fgdc coordination group meeting september 4, 2008 ray byrnes, liaison for satellite missions

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

The National Land Imaging Program (NLIP)“Ensuring Operational Land Imaging Continuity in the 21st Century”

FGDC Coordination Group Meeting

September 4, 2008

Ray Byrnes, Liaison for Satellite Missions

USGS Land Remote Sensing Program

Las Vegas - May 1973

Las Vegas - February 2006

2U.S. Geological SurveyDepartment of the Interior

National Land Imaging Program In December 2005, the President’s

Science Advisor stated: “It remains the goal of the

U.S.Government to transition the Landsat program from a series of independently planned missions to a sustained operational program…”

Throughout 2006, an OSTP-appointed Throughout 2006, an OSTP-appointed interagency working group developed interagency working group developed a plan, subsequently released by the a plan, subsequently released by the White House in August 2007 White House in August 2007

See interagency working group report at http://ostp.gov/cs/nstc under “Documents and Reports, 2007”


Why NLIP?

No long-term U.S. commitment for providing Landsat-like data.No long-term U.S. commitment for providing Landsat-like data. Landsat has been a series of independent missions, Landsat has been a series of independent missions,

funded in an ad hoc manner. funded in an ad hoc manner. No U.S. agency has responsibility to meet U.S. No U.S. agency has responsibility to meet U.S. operational operational

requirements. requirements. Advancement of land imaging technology and applications Advancement of land imaging technology and applications

has been delayed or disrupted.has been delayed or disrupted. No U.S. commercial alternative.No U.S. commercial alternative.

Landsat commercialization has failed twice.Landsat commercialization has failed twice. U.S. commercial and foreign systems can augment, but U.S. commercial and foreign systems can augment, but

not replace Landsat.not replace Landsat. No resources to sustain an operational land imaging program for No resources to sustain an operational land imaging program for

the U.S.the U.S. No satellite funding or plans beyond Landsat Data No satellite funding or plans beyond Landsat Data

Continuity Mission (LDCM)/Landsat 8. Continuity Mission (LDCM)/Landsat 8.


Interagency Working Group Recommendations

The U.S. must commit to continue the collection of moderate-resolution land imagery.

The U.S. should establish and maintain a core operational capability to collect moderate-resolution land imagery through the procurement and launch of a series of U.S.-owned satellites (Landsat 9 and beyond).

The U.S. should establish the National Land Imaging Program, hosted and managed by the Department of the Interior, to meet U.S. civil land imaging needs.


National Land Imaging Program (NLIP) Mission: To serve the Nation by acquiring and providing operational land imaging capabilities

and applications to support U.S. economic, environmental, foreign policy, and security interests.

Federal Government to run an operational program to: Coordinate a Federal Land Imaging Council composed of data users and other

interested agencies and a (FACA) Land Imaging Advisory Committee;

Gather U.S. land imaging requirements (e.g. data needs);

Manage the acquisition of U.S. land imaging systems and data;

Coordinate acquisition and data distribution plans with U.S. industry, foreign governments, and foreign commercial firms;

Ensure timely data delivery to all users;

Permanently archive these data for future generations;

Develop new applications for Federal, State, local and tribal governments; and

Investigate and develop new remote sensing technology to meet land imaging requirements.

Above all else, ensure availability, access, and ease of use of land imaging data for the Nation.

Federal Government Responsibilities


NLIP Program Elements

Current (under USGS Land Remote Sensing Program) Landsat 5 and 7 satellite and data operations. Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)/Landsat 8 Development:

Space and Ground Systems development, test, and satellite launch plus satellite and data operations

For current information on Landsat/LDCM see http://landsat.usgs.gov

Proposed (under authorized NLIP) New NLIP Baseline: Stable program management, advanced

technology and mission concept studies, new science applications, and outreach initiatives.

Future Land Imager Development: Satellite design and development, ground systems augmentation, and mission and data operations. NASA to provide technical and procurement support.

Expand existing International Cooperator partnerships to augment global collection of moderate-resolution land image data.


NLIP Ground Segment Plans

Multi-Mission USGS Operations: Operate U.S. Government-owned satellites. Receive data downlinks from domestic or

international government or commercial partners. Purchase global or regional satellite or aerial-

platform data sets. Consolidate Landsat data holdings of International

Cooperators. Ingest selected “purged” commercial or

government data sets.


