fij 01 fapy; vd; fwg;ghf ,uf;fpwj? language p...,ytrg; ghle}y; tpepnahfj;jpw;fhf 1 fij ,y;yhj...

$: fij 01 Fapy; Vd; fWg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ? language P...,ytrg; ghlE}y; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf 1 fij ,y;yhj nghUl;fNs cyfpy; ,y;iy. fij njhpahj kdpju; vd;W vtUkpy;iy. fij nrhy;tJ xU fiy. mJ re;Njh\j;jpypUe;Jk;$
1,ytrg; ghlE}y; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

fij ,y;yhj nghUl;fNs cyfpy; ,y;iy. fij njhpahj kdpju;

vd;W vtUkpy;iy. fij nrhy;tJ xU fiy. mJ re;Njh\j;jpypUe;Jk;

gaj;jpypUe;Jk; cUthfpwJ.

,e;jf; fijfs; nrhd;d kdpju;fs; Fiffspy; trpj;jhu;fs;.

,Ul;ilf; fz;L gae;J Ngha; mijnahU fijahf;fpdhu;fs;. gyE}W

tUlq;fs; fle;J tpl;lNghJk; ,e;jf; fijfs; $ohq;fw;fisg;Nghy

trPfukhapUf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; rpy fijfisg; gbg;Nghk;.

fij 01

Fapy; Vd; fWg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ?

Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; cyfpy; cs;s

gwitapdq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs; vjw;Fk; epwk;

vd;W fpilahJ. vy;yhg; gwitfSk; xd;W

NghyNt ,Ue;jd. mit> jkJ Fuiy

itj;Nj jk; ,dj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ vd

milahsk; fhz Ntz;bapUe;jd. rpy

gwitfspd; Fuy;fs; xd;W Nghy ,Ue;jjhy;

flTSf;Ff; Fog;gkhdJ.

,jdhy;> xU ehs; flTs; gwit -

fSf;Fk;> tpyq;FfSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahd

epwq;fs; toq;fplj; jd;id te;J ghu;f;Fk;gb Nrjp nrhy;yp mDg;gpdhu;.

gwitfs; jq;fSf;nfd jdpahf xU epwk; fpilf;fg;NghFk; re;Njh\j;jpy;

Ntfkhfg; gwe;J Nghapd. gwitfs; flTisg; ghu;f;fg; NghFk;NghJ

Fapiyf; fz;L jq;fSld; tUk;gb $g;gpl;ld. FapNyh jdf;F

mtrukpy;iy vdg; ghbf;nfhz;NlapUe;jJ.

flTsplk; Kjypy; kapy; NghdJ. mjw;F ePy epwKk;> FUtpf;F

rhk;gy; epwKk;> rpl;Lf;FUtpf;Fj; Njd; epwKk; je;jhu;. ,g;gbNa jd;dplk;

te;j gwitfs;> tpyq;Ffs; midj;Jf;Fk; flTs; epwk; nfhLj;Jf;


nfhz;NlapUe;jhu;. ,jw;Fs; rhaq;fhyk; te;J tpl;lJ. gwitfs;

jq;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l epwq;fis thq;fpf; nfhz;L jpUk;gpapUe;jd.

mg;NghJjhd; Fapy; Gwg;gl;Lf; flTisg; ghu;f;ff; filrp Mshfg;

NghdJ mthplkpUe;j tu;zq;fnsy;yhk; jPu;e;J Ngha;tplNt> mtu;

Fapiyf; Nfhgpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. mg;NghJ> ,Ul;lj; Jtq;fpaJ. vq;Fk;

,Us; gutpaJ. flTs; nfhQ;rk; ,Uspd; fWg;igf; iffspy; vLj;J>

Fapy; Nky; jltp ~~,dpNky; cd; epwk; ,Jjhd; Ngh|| vd mDg;gpdhu;.

kw;w gwitfisg; Nghy jdf;F mofhd tu;zk; fpilf;fhj Fapy;

md;W Kjy; ftiyahfj; jdpikapy; ghbf;nfhz;NlapUf;fpwJ.

