PNU Graduates’ Performance PNU Graduates’ Performance in the Licensure Examination in the Licensure Examination for Teachers: Approximating for Teachers: Approximating

Sources of VarianceSources of Variance

MA. VICTORIA C. HERMOSISIMAMA. VICTORIA C. HERMOSISIMACenter for Research and Development in EducationCenter for Research and Development in Education

Philippine Normal UniversityPhilippine Normal University

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

General ProblemGeneral Problem: : To identify the To identify the sources of variance in the LET scores sources of variance in the LET scores of PNU BEED and BSED graduates.of PNU BEED and BSED graduates.

Specific ProblemsSpecific Problems::

1. What is the profile of the 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the respondents in terms of the following admissions variables?following admissions variables?

a. type of high school attended;a. type of high school attended;b. location of high school attended;b. location of high school attended;c. high school GPA;c. high school GPA;d. PNU Admissions Test (PNUAT) overall d. PNU Admissions Test (PNUAT) overall

score; andscore; ande.e. scores in the PNUAT subtests scores in the PNUAT subtests

((KasaysayanKasaysayan; Socio-Cultural, ; Socio-Cultural, Economics and Political Issues; Economics and Political Issues; Science; Mathematics; Science; Mathematics; Wika at GamitWika at Gamit; ; Pagbibigay KahuluganPagbibigay Kahulugan; Usage and ; Usage and Effective Expression; Reading Effective Expression; Reading Comprehension; and Teaching Comprehension; and Teaching Situations Inventory)Situations Inventory)

2. What is the profile of the 2. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following respondents in terms of the following academic variables?academic variables?

a. a. grade obtained in Student Teaching grade obtained in Student Teaching (Educ. 11);(Educ. 11);

b. average scholastic ratings in b. average scholastic ratings in General Education;General Education;

c. average scholastic ratings in c. average scholastic ratings in Professional Education;Professional Education;

d. average scholastic ratings in d. average scholastic ratings in Specialization/Majorship courses;andSpecialization/Majorship courses;and

e. college GPA?e. college GPA?

3. 3. What is the respondents’ level of What is the respondents’ level of performance in the LET?performance in the LET?

4. 4. How is the respondents’ LET How is the respondents’ LET performance correlated with the performance correlated with the admissions and academic admissions and academic variables?variables?

5. 5. Among the admissions and Among the admissions and academic variables, which are the academic variables, which are the best predictors of LET best predictors of LET performance?performance?

General Research Paradigm General Research Paradigm of the Studyof the Study

METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

Research DesignResearch Design• Descriptive-Correlational Research Descriptive-Correlational Research

MethodMethod

Variables of the StudyVariables of the Study• type of high school attendedtype of high school attended• location of high school attendedlocation of high school attended• high school GPAhigh school GPA• PNUAT overall scorePNUAT overall score

• scores in the PNUAT subtests scores in the PNUAT subtests ((KasaysayanKasaysayan; Socio-Cultural, ; Socio-Cultural, Economics and Political Issues; Economics and Political Issues; Science; Mathematics; Science; Mathematics; Wika at Wika at GamitGamit: : Pagbibigay KahuluganPagbibigay Kahulugan: : Usage and Effective Expression; Usage and Effective Expression; Reading Comprehension; and Reading Comprehension; and Teaching Situations Inventory)Teaching Situations Inventory)

• grade incurred in Student Teachinggrade incurred in Student Teaching

• average scholastic ratings in the average scholastic ratings in the General EducationGeneral Education

• average scholastic ratings in the average scholastic ratings in the Professional EducationProfessional Education

• average scholastic ratings in the average scholastic ratings in the Specialization/Majorship courseSpecialization/Majorship course

• college GPA college GPA

The SampleThe Sample

Sources of DataSources of Data

- - Office of the RegistrarOffice of the Registrar

- - Office of Student Affairs and Office of Student Affairs and Student Services (OSASS)Student Services (OSASS)

- - Center for Research and Center for Research and Development in Education Development in Education (CREDE)(CREDE)

Statistical TreatmentStatistical Treatment

Both descriptive and inferential statistical Both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were utilized in the analysis of data. tools were utilized in the analysis of data.

