field data studies

7/21/2019 Field Data Studies

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/field-data-studies 1/168

DayId Date Survey segment Surveryors Comments

1 Gorg.palya to Hebbal




5 Hebbal to Gorg.

6 Hebbal to Gorg.7 Hebbal to Gorg.



!rom" goraguntepalya Surveyors

#o" $%S r&ng road Date"

Id #&me 'o(at&on D&stres type 'at 'ong D&str

'engt)

1 7.**am +t bmt(,-un(t&on o tum/ur road0 bus stop tot)ole 13.*2 77.54 *.45

2 at() or/ 13.*31 77.54151 33

3 at() or/ 13.*32*3 77.54*64 15.

4 an& &ne s)op +ll&gator (ra(/ 13.*32* 77.54*63 .

5 at() or/ 13.*321 77.54*64 2.3

6 ear (entral manua(tur&ng te()nolog&(al &nat() or/ 13.*3255 77.54*75 7.

7 &t 13.*3255 77.54*75 1.2

at() or/ 13.*3266 77.54*75 1

+t magnum )onda at() or/ 13.*331 77.54* 25.

1* $agnum )onda oppos&te gate at() or/ 13.*3335 77.54*3 6.3

11 &t 13.*3436 77.54111 1.3



12 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*343 77.54112 3

13 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*343 77.54112 .

14 S(al&ng 1.6

15 at() or/ 13.*346 77.54122 4.4

16 %dge brea/ *.

17 ear sura(e 13.*3526 77.54131 1.5

1 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*3566 77.54134 1

1 .3*am 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*3566 77.54134 2.1

2* .35am +t C8+% 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*3572 77.54114 1*.



21 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*354 77.54151 .3

22 9avell&ng 13.*354 77.54151 .3

23 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*354 77.54151 7

24 ort) o ( : a e 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*35 77.54144 2.6

25 9avell&ng 13.*35 77.54144 1.3

26 ort) o ( : a e &t 13.*35 77.54144 1.3

27 ort) o ( : a e at() or/ 13.*3673 77.5416 1.5

2 ear ele(tr&(&ty pole r&tten as a5 &t 13.*3711 77.54167 1.2

2 at() or/ 13.*375 77.5412 3.

3* Sout) o (urve s&gn board &t 13.*3*7 77.541 1.5

31 &t 13.*31 77.5417 1

32 &t 13.*323 77.541 2.4

33 ravel 13.*332 77.5412 3.2



34 ot)ole 13.*37 77.5424 *.*2

35 ;eore or/ start port&on +ll&gator (ra(/ 13.*31 77.5425 6*

36 13.*31 77.54261

37 .25am 13.*4123 77.5454

3 .32am Inront o pra-al &ndustry let lane &t 13.*4155 77.54652 1.4

3 +ll&gator (ra(/ 13.*4165 77.5464 1.3

4* &t 13.*4174 77.547* *.

41 ravel 13.*41 77.54733 .

42 (ra(/ 13.*42*2 77.54*3 1.5

43 Inront o pus)pa/ (omple< rut 13.*42*3 77.5416 dept) 2(

44 (ra(/ 13.*42*3 77.5416 3.2

45 &t 13.*42* 77.54* 1

46 rut 13.*42*2 77.5431 dept) 1(

47 45m sout) o speed brea/er (ra(/ 13.*42*2 77.5431 *.5

4 &t 13.*423 77.54 1

4 ravel 13.*4231 77.54 7.

5* &t 13.*4233 77.54 1.1

51 &t 13.*4235 77.5421 1

52 D&d overlay rom )ere



53 ear 3rd ma&n ba)ubal& nagar p&t 13.*4256 77.5457 1

54 13.*4257 77.545 1.5

55 9avell&ng 13.*43*5 77.55111 5.

56 1*.3*am &t 13.*43*5 77.55111 1

57 1*.35am 13.*4312 77.55144

5 ;eore and ater speed brea/er ravel

5 Sout) o mot)er t)eresa s()ool speed brea/+ll&gator (ra(/ 2.

6* $ot)er t)eresa (omp. p.u.(ollege dra&nage (ond&t&o 13.*4334 77.5521

61 &t 13.*4343 77.5523 *.7

62 &t 13.*4364 77.552 *.

