final exam ausmat 20 ii
TRANSCRIPT
Name: ___________________________
Group: __________________________
Time: 1 ½ hours
Date:
Examination material: An 11- pages question booklet (4 questions)
Approved dictionaries and calculators may be used
Instructions to Candidates
1. You will have 5 minutes to read the paper. You must not write in your question booklets during this reading time but you may make notes on the scribbling paper provided.
2. You will be expected to extract information such as atomic number and relative atomic mass from the periodic table on the last page. You may remove the page from this booklet before the test begins.
3. Answer all parts of Questions 1 to 4 in the spaces provided in the booklet. You may write on page 10 if you need more space.
4. There is no need to fill all of the space provided; clearly written, well-expressed answers are required. If you delete part or all of an answer you should clearly indicate your final answer.
5. The total mark is 80. The four questions are of approximately equal value.
6. Write your name and group number in the box provided.
2008 CHEMISTRY
AUSTRALIAN MATRICULATION PROGRAMME
FINAL EXAMINATION SEM 1, 2008/2009
STUDENT’S DECLARATION ON THE USE OF CALCULATORS
By signing the examination attendance roll I declare that: my calculators have been cleared of all memory; no external storage media are in use on these
calculators.
I understand that if I do not comply with the above conditions for the use of calculators I will: be in breach the rules; have my marks for the examination cancelled or
amended; be liable to such further penalty, whether by exclusion
QUESTION 1
(a) For the element fluorine:
(i) Name the block in which it occurs in the Periodic Table and explain why it occupies this position.
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(ii) State the nature of the element.
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(iii) Give one likely oxidation state it forms in compounds.
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(iv) State whether its electronegativity will be low, intermediate or high._______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
(b) Consider the element zinc.
(i) Write the electron configuration for the zinc ion in ZnO.
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(ii) A sample of zinc oxide is added into test tube which contains 10 mLs of acid. Each is shaken vigorously. Write down the relevant balanced chemical equations.
(2 marks)
(c) Phosphorus is one of the very important elements required by plants.
(i) Phosphorus forms a +5 oxidation state, state two other possible oxidation states of phosphorus.
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(ii) State the primary bonding present in phosphorus trichloride.
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(d) (i) Draw the shape of PCl3 based on VSEPR theory.
(2 marks)
(ii) Explain the shape of SO3 based on VSEPR theory.
(3 marks)
(iii) Explain the polarity of PCl3.
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TOTAL: 20 marks QUESTION 2
(a) The Haber process is the industrial process used to produce ammonia and one of the major ways to remove nitrogen from the atmosphere.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the production of ammonia.
(2 marks)
(ii) Name the process that converts N2 to NO3- ion.
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(b) Write a balanced equation for the photosynthesis process.
(2 marks)
(c) State the products of aerobic decomposition based on these elements:
(i) Nitrogen: ______________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
(ii) Phosphorus: ____________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
(iii) Carbon: _______________________________________________________________ (1 mark)
(d) Plants required significant amounts of the essential elements nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for growth.
(i) Describe the roles of these elements to plants.
(1) Nitrogen:
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(2) Phosphorus:
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(ii) Describe the process by which lightning makes atmospheric nitrogen available to plants.
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(c) The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual.
(i) Name one of the greenhouse gases besides methane.
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(ii) Anaerobic breakdown of plant material is the main source of methane production into the atmosphere. Describe the human activities that enhanced the greenhouse effect based on methane production. ______________________________________________________________________________
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TOTAL: 20 marks
QUESTION 3
(a) Acid rain is one of the most dangerous and widespread forms of pollution.(i) Write a balanced chemical equation to show that the normal rain is acidic.
(2 marks)
(ii) A sample of river water taken in an industrial area was found to have a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.0045 mol L-1 . Calculate the pH of the river water.
(2 marks)(iii) Explain how nitric oxide is converted into nitric acid in the atmosphere.
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(b) The gas sulphur trioxide, when in our atmosphere, is referred to as a secondary pollutant.
(i) Explain what is meant by the term secondary pollutant.
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(ii) Explain the conversion of NO2 to O3 in photochemical smog by giving one suitable equation.
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(iii) A catalytic converter can be used to reduce the photochemical smog. Explain the use of “catalytic converter”.
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Credit will be given for answers to part (c) which shows clearly written, well-expressed ideas, and which present accurate and relevant information in a well-organized, logical manner.
Your answer to part (c) should use clear well expressed ideas and present information in a logical manner. Your answer, which must include one equation, should be confined to the space provided.
(c) Acid rain is a problem in some parts of the world.Describe how sulphur in petrol contributes to acid rain. Describe a problem which acid rain can cause in the environment and one measure which can be taken to reduce the likelihood of it occurring.
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TOTAL: 20 marks QUESTION 4
(a) Draw the following organic compounds
(1) 2,3-dimethylheptan-4-one
(2 marks)(2) 2,3-dibromopentanoic acid
(2 marks)
(3) 2-methylhexan-3-ol
(2 marks)
(b) Name the following organic molecules according to IUPAC system.
(1)
(2) H2N(CH2)4NH2
(4 marks)
(b) Alanine molecule as shown below is an example of amino acids. Alanine is found in a wide variety of foods.
(i) Explain the solubility of alanine in water.
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(ii) Draw a diagram to show the hydrogen bonding between alanine and a water molecule.
(3 marks)
(iv) Circle and label only two functional groups in the aldosterone molecule below.
(4 marks)