- - frequencies and percentages were frequencies and percentages were computed for the categorical data such computed for the categorical data such as as type of high school attended and type of high school attended and location of location of high school attended; high school attended;

- - means and standard deviations were means and standard deviations were obtained for the interval data, i.e. PNUAT obtained for the interval data, i.e. PNUAT over-all and sub-test scores, LET ratings, over-all and sub-test scores, LET ratings, and high school and college GPAs; and high school and college GPAs;

- - Pearson’s correlation analysis for the Pearson’s correlation analysis for the correlation matrix between the correlation matrix between the

independent and dependent variables;independent and dependent variables;

- - stepwise regression analysis to stepwise regression analysis to identify identify the significant predictors of LET the significant predictors of LET

performance performance

FINDINGSFINDINGS

Profile of the Respondents in Profile of the Respondents in terms of the Admissions Variablesterms of the Admissions Variables

Type of High School AttendedType of High School Attended

Location of High School AttendedLocation of High School Attended

High School GPAHigh School GPA

The PNU Admissions Test Version ‘95The PNU Admissions Test Version ‘95

Means, Mean % Scores and Standard Means, Mean % Scores and Standard Deviations of the BEED Sample by Deviations of the BEED Sample by PNUAT ComponentsPNUAT Components

Means, Mean % Scores and Standard Means, Mean % Scores and Standard Deviations of the BSED Sample by Deviations of the BSED Sample by PNUAT ComponentsPNUAT Components

Means and Standard Deviation of the Means and Standard Deviation of the BEED Sample by Academic VariablesBEED Sample by Academic Variables

Profile of the Respondents in Profile of the Respondents in terms of the Academic Variablesterms of the Academic Variables

Means and Standard Deviation of the Means and Standard Deviation of the BSED Sample by Academic VariablesBSED Sample by Academic Variables

Respondents’ Level of Performance in Respondents’ Level of Performance in the LETthe LET

Means and Standard Deviations in the Means and Standard Deviations in the LET by Component and ProgramLET by Component and Program

Correlation Coefficients of LET Correlation Coefficients of LET Performance with Admissions and College Performance with Admissions and College

Variables by ProgramVariables by Program

Regression Analysis for the BEED SampleRegression Analysis for the BEED Sample The variables that were found to be the best The variables that were found to be the best

predictors of BEED sample LET general average predictors of BEED sample LET general average were were General Education GPAGeneral Education GPA and and PNUAT Sub-test PNUAT Sub-test Wika at Gamit Wika at Gamit scorescore..

a Predictors: (Constant), GENERAL EDUCATION GPAa Predictors: (Constant), GENERAL EDUCATION GPAb Predictors: (Constant), GENERAL EDUCATION GPA, PNUAT b Predictors: (Constant), GENERAL EDUCATION GPA, PNUAT WIKA AT GAMITWIKA AT GAMIT

The equation for the regression line is:The equation for the regression line is: Y = a + bY = a + b

11XX11 +b +b22XX22

Y = -30.012 + 0.655X Y = -30.012 + 0.655X11 + 1.199X + 1.199X

22

Statistics Associated with the Variables Included in Statistics Associated with the Variables Included in the Multiple Regression Equationthe Multiple Regression Equation

Regression Analysis for the BSED SampleRegression Analysis for the BSED Sample Five predictors came out: Five predictors came out: General Education GPAGeneral Education GPA, ,

score in the PNUAT Sub-test score in the PNUAT Sub-test Pagbibigay KahuluganPagbibigay Kahulugan, , PNUAT PNUAT total Scoretotal Score, , PNUAT Sub-test Mathematics scorePNUAT Sub-test Mathematics score and and

Specialization GPASpecialization GPA..

a Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPAa Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPA b Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPA, PNUATPKb Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPA, PNUATPK c Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPA, PNUATPK, PNNUATTS c Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPA, PNUATPK, PNNUATTS d Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPA, PNUATPK, PNUATTS, PNUATMd Predictors: (Constant), GENED GPA, PNUATPK, PNUATTS, PNUATM e Predictors: (Constant), GENED, PNUATPKPNUATTS, PNUATM, SPECe Predictors: (Constant), GENED, PNUATPKPNUATTS, PNUATM, SPEC

Statistics Associated with the Variables Statistics Associated with the Variables Included in the Multiple Regression EquationIncluded in the Multiple Regression Equation

Thus, this equation was extractedThus, this equation was extracted::

Y = a + bY = a + b11XX11 +b +b22XX22 +b +b33XX33 + b + b44XX44 +b +b55XX55

y = -3.185 + 0.191Xy = -3.185 + 0.191X11 – 0.279X – 0.279X22 + 0.143X + 0.143X33 + 0.422X + 0.422X44 + +

0.587X0.587X55

ConclusionsConclusions

1.1. PNU clienteles are mostly graduates from the PNU clienteles are mostly graduates from the public high schools. This finding seems to public high schools. This finding seems to support the conclusions of previous studies - support the conclusions of previous studies - that those who enter the teaching profession that those who enter the teaching profession are economically disadvantaged.are economically disadvantaged.