-gPfhu;--g Pfhu;--g Pfhu;--g Pfhu;--g Pfhu;-

fij 02

eha;fs; Vd; xd;NwhL xd;W rz;ilapLfpd;wd?

eha;fs; ahTk; xw;WikahfTk;

re;Njh\khfTk; tho;e;J te;jd. fhl;by;

xU ehs; tpUe;J ele;jJ. mjw;F

eha ;fSk ; miof ;fg ; gl ;bUe ;jd.

tpohtpw;F ahu; jiyik Vw;gJ vd;w

Nfs;tp te;j NghJ Kay; xU ehiar;

Rl;bf; fhl;b ~~,tu; jiyik Vw;fyhk;||

vd;wJ. mijf; Nfl;l kw;w eha; ~mJ

vYk;Gf;F miyAk; eha; mtidtpl ehd; cau;e;jtd;| vd;wJ. mijf;

Nfl;l %d;whtJ eha; ~~ehd; Rj;jkhd epwKk; moFk; nfhz;ltd;.

mjdhy; ehNd jiytd;|| vd;wJ. eha;fs; jq;fSf;Fs;shf mbj;Jf;

nfhs;sj; Jtq;fp tpUe;ijr; rPu;Fiyj;jd. mijf; fz;l flTs; ,dpNky;

eha;fs; xd;W$bdhy; mJ rz;ilahfj;jhd; khWk;. jdpj;jdpNa

jphpAq;fs; vd tpul;bdhu;. me;j ehspy; ,Ue;J eha;fs; xd;iwnahd;W

fz;lhy; rz;ilaplj; Jtq;fptpLfpd;wd.

-nru ;gpah--nru ;g pah--nru ;g pah--nru ;g pah--nru ;g pah-


fij 03

gid kuk; vg;gb cz;lhdJ?

xU fhyj;jpy; mofhd ,sk; ngz;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ,tu;fs;

jpwikahf eldkhLtjpy; ifNju;e;jtu;fs;. xU ehs; VO NgUk; kiyapd;

kfdhf ,Ue;j nrhpaNjhfh vd;gtDld; Nru;e;J eldkhl tpUk;gpdhu;fs;.

tpUg;gj;Jld; nrhpaNjhfhTk; mjw;F xj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;. eldk; Ml

Muk;gpj;jhu;fs;. ,uTgfyhf eldk;! gy ehl;fshf eilngw;Wf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ.

rhg;ghL> J}f;fk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; kwe;J VO ngz;fSk; Rod;W

xU thu fhyj;Jf;F eldkhbdhu;fs;. Mdhy; mtu;fNshL Mba

kiyapd; kfd; jdf;Fg; grpj;jNghJ> Ml;lj;ijg; ghjpapy; epWj;jptpl;L

VO ngz;fSf;Fk; njhpahky; mtd; kl;Lk; ufrpakhfr; nrd;W rhg;gpl;L

tpl;L te;Jtpl;lhd.

Vohk ; ehs ; eldk ;

Kbe;jJk; VO ngz;fSk;

ejpapy; jq;fisr; Rj;jk;

nra ;Jnfhs ;Sk ; NghJ

nrhpaNjhfhtpd; thapypUe;J

Xu czTj Jfs ;

ntspg;gl;lJ. ,ijf; fz;l

mtu;fs; mtd; jq;fis

Vkhw;wp mtkjpj;Jtpl;ljhff;

Nfhgg;gl;L mtidg; gphpe;J

Nghdhu;fs;.

jd;Dila jtWf;F

tUe;jp> gphpe;J nry;Yk;

ngz;fisj; Juj;jpf; nfhz;L nrd;w nrhpaNjhfhtpd; iffSf;F

mfg;glhky; Xba VO fd;dpahpd; mzpfyd;fSk; g+kpapy; tpOe;J

<r;ir Kjyhd MW tif kuq;fshdJ. me;jg;ngz;fspd; jiyapypUe;J

cjpu;e;j Nfrk;jhd; jiuapy; gid kunkd Kisj;jJ. mjdhy;jhd;

gid jd; Xiyfis mirj;J vg;NghJk; MbagbNa cs;sJ.

-khy;th--khy;th--khy;th--khy;th--khy;th-


fij 04

fhfk; Vd; fj;jpf;nfhz;NlapUf;fpwJ?

me;jf; fhyj;jpy; vy;yhg; gwitfSNk nts;is epwj;jpy;jhd;

,Ue;jd. xU ehs;> fhfKk; kapYk; xd;W Nru;e;J tpisahbf;nfhz;bUe;j

NghJ> fhl;bypUe;j g+f;fisf; fz;ld. fhfk; kapyplk; ~~ehKk; Vd;

,J Nghy tu;zk; jPl;bf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ|| vd;W Nfl;lJ. kapYk;

mjw;F xj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.