63 &t 13.*4363 77.553*2 *.

64 &t 13.*436 77.553* 1.6

65 9avell&ng 13.*437 77.533 7.

66 1*.55 7t) ma&n ba)ubal& nagar ot)ole 13.*436 77.55333 1

Start 'o( =#C' sub stat&on 7t) ma&n road ba)ubal& nagar Surveyors S)as)& > en/at

%nd 'o( D%I nagar bus stop Date 2?1?2*14



1 6.25am ort) o 7t) ma&n road ;a)ubal& nagar pot 13.*4373 77.5534 *.

2 $%S road bus stop rav 13.*431 77.5535 16.4

3 (ar&ag 13.*43 77.55411

4 let lane

5 r&g)t lane

6 med&an

7 ear /pt(l sub o@(e pat() 13.*436 77.554 1.5

pat() 13.*43 77.55411 .1

rut 13.*431 77.554111* +t ;%' (&r(le bus stop edge brea/ 13.*431 77.55411

11 Anderpass start po&nt 13.*441 77.5547



12 Ander pass end po&nt 13.*4445 77.56226

13 7.*5am %nd po&nt o (on(rete pavement ull d&stess area 13.*4446 77.5622 4.4

14 =uvempu (&r(le bus stop ravel 13.*445 77.5624 .6

15 trans (ra(/ 13.*4465 77.5625 .5

16 s(al&ng 13.*4471 77.56266 1.1

17 7.3*am p&t 13.*44 77.563*4 1.2



1 pot 13.*441 77.563*1 1

1 p&t 13.*447 77.563*5 1.5

2* pot

21 ort) o 9B; (ra(/s 13.*46 77.56744 2*.

22 7.5*am ort) o 9B; (ra(/s 13.*467 77.567 47

23 13.*46 77.56*

24 7.55am (ra(/s 13.*47 77.563

25 sag or uneveness 13.*467 77.563 .1

26 ravel 13.*47 77.5655



27 13.*47 77.5655

2 .*5am ;eore dev&nagar bus stop (ra(/s 13.*47*2 77.567 .4

Start 'o( Dev&nagar bus stop Surveyors S)as)& > en/at

%nd 'o( Hebbal Date 1?*2?2*14

Id #&me 'o(at&on av. Ino 'at. 'ong. D&stress

'engt)

1 6.3*am Sout) o $unesar temple at() 13.*47*2 77.567 23.1

2 6.4*am &t 13.*47*5 77.5627 *.

3



4 6.43am Speed brea/er 13.*4715 77.565

5 ort) o speed brea/er 9avel 13.*4717 77.566 21.7

6 9ut

7 &t 13.*4715 77.56 1.4

6.5*am 9avel 13.*4715 77.56

'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4715 77.56 17.7



1* 7.**am 9ut 13.*472 77.57*6

11 #ransverse (ra(/s 13.*4725 7757*5 *.*1

12 #ransverse (ra(/s 13.*4724 77.57* *.*1

13 7.*5am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4725 77.5713 2*

14 9ut

15 7.1*am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4725 77.57147 1.2



16 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4727 77.57164 55.5

17 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*472 77.572*

1 9ut

1 7.15am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*473 77.5721 3

2* Start&ng po&nt o 3' d&v&ded (ar&agay 13.*4736 77.5727



21 ot Hole 13.*4745 77.57333 *.5

22 9avel 13.*4745 77.5736 25

23 !lyover start po&nt 13.*4745 77.5736

24 7.5*am !lyover end po&nt 13.*4761 77.57*1

25 %<(ess mater&al 13.*475 77.5716



26 7.53am 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4746 77.5744 .3

27 'ong > #rans (ra( 13.*4737 77.5761 1.4

2 9ut

2 #ransverse (ra(/s 13.*4727 77.5774 2

3* #ransverse (ra(/s 13.*47*6 77.5**2 4

31 #ransverse (ra(/s 13.*464 77.5*16 2



327.55am

33 7.56am 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*463 77.5*33 3

34 .**am Inront o 'a/sm& Garden 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4674 77.5*46 1*.4