Landsat Data Policy Update

Updated Landsat data policy was approved in January 2008. Located at: http://ldcm.usgs.gov/pdf/Landsat_Data_Policy.pdf

Policy Goals Extend the principles of the Landsat 7 Data Policy established in Section

5615 of U.S. Code Title 15, Chapter 82 to Landsats 1-7, LDCM, and future U.S.-owned moderate resolution land-image data sets.

The goals ensure Unenhanced data are available to all users at no more than the Cost of

Fulfilling User Requests (COFUR). Timely delivery of unenhanced data to civilian, national security,

commercial, and foreign users. U.S. retains ownership of all unenhanced data generated by the Landsat

series of satellites. Development of the commercial market for remote sensing data.


Backup Materials


NLIP Governance

Systems & Data Acquisition

ExternalRelations

Products &

Services

POLICYPOLICY

Federal Land Imaging Council

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

Suppliers

ForeignGovernments

andCommercial

Firms

U.S. AerospaceManufacturers

U.S. Satellite &Aerial Operators

Users

Federal, State, andLocal Government

Scientists & Researchers

Commercial Industry

Non-Profit Organizations

U.N. Bodies &Other Nations

U.S. National Land Imaging Program

Systems & Data Acquisition

ExternalRelations

Products &

Services

POLICYPOLICY

Federal Land Imaging Council

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

Suppliers

ForeignGovernments

andCommercial

Firms

U.S. AerospaceManufacturers

U.S. Satellite &Aerial Operators

Users

Federal, State, andLocal Government

Scientists & Researchers

Commercial Industry

Non-Profit Organizations

U.N. Bodies &Other Nations

U.S. National Land Imaging Program

The Federal Land Imaging Council will provide guidance and recommendations.

A Committee of non-Federal land imagery users and suppliers will advise the National Program.


USGS Operations for Landsat 8

Landsat 8: USGS/EROS to operate satellite and ground

system. Ground command/control/data-reception network

sites under study. Seasonal, global data set collection. Data management and distribution at USGS/EROS. International Cooperators invited to participate;

many showing interest in local data reception.


Landsat 8 Ground System Status Requirements development work is nearing completion.

Completed Ground System Requirements Review on Sept 26-27, 2008. Completed the Science and Mission Requirements Document (SMRD)

(Level 2) and the Ground System Requirements Document (Level 3). 6 of 8 ground system element requirements reviews completed (Level 4).

Ground Network Element (GNE) SRR is scheduled for April 10th.

Mission Operations Element (MOE) SRR to be held after NASA’s contract award.

Ground System preliminary design activities have commenced. Ground System Preliminary Design Review (GSPDR) planned for Nov 2008. Element PDRs are scheduled and will complete before the GSPDR.

Ground System Critical Design Review scheduled for April 2009. Provides the detailed ground system designs for system development.


U.S. Landsat Archive Overview(Scenes through May 31, 2008)

ETM+: Landsat 7 830,440 scenes 771 TB RCC and L0Ra Data Archive grows by 260 GB Daily

TM: Landsat 4 and Landsat 5 745,235 scenes 373 TB of RCC and L0Ra Data Archive Grows by 40 GB Daily

MSS: Landsat 1 through 5 652,174 scenes 20 TB of Data


Landsat 5 TM U.S. Global Archive


Landsat 7 ETM+ U.S. Global Archive


Global Land Survey (GLS) 2005 Status


Current Ground Station ArchitectureLandsat 5 and 7 System View


Landsat Data Policy Details

Non-discriminatory access to unenhanced Landsat data in Internet-accessible digital formats.

Products compliant with recognized data standards, formats, and metadata descriptions.

Open and unrestricted exchange of unenhanced Landsat data products globally in order to improve the availability and applications of the data.

No restrictions on users of unenhanced Landsat data products obtained from the USGS.

The USGS (with State Dept) establishes and supports agreements with foreign governments for the USGS to provide Landsat data via direct downlink or by other means to the international Landsat data user community.


Landsat 8 Data Distribution Synopsis

Data distribution methods and formats may be revised during detailed system design

Data Type Distribution Synopsis Comments

Mission(Raw)

● Available to ICs as specified by cooperative agreement with USGS● Data retrieved from the offline Archive Subsystem for exchange● Low volume data exchange may be copied to the Online Cache for web distribution● High volume data exchange requirements will be distributed on media

● Data restricted to authorized users● Manual distribution process● Collection of binary files (format TBR)

L0Ra

● Available to Cal/Val in support of science data analysis and charcterization● Data retrieved from the near-line Archive Subsystem● Typically data are copied to the Online Cache for web distribution to Cal/Val● Media may be used in special cases involving high data volumes (manual)