clNd fhfk; fhl;bypUe;j

gr;rpiyfisg; gwpj;Jte;J>

kapypd; Njhifia tu;zk;

j Pl ;baJ. Kbtpy; ~~xU

thdtpy ;iyg ; Nghy e P

mofhapUf;fpwha;|| vd;W

kapyplk; nrhd;dJk;> kapy;

kpFe;j fu;tkhfp> jd; moif

kw ; wtu ; fs plk ; fhl ; l

Ntz;Lnkd;W Jbj ;jJ.

fhfNkh> jd; ,wFfis

moFgLj;Jk;gb kapyplk;

nrhd;dJ. Mj;jpukile;j

kapy; fWg;Gr; rhaj;ijf;

fhfj;jpd; jiyapy; nfhl;btpl;L ~~ cdf;F ,J NghJk; || vd;W

nrhy;ypagb fk;gPukhf jd; Njhifia tphpj;Jf;nfhz;L nrd;wJ.

Vkhe;JNghd fhfk; md;wpypUe;J fWg;ghf cUkhwp fj;jpf;nfhz;Nl

,Uf;fpwJ.

fk;Nghbahfk;Nghbahfk;Nghbahfk;Nghbahfk;Nghbah


fij 05

fijfs; vg;gb cUthfpd?

ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F Kd;G jha; je;ijaiu

,oe;j rpWtd; xUtd; tsu;g;Gj; jhaplk;

tsu;e;J te;jhd;. rpW tajpNyNa

tpy;tpj;ijapy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;j mtd;

Ntl;ilahLtjw;fhf jpdKk; fhl;Lf;Fs;

nry;thd;. mtDila jpwikahy;

fhl;LkpUfq;fSk; gwitfSk; mjpfk;

Ntl ;ilahlg ; gl ; ld . xU ehs ;

fhl;Lg;gd;wpiaj; Juj;jpf;nfhz;L nrd;w

mr;rpWtd; gd;wp GjUf;Fs; kiwe;J

tplNt> mijj; Njbf;nfhz;L xU nghpa

ghiwapd; kPJ Vwp epd;whd;. mq;fpUe;J

ghu;j;jNghJ gd;wpiaf; fhz Kbatpy;iy

ghiwa pd ; k PNj rhg ; g pl ;Lt pl ;Lg ;

gLj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;. ghiw kpff; Fspu;r;rpahf

,Ue;jJ. jd; iffshy; ghiwiaj;

jl;bdhd;. mg;NghJ ahNuh mtidf;

$g;gpLtJ Nghd;w rj;jk; Nfl;lJ.

Rw;wpYk; jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;jhd; ahUNk ,y;iy. jpUk;gTk; me;jr;

rj;jk; Nfl;lJ. $u;e;J ftdpj;j NghJ mJ ghiwapypUe;Jjhd;

tUfpwnjdf; fz;Lgpbj;jhd;. mJ tiu cwq;fpapUe;j ghiw mg;NghJjhd;

fz;tpopj;jJ Nghy mtDld; Ngrj; njhlq;fpaJ. jdf;F epiwa fijfs;

njhpAnkd;Wk;> jhd; fijNa Nfl;ljpy;iy vd;Wk; mtd; nrhd;djhy;

ghiw jdf;Fj; njhpe;j fijnahd;iwr; nrhy;yj;njhlq;fpaJ. Nfl;L

Kbg;gjw;Fs; khiyahfptplNt mtd; kWehs; te;J Nfl;gjhfr; nrhy;yp

tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;whd;. md;W mtDf;F Ntl;ilapy; gwitfNs fpilf;f

tpy;iy. mjdhy; Mj;jpukile;j mtdJ rpj;jp jd;NdhL rpyiuAk;

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L mtidj; Njbf; fhl;Lf;Fs; nrd;whs;. fij nrhy;Yk;

ghiwaplkpUe;J mtd; fij Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUg;gij mtu;fs; fz;lhu;fs;.

mtu;fSk; fij Nfl;fj; Jtq;fpdhu;fs;. mjd; gpwF me;jg; gof;fk;

mtu ;fs plk ; njhlu Muk ; g p j ; jJ . mg ; gbj ;jhd ; fijfs ;

cz;lhfpd.cyfj;jpy; cs;s fijfs; fy;Yf;Fs;jhd; xspe;jpUf;fpd;wd.

me;jf; fijfis tpopg;gilar; nra;jhy; mJ jhNd jd;idr; nrhy;yj;

njhlq;fptpLk; vd;fpwhu;fs;.