35 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4651 77.5*75

36 .*3am 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4623 77.5111 12

37 .16am 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*455 77.51



3 9ut

3 9avel 13.*455 77.51 2*

4* 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4535 77.5215 6

41 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4521 77.5234 16

42 .25am an bandar s)op 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*45*5 77.5253 2.4

Start 'o( Goraguntepalya Surveyors S)as)& > en/at

%nd 'o( Hebbal Date 2*?*2?2*14

Id #&me 'o(at&on av. Ino 'at. 'ong. D&stress +



'engt)

16.4*am ort) o an ;)and)ar s)op 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*445 77.5266

2 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4466 77.5311 5

3 Aneven sura(e 13.*442 77.524

46.5*am #ransverse (ra(/s 13.*4462 77.5317 *.*1

56.53am Hebbal par/ +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4435 77.535 3.2

6 13.*444 77.5356



7 7.**am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4433 77.5362 1.2

9uts

9avel&ng

1* 7.1*am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*443 77.5371 6.4

11 7.15am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*442 77.5372 4

12 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*442 77.535 2

13 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4412 77.535

14 In ront o Hebal pol&(e stat&on ot Hole 13.*44*1 77.5412 1



15 9avel 13.*44*1 77.5411 15

16 7.2*am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*432 77.5443 *.5

17 7.25am Hebbal bus stop 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*4362 77.5474

1 7.27am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4347 77.54 1.

1 7.3*am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*433 77.554 6

2* +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4322 77.556

21 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*431 77.557



22 7.4*am all&gator (ra(/s 13.*4314 77.5614 17.

23 7.45am Hebbal ra&lay entran(e 13.*43*7 77.5646

24 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*43*3 77.5653

25 13.*43*2 77.5663 .3

26 9avel

27 7.53am S&gn ;oard 9oad D&re(t&on 13.*42 77.57



2 .**am +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*43 77.564 3.5

2 13.*43*7 77.57 1

3* .1*am Hebbal s&gnal stop +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*42 77.5** 15

%D BI# 13.*42 77.5**

Date 23?*2?2*14

6.3 Hebbala survey start po&nt 13.*4271 77.5**3



6.46 9avel 13.*4266 77.567 1.5

6.5* %<tra mater&al 13.*426 77.554

Cra(/s 13.*426 77.554 2.2

'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*426 77.544

6.55 9utt&ng 13.*424 77.553

6.57 ;leed&ng 13.*424 77.547 .7

7.** +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4266 77.573 3.5



9avel 13.*4266 77.573

7.*5 Bpen&ng po&nt 13.*4272 77.57*

7.* %<tra mater&al 13.*421 77.56*3

7.12 9utt&ng 13.*431 77.553

7.14 Cra(/s 13.*4316 77.551

7.16 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*431 77.5517 4

7.3* +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*43 77.533 1*.6



7.35 Cra(/s 13.*4411 77.536

Cra(/s 13.*4417 77.5353

7.36 Cra(/s 13.*443 77.5333

7.4* 'ong&tud&nal (ra(/ 13.*447 77.5273

7.42 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4475 77.5267

7.44 %dge brea/ 13.*442 77.523 2.5



+ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4475 77.5267

7.46 +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*44 77.5233 1

9utt&ng

ot )oles

7.5* +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4575 77.513 13.

