ObjectivesIn this module, you will learn to:

Explaining Optic Fiber

History of Fiber

WHY Fiber Network?

Application of Fiber

Execution Stages in Fiber Netowrk

OPTIC FIBER

Explaining Optic Fiber

OPTIC FIBERExplaining Optic

FiberA technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data(message). A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional metal communications lines: Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means that they can carry more data. Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to interference.

OPTIC FIBERExplaining Optic

FiberFiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires. Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural form for computer data) rather than analogically. The main disadvantage of fiber optics is that the cables are expensive to install. In addition, they are more fragile than wire and are difficult to splice. Fiber optics is a particularly popular technology for local-area networks. In addition, telephone companies are steadily replacing traditional telephone lines with fiber optic cables. In the future, almost all communications will employ fiber optics.

OPTIC FIBER

History

OPTIC FIBERHistory

Fiber optics, though used extensively in the modern world, is a fairly simple, and relatively old, technology. Guiding of light by refraction, the principle that makes fiber optics possible, was first demonstrated in Paris in the early 1840s. John Tyndall included a demonstration of it in his public lectures in London, 12 years later.The principle was first used for internal medical examinations by Heinrich Lamm in the following decade.

OPTIC FIBERHistory

Modern optical fibers, where the glass fiber is coated with a transparent cladding to offer a more suitable refractive index, appeared later in the decade. Development then focused on fiber bundles for image transmission. Robust modern optical fiber uses glass for both core and sheath, and is therefore less prone to aging. It was invented by Gerhard Bernsee of Schott Glass in Germany in 1973.The emerging field of photonic crystals led to the development in 1991 of photonic-crystal fiber,[21] which guides light by diffraction from a periodic structure, rather than by total internal reflection. The first photonic crystal fibers became commercially available in 2000.Photonic crystal fibers can carry higher power than conventional fibers and their wavelength-dependent properties can be manipulated to improve performance

OPTIC FIBER

WHY FIBER?

OPTIC FIBEREssence & Application of Fiber

NetworkHow can fiber optics be

used?The possibilities for fiber optics are nearly endless because they are very flexible and durable, even under extreme conditions, and the signal cannot be easily distorted.

They also don’t require much power and are efficient. Today, they are used mostly in telecommunications, such as in cable TV and internet.

OPTIC FIBEREssence & Application of Fiber

NetworkHow do they compare to the old-fashioned metal wires?

Fiber optics are thinner and more flexible; therefore they are lighter and take up less space.They can carry more information. They use less power and are more efficient because they don’t degrade as much over time.They are better suited to carrying digital signals (i.e. computer information).There is no electricity passing through them, so you won’t burn your house down.

If you were to make a phone call to Europe, traditionally the signal would go up to a satellite and then back down to Europe. That process can create distortion and echoes. With fiber optics, if the call is transmitted through a transatlantic fiber optic cable, there is a direct connection, so your call will be more clear!

OPTIC FIBEREssence & Application of Fiber

NetworkParts of the Fibre Optic System

A fibre optic system has four main components:

Transmitter : Converts a signal, for example sound, into a pattern of light.

Optical Fiber : The cable that conducts the light patterns over large distances.

Optical Regenerator : In transmittance, some light energy may be lost. This device boosts the light signal back up to continue its journey. This is used for signals sent over very large distances.

Optical Receiver: Converts the light patterns back to an understandable message, (i.e., sound).

OPTIC FIBER

Execution Stages ?

OPTIC FIBERExecution

Planning & Design of Cable Network Cable Route Survey, Planning & Design of Cable Networks

..\Project\ZTE\Fibre Optic\Kebbi\DESIGN DRAWING_ GLO OFC_KEBBI STATE\GLO OFC Kebbi 808-806 Design DRW.pdf

Civil work Survey & TSD (Technical Site Drawing)

Auto Cad Drawings on Civil & Cable Route Design

Quantity Survey(QS)/Detailed Estimation

Material Procurement Plan

Right of Way (ROW) & other Regulatory permit Acquisition..\Project\ZTE\Fibre Optic\Kebbi\ROW\Kebbi ROW Approval0001.pdf

Statutory/Government Liaison

OPTIC FIBERExecution

Civil Engineering & ConstructionExcavation & Backfilling (Soft, Hard & Rocky Soil)

General Pipe Laying (PVC, Galvanize , HDPE, Flexible & Bend Pipe)

Construction of Man Holes, Hand Holes & Joint Boxes

Concrete Breaking and Re-Instatement

Asphalt Breaking & Re-Instatement

Road Crossing & Bridge Crossing

Thrust Boring

OPTIC FIBERExecution

Implementation & Commissioning ServicesDetail Survey & Design of Fiber Cable Route

Cable Blowing, OFC Laying, Stringing & OFC Pulling (Manual)

OFC Drum Testing

Cabinet ,Patch Panels & ODF/MDF Termination

Shelter Entry & Installation

Optical Fiber Cable Installation

OFC Splicing, Termination , Link Testing & Commissioning

As-Built Designs & Documentation

OPTIC FIBERExecution

BACKFILLED TRENCH AND ROUTE MARKER EXCAVATION OF ASPHALT WITH ASPHALT CUTTING MACHINE AND JACK HAMMER

OPTIC FIBERExecution

BACKFILLING IN PROGRESS

OPTIC FIBERExecution

CASTED HAND HOLES HH Planting

OPTIC FIBERExecution

Blowing of Optical Fiber