-nfd;ah--nfd;ah--nfd;ah--nfd;ah--nfd;ah-


1. Kw;fhyj;jpy; gwitfis vjidf; nfhz;L milahsg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;?

2. gwitfSf;Ff; fpilj;j epwq;fs; ahit?

3. flTs; eha;fisj; jdpj;jdpNa jpupAq;fs;" vd tpul;bajw;fhdfhuzq;fs; ahit?

4. fhfk; Vd; fWg;ghfpaJ?

5. ,f;fijfspy; $wg;gLk; rk;gtq;fs; ve;jstpw;Fg; nghUj;jg;ghLcilait?

6. Mjpfhy kf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;l ek;gpf;iffs; Ie;jpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

fpufpj;jy; gapw;rp

nkhopj;jpwd; tpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLnkhopj;jpwd; tpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLnkhopj;jpwd; tpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLnkhopj;jpwd; tpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLnkhopj;jpwd; tpUj;jpr; nraw;ghL

1. 'eha;fs; Vd; xd;NwhL xd;W rz;ilapLfpd;wd' vd;w fijcq;fsplj;jpy; Vw;gLj;Jk; czu;Tfis ez;gu;fSld;fye;JiuahLf.

2. ck;ikg; gwitahfg; ghtpj;J xU fijia tFg;giwapy; khztu;Kd;dpiyapy; $Wf?

3. ,J Nghd;w fijfis Cu;g; ngupNahu;fsplk; Nfl;lwpe;J njhFf;f.

4. ePq;fs; Nrfupj;j fijfspy; cs;s tho;f;iff;Fg; gad;glf; $bafUj;Jfisj; njhFj;Jj; jUf.

5. ehl;Lg;Gwf; fij xd;iwj; njhpe;J ehlfkhf;fp NkilNaw;Wq;fs;.


,yf;fzk;

vOj;J

fPNo jug;gLk; vOj;Jf;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.fPNo jug;gLk; vOj;Jf;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.fPNo jug;gLk; vOj;Jf;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.fPNo jug;gLk; vOj;Jf;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.fPNo jug;gLk; vOj;Jf;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.

m> fh> ng m> fh> ng m> fh> ng m> fh> ng m> fh> ng - w" ld" fm - A, k, P

,it KiwNa jkpo;> rpq;fs> Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fshFk;.

,q;F> ~~vOj;J vd;why; vd;d|| vd rpe;jpg;Nghk;.

jkpopy; vOj;Jf;fs; 247 MFk;

jkpo; vOj;Jf;fspd; tifAk; njhifAk;

ty;ypdk;

6

nky;;ypdk;

6

,ilapdk;

6

Fwp;y;

5

neby;

7

capu;

vOj;Jf;fs;

12

nka;

vOj;Jf;fs;

18

rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs;rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs;rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs;rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs;rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs;

1. caph;nka; vOj;Jf;fs; - 216

2. Kw;wha;jk;

3. capusgil

4. xw;ws ngil

5. Fw;wpaYfuk;

6. Fw;wpaypfuk;

7. Ma;jf; FWf;fk;

8. Ifhuf;FWf;fk;

9. xsfhuf;FWf;fk;

10. kfuf;FWf;fk;.

Kjy;

vOj;Jf;fs;

30

jkp;o;

vOj;Jf;fs;

247

'xU nkhopf;Fg; gad;gLk; mbg;gil xypfspd; tbtk;'xU nkhopf;Fg; gad;gLk; mbg;gil xypfspd; tbtk;'xU nkhopf;Fg; gad;gLk; mbg;gil xypfspd; tbtk;'xU nkhopf;Fg; gad;gLk; mbg;gil xypfspd; tbtk;'xU nkhopf;Fg; gad;gLk; mbg;gil xypfspd; tbtk;vOj;J vdg;gLk;. "vOj;J vdg;gLk;. "vOj;J vdg;gLk;. "vOj;J vdg;gLk;. "vOj;J vdg;gLk;. "


rhu;ngOj;Jf;fs; gw;wp Nky; tFg;Gfspy; fw;Nghk;.

Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; - 30 (capu;Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; - 30 (capu;Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; - 30 (capu;Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; - 30 (capu;Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; - 30 (capu; 12+ nka; 18) nka; 18) nka; 18) nka; 18) nka; 18) = 3030303030

Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ jkpo; nkhopapd; mbg;gil xypfs; my;yJ

vOj;Jf;fshFk;.

gpd;tUk; vOj;Jf;fis cr;rhpj;J ,tw;wpw;fpilapy; cs;s

NtWghLfis ,dq; fhz;Nghk;.

jkpo; neLq;fzf;F xOq;fpd; gb

capu; vOj;Jf;fs; - 12capu; vOj;Jf;fs; - 12capu; vOj;Jf;fs; - 12capu; vOj;Jf;fs; - 12capu; vOj;Jf;fs; - 12

m> M> ,> <> c> C> v> V> I> x> X> xs

nka;naOj;Jf;fs; - 18nka;naOj;Jf;fs; - 18nka;naOj;Jf;fs; - 18nka;naOj;Jf;fs; - 18nka;naOj;Jf;fs; - 18

f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;> e;> g;> k;> a;> u;> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;

capu; vOj;Jf;fspy; Fwpy; 5> neby; 7 vdg; ghu;j;Njhk;.

Fwpy;> neby; vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpr; rpe;jpg;Nghk;.

Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; - 30

capu; nka; vOj;Jf;fs; - 216

Ma;j vOj;J - 1

nkhj;jk; - 247

cr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W vt;tpjj;jilAkpd;wp ntsp tUkhapd;cr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W vt;tpjj;jilAkpd;wp ntsp tUkhapd;cr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W vt;tpjj;jilAkpd;wp ntsp tUkhapd;cr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W vt;tpjj;jilAkpd;wp ntsp tUkhapd;cr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W vt;tpjj;jilAkpd;wp ntsp tUkhapd;mtw;iw mtw;iw mtw;iw mtw;iw mtw;iw capu; vOj;Jf;fs capu; vOj;Jf;fs capu; vOj;Jf;fs capu; vOj;Jf;fs capu; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;Nghk;.; vd;Nghk;.; vd;Nghk;.; vd;Nghk;.; vd;Nghk;.

cr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W jilgl;L ntsptUkhapd; mtw;iwcr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W jilgl;L ntsptUkhapd; mtw;iwcr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W jilgl;L ntsptUkhapd; mtw;iwcr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W jilgl;L ntsptUkhapd; mtw;iwcr;rhpf;Fk; NghJ fhw;W jilgl;L ntsptUkhapd; mtw;iwnka;naOj;J nka;naOj;J nka;naOj;J nka;naOj;J nka;naOj;J vd;Nghk;.vd;Nghk;.vd;Nghk;.vd;Nghk;.vd;Nghk;.


khj;jpiu

Xu; vOj;ij cr;rupf;Fk; fhy msit (cr;rupf;f vLf;Fk; Neuk;)

ehk; khj;jpiu khj;jpiu khj;jpiu khj;jpiu khj;jpiu vd;Nghk;.

xU khj;jpiu vd;gJ>

~~,ay;G vOk; khe;ju; ,ik> nehb khj;jpiu|| vd ,yf;fz

E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

mjhtJ> xU khj;jpiu vd;gJ xUtu; ,ay;ghff; fz; ,ikf;Fk;

fhyk; my;yJ tpuy; nehbf;f vLf;Fk; fhyk;.

capu; vOj;Jf;fspy; m> ,> c> v> x Mfpa Ie;J vOj;Jf;fSk;

cr;rhpf;Fk; nghOJ xU khj;jpiu msit vLg;gd. vdNt> ,tw;iw

Fwpy; my;yJ Fw;nwOj;Jf;fs; vd;Nghk;.

capu; vOj;Jf;fspy; M> <> C> V> I> X> xs Mfpa 7 vOj;Jf;fSk;

cr;rhpf;Fk; nghOJ ,uz;L khj;jpiu msit vLg;gd> vdNt

,tw;iw neby; my;yJ nel;;nlOj;Jf;fs; vd;Nghk;.

Ma;j vOj;Jf;F khj;jpiu ½ MFk;.

capu; nka;naOj;Jf;fs; - capu; vOj;jpd; khj;jpiuiag; ngWk;

I cjhuzk;:-cjhuzk;:-cjhuzk;:-cjhuzk;:-cjhuzk;:-

f; + m - f - 1 khj;jpiu

f; + M - fh - 2 khj;jpiu

nka;naOj;Jf;fisAk; ehk; fPo; tUkhW ghFg;gLj;JNthk;.nka;naOj;Jf;fisAk; ehk; fPo; tUkhW ghFg;gLj;JNthk;.nka;naOj;Jf;fisAk; ehk; fPo; tUkhW ghFg;gLj;JNthk;.nka;naOj;Jf;fisAk; ehk; fPo; tUkhW ghFg;gLj;JNthk;.nka;naOj;Jf;fisAk; ehk; fPo; tUkhW ghFg;gLj;JNthk;.