● Automated distribution● HDF5-EOS (TBR) format

Standard L0Rp

● Available to all users after on-line registration● Orders are serviced from the Online Cache or processed on-demand● Orders less than 25 scenes are distributed via the web● Bulk orders (>25 scenes) are available to all users after Customer Service request and distributed on media

● Product● Generated for nadir and off-nadir collects● Automated distribution● HDF5-EOS format

Standard L1T(Level 1 Products)

● Available to all users after on-line registration● Orders are serviced from Online Cache or processed on-demand● Orders less than 25 scences are distributed via the web● Bulk orders (>25 scenes) are available to all users after Customer Service request and distributed on media

● Standard Data Product● Automated distribution● Generated for nadir and off-nadir collects● Big GeoTIFF format


Landsat 8 Data Synopsis (cont.)

Data distribution methods and formats may be revised during detailed system design

Data Type Distribution Synopsis Comments

Full Res BrowseQuality Band

Metadata

● Available to all users - Registration not required● Available from the Inventory Subsystem/Online Cache via web distribution

● Automated distribution● Generated for nadir and off-nadir collects● FRB in GeoTIFF (TBR) format

Bulk Metadata● Available to all users after Customer Service request and on-line registration● Available from the Inventory Subsystem/Central Repository via web distribution

● Automated distribution● Will contain thumbnail browse for each associated product● XML format

OtherCal/Val Products

● Available for Cal/Val after initial web registration and session authentication● Processed and placed in the Online Cache for web distribution

● Restricted to Cal/Val users● Generated for nadir and off-nadir collects● Automated distribution● HDF5-EOS format

Calibration Parameter and Bias Parameter Files will be available for download via the UPE.


Data Policy – The Bottom Line . . .

“In accordance with OMB Circular A-130 and USGS Data Policy, the USGS provides selected satellite data products for retrieval via the Internet at no charge to users. Other products that may be ordered by users from the NSLRSDA are provided at no more than COFUR; this includes special arrangements made for users who require higher volumes of Landsat data products than can be provided by standard USGS distribution mechanisms.”


Storage and Archive Approach

Storage SubsystemOnline Storage (Disk)• Internal Cache

• Data Bases• Shared files

•Online Cache • L1T, L0Rp• FRB,QB• GCP image chips

Archive Subsystem• Operational Archive Near-line Storage

• L0Ra• Auxiliary Data• Algorithms• Documentation,• FRB, QB

• Backup Archive Offline Storage (Media)

• Mission (Raw) Data• L0Ra • Auxiliary Data• Algorithms• Documentation• FRB, QB

Off-Site Archive Offline Storage (Media)• Disaster Recovery

• Mission (Raw) Data• Auxiliary Data• Algorithms• Documentation• Software Backups• FRB, QB


Combined Ground Station Network


Landsat Ground Station Historical Perspective

Over the past 35 years, over 50 ground stations have been configured to receive Landsat data.

Currently, there are 24 ground stations around the world that are configured to operationally receive Landsat data (19 currently active).

Beyond the current stations, there are 9 historical collection sites operated by 7 organizations that we believe could have a significant, unique historical archive.


Current Ground Station ArchitectureLandsat 5 and 7 Ground Segment Data Flow

RCC Data Capture(DCS)

Capture and Initial Processing ArchivingProduction and

Distribution

IGS L5/7 Data

Tapes

L7 Archive Processing

(LPS)

L1-5 – L1G/Gt/P/TL7 – L1G/Gt/P/T

Nearline (Silo) Archive(LAM)

L1-5 MSS / TM, and L7 ETM+

(RCC and L0Ra for All Sensors)

Product Generation

(LPGS)

Product Generation

(NLAPS)

Delivery toCustomerCD, DVD, DLT, FTP

L7 – L1R/G/Gt/T

L7 – L0Rp

L1-5 Archive Processing

(LACS)

L1-5 HistoricalArchive Tapes

(Completed)

Offline (Shelf) Archive

(MSS-X Data)


Landsat 8 Ground System

NASA Ground Network

NASA Space

Network (WSC)

S-Band

S-Band

S-Band

X-Band(RT & PB)

EROS Antenna

Fairbanks Antenna

Ground Network Element

Launch ServicesSegment(VAFB)

InternationalCooperators

(ICs)

InternationalCooperators

(ICs)

X-Band(RT)

