final period

8/12/2019 Final Period

1/24

Final Period

Prepared by:

Engr. Emmanuel T. Longares, PECE


2/24

Objectives:

Configure the Network using RIP V2

Describe and plan a network using EIGRP

Design and Configure using EIGRP


3/24

Enterprise Topologies


4/24

Routing with Distance Vector Protocol

Finding the best path to the destination becomes verydifficult in an enterprise network, because a router canhave many sources of information form which to buildits routing table .

A routing table is a data file that exist in RAM andstores information about directly connected andremote networks. The routing table associates eachnetwork with either an exit interfaceor next hop.

The exit interface is the physical path that the routeruses to move the data closer to the destination. Thenext hop is an interface on a connected router thatmoves the data closer to the final destination.


5/24

Routing with Distance Vector Protocol


6/24

Static and Dynamic Routing

Stub Networka

network with single

point of entrance or

exit. The stub router should

not be overwhelmed

with the routing

updates.


7/24

Static and Dynamic Routing


8/24

Configuring Static Routes

At Global Configurations

type the command:

Router (config) # ip route network

address subnet mask address of

next hop or exit interface


9/24

Configuring Static Routes

By default, a static route has a loweradministrative distance that the routelearned from the dynamic routingprotocol. A floating static routehas ahigher administrative distance thanthe route learned from a dynamicrouting protocol. The floating static

route does not display in the routingtable. It only appear when thedynamic information is lost.

To create a floating static route, add aadministrative distance value to theend of the ip route command:

Router (config) #ip route 192. 168.4.0 255.255.255.0

192.168.9.1 200


10/24

Default Routes

Default Routea special type of static route that

specifies the gateway to use when the routing

table does not contain a path to a destination.

The command to create a default route is similar

to the command used to create either an

ordinary or a floating static route. The network

address and subnet mask are both specified as0.0.0.0, making it a quad zero route.


11/24

Default Routes


12/24

Distance Routing Protocol :RIP

Dynamic Routing Protocols are classified into twomajor categories: Distance routing Protocol and LinkState Protocol.

Routers running distance vector protocols share

network information with directly connectedneighbors, until all routers in the enterprise learn theinformation.

A router running a distance vector protocol does notknow the entire path to a destination; it only knows

the distance to the remote network and the direction,or vector. Its knowledge comes through informationfrom directly connected neigbors.


13/24


Routers using distance vector protocols

broadcast or multicast their entire routing

table to their neighbors at regular intervals. If

a router learns more than one route ro a

destination, it calculates and advertises the

route with the lowest metric.


14/24



15/24

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

RIP was the first IP distance vector routing

protocol to be standardized in a RFC 1058 IN

1988. The first version of RIP is called RIPV1

and the improved version is RIPV2, and for

IPV6 is RIPng.

RIPV1broadcast routing updates every 30

seconds.

- classful routing protocol


16/24


RIPV2 is a classless routing protocol that supportsVLSM and CIDR.

Features of RIPV2:

- Hop-count metric

- 15-hop maximum

- TTL equals 16 hops

- default 30-seconds update interval

- updates using UDP port 520

- administrative distance of 120

- route poisoning, poisoned reverse, split horizon, andhold-downs to avoid loops.


17/24



18/24



19/24



20/24

Configuring RIPv2

The basic RIPv2 configuration consists of threecommands:

Router (config)# router rip

- enables routing protocolsRouter (config)# version 2

- specifies the version

Router (config-router)# network [network address]- identify each directly connected network thatshould be advertised by RIP


21/24

Problems with RIP

Both versions of RIP automatically summarizesubnets on the classful boundary.

In RIPv2 the automatic summarization featurecan be disabled. RIPv2 will report subnets andtheir subnet mask. To accomplish this, add the noauto-summary command to RIPv2 configurations.

Router (config-router)# no auto-summary


22/24

Problems with RIP

Traffic may becomecongested due tounnecessaryadvertisements

Less secured

The passive-interfacecommand, issued ininterface mode, disablesrouting updates onspecified interface.

Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-type interface-number


23/24

Problems with RIP

Erroneous network information may cause routingupdates and traffic to loop endlessly as they count toinfinity. In RIP routing protocol, infinity occurs whenthe hop count is 16.

RIP contains several features designed to combatendless loop, such as,

- Poisoned Reverse

- Split Horizon- Holddown Timer

- Triggered Updates


24/24

Problems with RIP

Poisoned reverse sets the metric for a route to

16, making it unreachable.

If a network is down, a router changes the

metric for that route to 16 so that all other

routers see it as unreachable. This feature

prevents the routing protocol from sending

information via poisoned routes.

final period

Documents