II cjhuzk;cjhuzk;cjhuzk;cjhuzk;cjhuzk;

ty;ypdk; - 6 f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;

nky;ypdk; - 6 q;> Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;

,ilapdk; - 6 a;> u;> y;> t;> o;> s;

nka;naOj;Jf;F khj;jpiu ½ MFk;.


gpd;tUkhW ,tw;iwg; ghbg;goFq;fs;gpd;tUkhW ,tw;iwg; ghbg;goFq;fs;gpd;tUkhW ,tw;iwg; ghbg;goFq;fs;gpd;tUkhW ,tw;iwg; ghbg;goFq;fs;gpd;tUkhW ,tw;iwg; ghbg;goFq;fs;

frljgw - ty;ypdkhk;

qQzekd - nky;ypdkhk;

auytos - ,ilapdkhk;

,tw;iwj; jdpj;jdpahf cr;rupj;Jg; ghUq;fs; ty;ypdk;> nky;ypdk;>

,ilapdk; vd nka;naOj;Jf;fisg; gFj;jikf;fhd fhuzk; GupAk;.

ty;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; - khu;gpypUe;J gpwf;fpd;wd.

nky;ypd vOj;Jf;fs; - %f;fpypUe;J gpwf;fpd;wd

,ilapd vOj;Jf;fs; - fOj;jpypUe;J gpwf;fpd;wd.

capu; vOj;Jf;fspd; gpwg;gplk; fOj;J MFk;

khu;G> fOj;J> jiy> %f;F Mfpa ,lq;fspNyNa vOj;Jf;fs; gpwe;J> cjL>ehf;F> gy;> mz;zk; Mfpatw;wpd; Kaw;rpahy; NtWNtW xypfs;(vOj;Jf;fs;) gpwf;fpd;wd.

capu;

vOj;Jf;fs;nka; vOj;Jf;fs;

capu;

nka;naOj;Jf;fs;

Fwpy; neby; ty;ypdk; nky;ypdk ; ,ilapdk; Fwpy; neby;

gapw;rp

(m) 1. capu; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;why; vd;d?

2. nka; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;why; vd;d?

3. capu; vOj;Jf;fisAk; nka;naOj;Jf;fisAk; Vd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;fpd;Nwhk;?

(M) gpd;tUk; ml;ltizia cq;fsJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; tiuAq;fs;.


fPotUk; ge;jpia thrpj;J mjpYs;s vOj;Jf;fis kpfr;rupahffPotUk; ge;jpia thrpj;J mjpYs;s vOj;Jf;fis kpfr;rupahffPotUk; ge;jpia thrpj;J mjpYs;s vOj;Jf;fis kpfr;rupahffPotUk; ge;jpia thrpj;J mjpYs;s vOj;Jf;fis kpfr;rupahffPotUk; ge;jpia thrpj;J mjpYs;s vOj;Jf;fis kpfr;rupahf

,dq; fz;L cupa $l;by; vOJq;fs;.,dq; fz;L cupa $l;by; vOJq;fs;.,dq; fz;L cupa $l;by; vOJq;fs;.,dq; fz;L cupa $l;by; vOJq;fs;.,dq; fz;L cupa $l;by; vOJq;fs;.

~~jkpo; nkhopapy; ngz;zbikj; jdj;jpdJk; rhjpaj;jpdJk; epykhd;ar;

rKjhar; rpe;jidapdJk; RtLfs; Mog;gjpe;Js;sd. rKjhar;

rPu;j;jpUj;jj;jpy; mf;fiwAilNahu;> nkhop gw;wp mrl;ilahf ,Uf;f

KbahJ. rKjhaNkh> nkhopNah ntWkNd rl;lkpaw;wp khw;wf; $bad

ty;y. jkpo; rKjhaj;ij etPd rpe;jidAlDk;> gue;jJk; cyfshtpaJk;

kdpj rkj;Jtj;JldhdJkhd ghu;itAld; gupr;rag;gLj;Jtjd; %yNk

jkpo; rKjhaj;jpdJk; jkpo; nkhopapdJk; etPdj;Jtk; eilKiwr;

rhj;jpakhFk;."

fij 01 fapy; vd; fwg;ghf ,uf;fpwj? language p...,ytrg; ghle}y; tpepnahfj;jpw;fhf 1 fij ,y;yhj...

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