MOC

Collection Activity Planning Element

Mission Operations

Element

bMOC

FDF

NCEP

Cal/Val TeamCal/Val Team

FOTFOT

S-Band

Space Segment

LDCM Observatory

UserCommunity

UserCommunity

Data Processing& Archive Segment

Special Request,State Vectors,Definitive Ephemeris Data,Metadata

Level 1 Products

L0Ra

Search & Discovery

Data Products

Algorithm Updates

Browse

Image ProcessingElement

Storage & ArchiveElement

User PortalElement

Flight Operations Segment

Support Data

Mission Data

Command Uplink &Telemetry Data

Telemetry &Commanding

Coordination

Cloud CoverPredicts

Legend

Image Data FlowRF InterfacesNarrowband WANSystem and Human InterfacesLDCM Ground System

IC Mask,Standing Orders,Station Availability

Data Collection Request

Metadata,CPF

Support Data

Calibration Maneuvers & Request

InfrastructureElement

Orbit Information

Telemetry,Attitude

NISN

Flight Software

FlightSoftwareVendor

Publish Reports

ROLO

Total Lunar Irradiance

Level 1 Products

MissionData

LDCC Development / Integration

TSSC Development / Integration

26


Landsat 5 Spacecraft Status

HIGH GAIN ANTENNA• 8/85 Transmitter A failure

MULTI-SPECTRAL SCANNER• 8/95 Band 4 failure

SOLAR ARRAY DRIVE / PANELS• 01/05 Primary Solar Array Drive failure• Nominal Solar array panel degradation (12/04)• 11/05 Redundant Solar Array Drive Malfunction

COARSE SUN SENSORS

GPS ANTENNA• Not Operational

OMNI ANTENNAS

ACS MODULE• 07/03 FHST#1 Degradation• Skew wheel tack anomaly 10/92• 11/92 Earth Sensor 1 failure• 02/02 Earth Sensor 2 failure• Intermittent operations possible

PROPULSION MODULE• 3/84 Primary Thruster D failure

POWER MODULE• 05/04 Battery 1 failure /

Removed from power circuits• 10/07 1 of 22 Cells fails on

Battery #2THEMATIC MAPPER• 10/94 Power Supply 1 stuck switch• 06/02 TM switched to bumper mode

WIDEBAND COMM. MODULE• 07/88 Ku-band TWTA Prime failure (OCP)• 07/92 Ku-band TWTA Redundant failure (OCP)• 08/87 X-band TWTA Prime failure (OCP) • 03/06 X-band TWTA Redundant Anomaly

X-BAND ANTENNA

DIRECT ACCESS S-BAND• 03/94 Side A FWD Power Sensor failure

COMM & DATA HANDLING MODULE• Located back side of s/c


Landsat 7 Spacecraft Status

Attitude Control System

X-band SystemS-band System

Performance nominal

Enhanced Thematic Mapper +

Electrical Power System Batteries:

Performance nominal

Solid State Recorder

Reaction Control System •1/07/04 Fuel line #4 thermostat #1a failure.•2/24/05 Fuel line #4 thermostat #1b failure•Thermostat 2a shows signs of failure•No impact to ops; extended plan in place

Solar array:•5/14/2002 Circuit #14 Failure•5/16/2005 Circuit # 1 Failure•14 circuits remain operating•no impact to ops

•11/15/1999 SSR PWA #23 Loss•02/11/2001 SSR PWA #12 Loss•12/07/2005 SSR PWA #02 Loss•08/02/2006 SSR PWA #13 Loss•03/29/2008 SSR PWA #22 Loss•Each PWA is 4% loss of launch capacity•Boards are likely recoverable

Performance nominal

•05/05/2004 Gyro 3 Shut Off •Singe gyro control system in development

•5/31/2003 SLC Failure •4/01/2007 SAM -> Bumper mode


Landsat Global Archive Consolidation

The USGS is evaluating the process, cost and relative merit for consolidating a copy of the global archive of historical Landsat imagery. There is growing concern about the state of historical archives, especially at

inactive stations where we have no active contacts. At this point, it is not known what the historical archive extent is. There is an increasing interest from user community and USGS/NASA for

more frequent surveys. New tools such as Large Area Scene Selection Interface (LASSI) are being

developed and made available to support large scale scene selections/data mining.

A consolidated archive would better support/facilitate global change analysis and assessment.

Determine the location, extent and condition of the historical Landsat archives around the world.

Generate a list of the instrument (RBV, MSS, TM, ETM+), data format and media type at each location.

Assess the equipment, software, logistics and level of effort necessary to acquire, ingest, process and archive the data.

Develop an estimated cost and schedule for project.