.** D&re(t&on board ,;D+0 13.*46 77.57

'ane mar/ start po&&nt 13.*4734 77.571

13.*4754 77.527



.17 ;)adrappa layout bus stop,3'0 13.*471 77.57374

.2* ear sura(e 13.*4715 77.57275

.24 9utt&ng

.2 Bpen&ng po&nt 13.*47*3 77.57*5

;us stand po&nt 13.*47 77.57*34

.31 Speed brea/er po&nt 13.*446 77.57*21

.34 Aneven sura(e 13.*467 77.57*1

.4* Dev& nagar bus stop d&re(t&on board 13.*4665 77.56

.41 +ter dev& nagar bus stop ot )ole? p&t 13.*464 77.565 1.7



.45 Aneven sura(e 13.*462 77.5631

Anderpass start po&nt 13.*462 77.5631

Anderpass end po&nt 13.*444 77.56272

.5* ;us stop,/uvempu (&r(le0 13.*444 77.56272

D&t() 13.*441 77.563*6 1

.54 Start po&nt o underpass 13.*4435 77.56252

%nd po&nt o underpass 13.*435 77.55461



.*2 ;%' (&r(le bus stop 13.*435 77.5542

+ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*435 77.5541 2.7

+ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*436 77.4*2

.15 Speed brea/er po&nt 13.*437 77.55352

.26 ear etrol bun/ +ll&gator (ra(/s 13.*4374 77.5536

13.*4366 77.55341

.2 9avel 13.*4362 77.55331 13



.2 9utt&ng 13.*4354 77.553*2

.32 Speed brea/er po&nt,(urve s)ape0 13.*431 77.55166

.35 Speed brea/er po&nt,re(tangular s)ape0 13.*43*2 77.55142

.36 Inront o ;ala-& med&(al s)op %dge brea/ 13.*424 77.55*1 2

.42 +ter speed brea/er 9avel 13.*423 77.5413 6

.46 ear speed brea/er beore speed brea/er 9avel 13.*4231 77.5415 3

.5* Dra&nage p&t l&ne &t 13.*4231 77.5415

.52 Cra(/s 13.*4215 77.5465



en/at > S)as)&

2?16?2*14

es area Des(r&pt&on

&dt)

*.2mult&ple (ra(/s &t)&n 3*(m &dt)

3.6let s&de

3.4let s&de

2.3let s&de

5.4let s&de

3.6let s&de

*.let s&de

2.6let s&de

2.7let s&de

2.3let s&de

*.5let s&de



*.*1m&ddle s&de

*.*1m&ddle s&de

1.4let s&de

2.5let s&de

*.4let s&de

1.1m&ddle s&de

*.*1rom let s&de toards 5*(m r&g)t

*.*1 let s&de

*.*2mult&ple (ra(/s &t)&n 3*(m &dt)



*.15

*.3

*.*2

*.*1

*.*4

1

3.1

*.

3

1

1

1 road &s not properly (ompa(ted

*.*5



*.*5

3.5beore or/ start port&on

rom )ere grade separator or/ &s under progress

upto )ere grade separator or/ &s under progress

1

*.

1

*.2

*.7

*.

1.2

2.1

*.5

*.*2

*.7

1



1

1.5speed brea/er &s present at mot)er t)eresa s()ool

*.5at t)e speed brea/er port&on e observed more ravelled port&on

*.3.m beore speed brea/er t)&n l&ne o ravel port&on &s p)ere.

*.3

*.7

very bad (ond&t&on o t)e dra&nage p)oto ta/en

*.

1

*.

*.5

*.3

1.1m.e.s. bus stop &s t)ere



1.3 r&g)t s&de o let lane

*.3

2*m &de road

.m

.m

*.5m

3.4

2.6

dept)" .15m*.1m

!rom t)&s po&nt (on(rete pavement &ll starts



at t)e s&des o t)e road dust &s stored. +nd no proper dra&nage a(&l&ty o

5.5more d&sressed area re(onstru(t&on or overlay &s re:u&red

4 road &s &dened rom )ere

*.2on m&ddle o t)e let lane toards r&g)t s&de (ra(/s are present

*.*2p)oto &s to be atta()

1.1on r&g)t s&de o let lane



*.5on r&g)t s&de o let lane

*.7a(tually t)at &s (able or/ p&t

t)ere are 2 no. o pot)oles present at or surround&ngs o 9B;

1 let lane r&g)t )eel pat)

2 )ole let lane &s ull o m&nor (ra(/s (ra(/s start pos&t&on

group l&/e (ra(/s bul/ o (ra(/ area observed beteen start and end po&

end o (ra(/ area

upto 15m ull o road &dt) o let lane ravel area &s present



speed brea/er pos&t&on

Day 2 or/ (ompleted

#otal d&stan(e (overed" 1.6/m

Des(r&pt&on

&dt)

3.2

pat() port&on &s also &n a very poor (ond&t&on

*.6

to &nsert (ables t)ey dug t)e p&t but t)ey d&d not (lose t)e p&t

&den&ng o pavement or/ started )ere but &dened pavement and o



1.all along t)e r&g)t )eel pat) ravelled rot&on &s present.

