filling the knowledge gap on air quality in indian cities

Filling the knowledge gap on air quality in Indian cities

Particulate Matter (PM)PM10

PM2.5

SO2

NO2

Ozone

CO

VOC

Which pollutants do we worry about?

Oct 19tth, 2017

Nov 6th, 2017

When Do We Talk About Delhi’s Air Pollution?

google topic search trends

Nov 6th, 2016

Nov 3th, 2015

% interest over time

What if, public complied?

Dotted line = 100% public compliance for no-firecrackers; and enjoying the holiday with lesser travel

average mixing height (meters)

Data source: NCEP Reanalysis

HlwE

VOLMassC

**

w

H

l

Blame it on winter weather !!

wl

h

hlwE

volMassC

**

Data source: NCEP Reanalysis

average mixing height (meters)

Blame it on winter weather !!

Oct 19tth, 2017

Nov 6th, 2017

When Do We Talk About Delhi’s Air Pollution?

google topic search trends

Nov 6th, 2016

Nov 3th, 2015

% interest over time

Dec 4th, 2017– are we better off?

PM2.5 annual average is 150 g/m3

4 times the National ambient standard15 times the WHO guideline

focusing on episodes = no long term vision

approaches

www.urbanemissions.info/publications

How many samples; Where?

Sample analysis

Source profiles are key


• Concept is well tested• Expensive• Location & time specific• Fuel differentiation possible• Source differentiation not possible• Garbage in; Garbage out• Very scientific (if done right)• Monitoring based exercise, but

results are modeled

Pros-Cons

garbage in, garbage out

Source: CSE presentations

www.urbanemissions.info/india-apnawww.indiaairquality.info

Power plants

Vehicle exhaust Road dust Industries Aircraft

TO/LDomestic cooking

Domestic heating

Generator sets

Garbage burning

Energy consumed by fuel type

Vehicle count, used,

emission factors,

standards, policy

legislations

In addition to the

vehicle used, silt

loading on the roads

Energy consumed

in the plants

Takes offs and landing over a 24 hr cycle

Energy consumed by fuel by household

income group

Winter time energy

consumed

Diesel consumed by various commercia

l & domestic

users

Waste generated

by household

& collection

efficiencies

Stat

istic

al

Info

rmat

ion

SNA

P fo

rms

Plant location

Vehicle density,

road density,

population density, hot spot locations

Vehicle density,

road density,

population density, hot spot locations

Plant type and

locationAirport location

Population density, income groups,

city council boundaries

Population density, income groups,

city council boundaries

Location of hospitals, cinemas,

farm houses,

apartment complexes,

hotels, industries, markets

Landfill locations,

waste collection offices,

population density

GIS

dat

a

Gridded emissions for PM, SO2, NOx, VOC, CO, & CO2

open data fields are helping us do this better and faster

• Concept is well tested• Variable expense• Variable spatial & temporal extent• Source and fuel differentiation

possible• Garbage in; Garbage out• Emission factors are measured

(when possible) and everything else is modeled

Pros-Cons

Summer concentrations 40‐80 g/m3 daily averageWinter concentrations 90‐320 g/m3 daily average

Summer Winter

what’s polluting Delhi’s air?

Study by Georgia Tech University – published in 2007http://www.urbanemissions.info/whats-polluting-delhis-air/


Study by CPCB and partners – published in 2010http://www.urbanemissions.info/whats-polluting-delhis-air/


Re-grouped from Study by IIT Kanpur – published in 2015http://www.urbanemissions.info/whats-polluting-delhis-air/

Summer Winter


http://www.urbanemissions.info/whats-polluting-delhis-air/

• Vehicle exhaust up to 30%• Biomass burning up to 20%• Soil and road dust up to 20%• Industries up to 15%• Open waste burning up to 15%• Diesel generators up to 10%• Power plants up to 5%• Outside the urban airshed up to 30%

for ambient PM2.5

how many monitors do we need?

All India

2800Urban

1200Rural

www.indiaairquality.info

Emissions

Dispersion Modeling Concentrations

PM, SO2, NOx, CO,

Ozone, VOC

Monitoring

Impacts

Evaluation

Decisions

EconomicTechnical

Policy

Costs & Benefits

Pollution Control

Contributions

SIM-airAir Quality

Management tools

6

20

2010-11

SIM-air city applications in India

2016-17

2

30 2018-??www.urbanemissions.info/india-apna

Bhubaneswar, Odisha

• Domain size – 30km x 50km• Meteorology at fine resolution from WRF (driven by NCEP fields)• Dispersion modeling via CAMx chemical transport model• “Outside” is the influence of boundary conditions driven by the dispersion results

based on national emissions inventory (http://www.indiaairquality.info)

Chennai, Tamil Nadu



Kochi, Kerala



Pune, Maharashtra



• Clean fuel for all vehicles; all India• Aggressive promotion of walking, cycling,

and public-para transport • Full enforcement of emission standards at

all the industries (including power plants)• Dust free roads and construction sites• Programs to promote reduce waste

generation and to better waste mangement

5 point agenda

clean urban transport

dusty roads

clean freight transport

coal‐fired thermal power plants

new standards ratified in December, 2015deadline for compliance December, 2017

Atmospheric Environment (2014)

30 100 100 0.03

oldnew

oldnew

oldnew

Conceptual Indian Energy LadderClean Fuel Gap

Kirk Smith


Kirk Smith

Target of 50 million new LPG connections

by 2019

Trash Burning and Open Fires

March, 2016, Mumbai

Urban India generates 188,500 tonnes per day (68.8 million tonnes per year) of municipal solid waste – with at least 30% burning @ landfills, residential areas, and road sides


Agro-waste briquettes

giant vacuum cleaner?

Thank you

More @

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