.6a
• Spermatic cord•vas deferens •blood vessels•Spermatic artery and vein
•nerves • in a connective tissue sheath•OUTSIDE body cavity
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Spermatic CordSpermatic Cord Slide 16.2c
Figure 16.2
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Vas DeferensVas Deferens
Slide 16.6b
• Ends in the ejaculatory duct
•unites with prostatic urethra
• Vasectomy – cutting the vas deferens to prevent transportation of sperm
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UrethraUrethra
Slide 16.7a
• Extends from the base of urinary bladder to tip of penis
•~8 cm
• Carries both urine and sperm
• Sperm enter from the ejaculatory duct
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UrethraUrethra Slide 16.7b
• Regions of male urethra•Prostatic urethra
•Membranous urethra
•Spongy (penile) urethra
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Seminal VesiclesSeminal Vesicles
Slide 16.8
• Paired structures
• Located posterior to urinary bladder
• Produce ~60% of semen•Fructose (sugar)
•Vitamin C
•Prostaglandins
•Other substances
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2c
Figure 16.2
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Prostate GlandProstate Gland
Slide 16.9
• Attached to apex of urinary bladder
• Surrounds prostatic urethra
• Secretes a milky fluid
•~35% of semen
•Helps activate sperm
•Enters urethra via small ducts
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2c
Figure 16.2
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BulbourethralBulbourethral (Cowper(Cowper’’s) Glandss) Glands
Slide 16.10
• Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate
• Produce a thick, clear mucus•Cleanses the urethra
•Serves as a lubricant
•Secreted into the penile urethra
•May contain sperm!!
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Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Slide 16.2c
Figure 16.2
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Semen: FYISemen: FYI
• Mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
• Accessory gland secretions:•provide energy for sperm cells (36 kcal/tsp!)
•Alkalinity helps neutralize the acidic environment of vagina
• inhibit bacterial multiplication•contents enhance sperm motility
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External GenitaliaExternal Genitalia
Slide 16.12
• Scrotum•Divided sac of skin outside the abdomen
•Maintains testes ~3°C lower than normal body temperature
•protects sperm viability
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External GenitaliaExternal Genitalia
Slide 16.13a
• Penis•Delivers sperm into female reproductive
tract•Structures:•Shaft•Glans penis (enlarged distal portion) •Prepuce (foreskin)• removed by circumcision
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External GenitaliaExternal Genitalia
Slide 16.13b
• Shaft of penis•three columns of spongy erectile tissue•2 corpora cavernosa•1 corpus spongiosum•Surrounds penile urethra
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Spongy Tissue of PenisSpongy Tissue of Penis Slide 16.7b
• Erectile tissue•Corpus
spongiosum
•Corpora cavernosa
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External GenitaliaExternal Genitalia
Slide 16.13b
Shaft of penis, con’t.
•Columns are filled with blood capillaries•Engorge with blood during sexual arousal•Cause erection of penis•Blood drains after orgasm
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Testosterone ProductionTestosterone Production
Slide 16.19a
• The most important male hormone
• Produced in interstitial cells
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Testosterone FunctionTestosterone Function
Slide 16.19b
• Stimulates reproductive organ development
•Causes sex drive
•Causes secondary sex characteristics•Deepening of voice
• Increased hair growth
•Enlargement of skeletal muscles
•Thickening of bones
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Spermatogenesis: FYISpermatogenesis: FYI
Slide 16.14
• Production of sperm cells
• Begins at puberty and continues throughout life
• Occurs in the seminiferous tubules
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Processes of Spermatogenesis: FYIProcesses of Spermatogenesis: FYI
Slide 16.15a
• Stem cells undergo rapid mitosis before puberty
• At puberty, FSH modifies stem cell division
•One cell produced is a stem cell
•The other cell becomes a primary spermatocyte
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Processes of Spermatogenesis: FYIProcesses of Spermatogenesis: FYI
Slide 16.15b
• Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis• Haploid spermatids are produced
•Sperm cells result after maturing of spermatids
• Spermatogenesis takes 64 to 72 days• Each ejaculation contains 2-4 billion
sperm
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Figure 16.3
Spermatogenesis
• Primary spermatocytes
• Spermatids
• Spermatozoa
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Anatomy of a Mature Sperm Cell: FYIAnatomy of a Mature Sperm Cell: FYI
Slide 16.18
• The only human flagellated cell
• DNA is found in the head
Figure 16.5