It &s to be nal&se

1.6 &t &s present at t)e let edge s&de o t)e (ar&ageay

*.**1very t)&n )a&r l&ne (ra(/s &s present all along t)e roaday



It &s to be nal&se

*.very t)&nl &ne (ra(/s are present perpend&(ular to t)e (arr&ageay

2.5

1

It &s to be nal&se

*.



1 (ra(/ &s present all along t)e road ay &t &s 55.5m e<tended parallel to t

Apto )ere t)&n )a&rl&ne (ra(/ &s e<tended

It &s to be nal&se

1.

Start&ng po&nt o 3' d&v&ded (ar&agay



*.7

&t &s a small pot)ole present &n beteen let lane and m&ddle lane o let

2.m t)&s &s present &n tapered port&on start&ng po&nt o yover

yover start po&nt

yover end po&nt

)eap o H$+ m&< &s present at t)e r&g)t )eel pat) o t)e let lane



*.*1

*.5Here e observed t)e large number o (ra(/s all along t)e roaday

It &s to be nal&se

*.*2#)ese are very t)&n (ra(/s observed perpend&(ular to t)e (ar&agay



*.*1ery t)&n )a&r l&ne (ra(/s are present

*.*2

2

*.*1'ong&tud&nal (ra(/s,start pos&t&on0

'ong&tud&nal (ra(/s,end pos&t&on0



It &s to be nal&se

2 !ull eared sura(e &s present

*.*2

2

*.*2

rea Des(r&pt&on



&dt)

very (ommon all along t)e road &n&t&al stage o severe d&stress

*.*1very t)&n )a&r l&ne (ra(/s e<tends upto 5m all along t)e roaday

Dur&ng (onstru(t&on mater&als ere let as &t &s.

*.3very small (ra(/ port&on

1.3$ed&um severe (ra(/s port&on &s t)ere.

'orry open&ng &s t)ere at t)&s GS po&nt



*.3'ess severe (ra(/ port&on &s present on t)e pavement

It &s to be nd out

+t t)e m&ddle lane and &n beteen )eel pat)s ravel&ng &s present

2 #)&s &s a med&um severe (ra(/

1 #)&s &s a med&um severe (ra(/

1 #)&s &s a less severe (ra(/

+ll along t)e road &t &s e<tended. but less severe

*.'engt) o pot )ole &s more t)an &dt)



1 It &s very (ommon all along t)e roaday

1 ery less severe (ra(/ &t &s.

Stopp&ng po&nt o long&tud&nal (ra(/s rom Id 2

*.+ga&n less severe (ra(/s are t)ere.

1 ery less severe (ra(/ &t &s. +lso long&tud&nal (ra(/s starts )ere

'ess severe (ra(/ port&on &s present on t)e pavement

'ess severe (ra(/ port&on &s present on t)e pavement



2 Here onards )&g) severe (ra(/s are t)ere.

Apto )ere (ra(/s are t)ere

Start&ng po&nt o all&gator (ra(/s

1.3%nd po&nt o all&gator (ra(/s

1.5+ll along t)e roaday &t &s t)ere.



1.2ear to Hebbal (&r(le &t s& t)ere.

1

2.+t Hebbal s&gnal stop )&g) severe all&gator (ra(/s are t)ere.

Hebbal s&gnal Island

!rom Eebra (ross po&nt



1.5

It also aFe(ts pavement serv&(eab&l&ty

*.1

'ess severe (ra(/s

#o be nd out

2



+ll along t)e lane on r&g)t s&de

Start po&nt o (ra(/s

*.

1.5



'ess severe (ra(/s

9e(tangular s)aped (ra(/s

9e(tangular s)aped (ra(/s

.*3,apro<0



*.

#o be nd out

1.2,apro<0 +lso end o long&tud&nal (ra(/s

+lso start o (urve po&nt

%nd o ravel

!ly over start po&nt



!ly over end po&nt

ot un(t&on&ng

*.



*.



Start

%nd $&ddle o speed brea/er

Start #otal lengt) ,12.5.0

%nd

1.4



!rom petrol bun/ &t started

+lso end o rutt&ng

*.4

+lso speed brea/er po&nt

In transverse d&re(t&on a l&ne &s (utted

'ess severe (ra(/s



(arr&ageay &dt)" 12.5m

Comments



(omnd&t&on o t)&s type o pavement &s good but rout&ne ma&ntenan(e &s essent&al



served at underpass



t)ere are numerous number o (ra(/s present

&nt o (ra(/ area



Comments

a(tually &t &s (able or/ made p&t.

+lso dra&nage &s lled &t) &rt) debr&es and aste mater&als



&t (an be seen at m&ddle port&on o let lane

t)&s may be due to &mproper (ompa(t&on o bottom layers o e<&ble pavement



(ra(/s are present on let lane o r&g)t )eel pat)



)e roaday

along &t) t)e (ra(/s rutt&ng &s more on )eel pat)s

upto )ere 2' (r&agay

Start&ng po&nt o 3' d&v&ded (ar&agay



(arr&ageay

more dust &s (olle(ted )ere

e )ave v&deo o t)e (ond&t&on o t)e yover

e )ave v&deo o t)e (ond&t&on o t)e yover



Comments



Here onards (ra(/s and pot)oles are more.



It &s present at t)e let edge o m&ddle lane

It &s present at r&g)t edge o m&dle lane

In&t&al stage o (ra(/



t)&s less severe (ra(/s may e<tend &n uture.

+ter +l&g (ra(/s long&tud&nal (ra(/s starts



lat" 13.*3443 long" 77.54112 lane &dt)" 4.6m

D&stan(e )otos

*m

35*m

4**m



75*m



1***m



11**m

15**m

15*1m

17**m



1**m

2***m

21**m

24**m



24*1m

25**m

2**m

2*1m



37**m

34**m

335*m



37**m

375*m

3**m

3**m



42**m

D&stan(e

42*1m



5**m



5**m

DIstan(e )otos Suggest&on ;o<



5*1



67**m



()&nage +verage (ra(/ per(ent

rom #o ' Cra(/ + Cra(/

'engt) &dt) #otal 'engt) &dt) #otal

* 1.1 3 *.*1 *.*3 .5 2.3 21.5

. *.*1 *.* .3 *.15 1.35

1 *.*1 *.*1 6 3.5 21

2.1 *.*1 *.*211*. *.*2 *.21

7 *.*2 *.14

2.6 *.*1 *.*26

1.1 2.3 7. *.*2 *.156 1.3 *. 1.*4

1.5 *.7 1.*5

3.2 *. 2.

*.5 2.1 1.*5

2.3 3.6 .4 *.*2 *.1 .5 *.2 1.7

26.1 1 26.1

47 2 4

26. 1 26.

47 2 4

.4 *.1 *.4

3.6 5.4 17.7 *.*1 *.177 2* 1 2*

*.*1 *. *.** 1.2 *. *.6

*.*1 2.5 *.*25 55 1 55

.3 *.*2 *.16 1.4 *.5 .2

2 *.*2 *.*4

5.4 6.7 4 *.*2 *.* 2 16

2 *.*2 *.*4 16 2 32

3 *.*1 *.*3 3.2 1.3 4.16

1*.4 *.*2 *.2* 1.2 *.5 *.6

12 *.*1 *.12 6.4 2 12.



6 *.*2 *.12 4 1 4

2.4 *.*2 *.*4 2 1 2

5 *.*2 1.16 *.5 1 *.5

*.*1 *.3 *.**3 1. *. 1.52

6 1.2 7.2

17. 2 35.

.3 1.3 12.*3.5 1 3.5



at() 9avel 9ut %dge ;rea/

'engt) &dt) #otal 'engt) &dt) #otal mm 'engt) &dt)

33 3.6 11. 1.3 *.5 *.65 *. *.4

15. 3.4 53.72 1.5 1.1 1.65

2.3 5.4 12.42 .3 *.3 2.7

7. 3.6 2.* 1.3 *.4 *.521 2.6 46. 3.2 *.5 1.6

25. 2.7 6.3

6.3 2.3 14.4

4.4 2.5 11

1.5 3.1 6*.45

3. 3 11.7

. *.2 1.

5. *.5 2.

*.3 2.7

*.7 *. *.63

7. *.3 2.34

16.4 *.3 4.2

.6 4 34.4

23.1 3.2 73.2 21.7 2

3 2

1.5 1 1.5



ot)ole

#otal 'engt) &dt) #otal

*.32 *.45 *.2 *.126

1.3 *.5 *.65

1.3 1 1.3

1.2 *. 1.*1.5 *. 1.35

1 1 1

2.4 1 2.4

*.*2 *.*5 *.**1

1.4 1 1.4

*. 1 *.

1 1.2 1.2

1 *.5 *.51.1 *.7 *.77

1 1 1

1 1 1

1.5 1.5 2.25

1 *. *.

*. 1 *.

*. *. *.1

1.6 *.5 *.

*. 1.3 1.*4

1.2 1.1 1.32

1 *.5 *.5

1.5 *.7 1.*5

1.2 1.1 1.32

1 *.5 *.5

1.5 *.7 1.*5

1.2 1.1 1.32

1 *.5 *.5

1.5 *.7 1.*5

43.4 *. *.6 *.54

6 1.4 1.6 2.24

*.25 *.25 *.*625

*.5 *.7 *.35

1 *.5 *.5



C)a&nage

!rom #o 'engt) &dt) #otal area ' (ra(/ (ra(/ ar

* 1.1 11** 7 77** *.543 *.**71

1.1 2.3 12** 7 4** *.156 *.**1

2.3 3.6 13** . 1274* *.1 *.**15

3.6 5.4 1** . 1764* *.436 *.**25

5.4 6.7 13** . 1274* 1. *.*141*.*27*

1.1 to 2.3

3.6 to 5.4

* to 1.1

5.4 to 6.7

2.3 to 3.6



+ (ra(/ (ra(/s #otal (ra(/9avel ravel at() pat() %dge brea

44.24 *.57 *.516 7.21 *.*4 427.4 5.55 3.2

6.*2 *.*7 *.*735 .21 *.* * *.** *

243.64 1.1 1.13 * *.*** 41.66 *.33 *

5.16 *.4 *.452 * *.*** 73.2 *.42 4.4

212.17 1.67 1.675 1.5 *.*12 * *.** *4.71 4.733

*.*7 G *.*4 *.**

*.4 G *.* *.**

*.57 ! *.*** *.33

1.67 *.*** *.42

1.1 *.*12 5.55



edge br ot)ole

*.*4 7.*7 *.1*

*.** .2 *.12

*.** 15.3 *.12

*.2 3.1 *.*2

*.** *.5 *.**

*.*42

*.***

*.***

*.2*

*.***



C)a&nage

!rom #o 'engt) &dt) #otal area ' (ra(/ (ra(/ ar+ (ra(/

* 1.1 11** 7 77** *.543 *.**7*5 44.24

1.1 2.3 ** 7 56** *.156 *.**27 6.*2

2.3 3.6 3** . 24* *.1 *.**63 243.64

3.6 4.2 6** . 5* *.2 *.**34* 4*

4.2 5.4 6** . 5* *.236 *.**4*1 45.165.4 6.7 13** . 1274* 1. *.*1413 212.17



(ra(/s #otal (ra(/ 9avel ravel at() pat() %dge brea edge br

*.57 *.6 7.21 *.*4 427.4 5.55 3.2 *.*4

*.11 *.1 .21 *.147 * *.** * *.**

.2 .3 * *.*** 41.66 1.42 * *.**

*.6 *.7 * *.*** 35 *.6* 2* *.34

*.77 *. * *.*** 3.2 *.66 24 *.413.61 3.6 1.5 *.*26 * *.** * *.**

14.*3 14.1



ot)ole

7.*7 *.1*

.2 *.1

12.16 *.41

1.5 *.*3

1.6 *.*3*.5 *.*1

field data studies

Documents