2.2. Geographical location of high school attended Geographical location of high school attended is a factor in the BSED examinees’ LET is a factor in the BSED examinees’ LET performance. BSED respondents who performance. BSED respondents who graduated from high schools located in the graduated from high schools located in the urban areas performed better in the LET urban areas performed better in the LET compared to those who graduated from high compared to those who graduated from high schools situated in partially urban and rural schools situated in partially urban and rural areas. areas.

3.3. The sample of this study seems to disprove The sample of this study seems to disprove the general notion that students electing the general notion that students electing teaching as their career are less teaching as their career are less academically inclined. As expected given academically inclined. As expected given the admissions policies of the University, the the admissions policies of the University, the sample were above average in terms of high sample were above average in terms of high school performance as measured by high school performance as measured by high school GPA and performed well in the school GPA and performed well in the University’s Admissions Test. Also, their University’s Admissions Test. Also, their scholastic performance in college was above scholastic performance in college was above average.average.

4.4. General Education GPA had the highest General Education GPA had the highest correlation with LET performance in both correlation with LET performance in both programs. Thus, it also turned out to be the programs. Thus, it also turned out to be the best predictor of both BEED and BSED best predictor of both BEED and BSED sample’s LET performance.sample’s LET performance.

5. The combined predictors for both programs 5. The combined predictors for both programs only accounted for approximately 25% of only accounted for approximately 25% of the variance in the LET General Averages. the variance in the LET General Averages. There is a need to identify other variables There is a need to identify other variables that could explain for the bigger that could explain for the bigger unaccounted proportion of variance. unaccounted proportion of variance.

RecommendationsRecommendations

1.1. The GPA in the General Education component of The GPA in the General Education component of the curriculum was proven to be a reliable the curriculum was proven to be a reliable indicator of LET performance. As such, PNU indicator of LET performance. As such, PNU management must see to it that the quality of management must see to it that the quality of the teaching-learning processes in the general the teaching-learning processes in the general education courses be sustained and intensely education courses be sustained and intensely reinforced to achieve better and higher reinforced to achieve better and higher performance of its graduates in the licensing performance of its graduates in the licensing examination.examination.

2.2. TEIs like PNU must take a strong position to be TEIs like PNU must take a strong position to be involved in the drawing up of a Table of involved in the drawing up of a Table of Specifications for the LET so that a congruency Specifications for the LET so that a congruency between what is taught in the pre-service between what is taught in the pre-service teacher training and what is measured in the teacher training and what is measured in the LET may be ensured and achieved.LET may be ensured and achieved.

3.3. PNU must strive to improve the quality of its PNU must strive to improve the quality of its graduates’ performance in the LET and in the graduates’ performance in the LET and in the different components of said licensing different components of said licensing examination and not just focus its efforts examination and not just focus its efforts towards increasing or attaining the goal of towards increasing or attaining the goal of 100% OPR in the LET for all its programs.100% OPR in the LET for all its programs.

4.4. To establish its predictive power on LET To establish its predictive power on LET performance, the present version of the PNUAT performance, the present version of the PNUAT may be subjected to the same parametric may be subjected to the same parametric analysis done in this study and be revised analysis done in this study and be revised anew, as may be warranted by the findings. anew, as may be warranted by the findings. The University selection policies may include The University selection policies may include admittance of applicants whose PNUAT scores admittance of applicants whose PNUAT scores indicate high or, at the minimal level, passing indicate high or, at the minimal level, passing LET scores.LET scores.

5.5. A comparative study on LET takers who A comparative study on LET takers who graduated from high schools located in urban graduated from high schools located in urban and rural areas may be conducted. The present and rural areas may be conducted. The present study found out that those who graduated from study found out that those who graduated from high schools located in urban areas performed high schools located in urban areas performed better in the LET. It would be useful to explain better in the LET. It would be useful to explain this phenomenon.this phenomenon.

6.6. This researcher or other researchers can dig in This researcher or other researchers can dig in deeper into the data gathered in this study by deeper into the data gathered in this study by looking into the results by year. It would be looking into the results by year. It would be interesting to know the differences or interesting to know the differences or similarities, if there are, in the trends of results similarities, if there are, in the trends of results by year.by year.

7.7. Similar studies should be undertaken to identify Similar studies should be undertaken to identify other variables that could explain the bigger other variables that could explain the bigger unaccounted proportion of variance in the LET unaccounted proportion of variance in the LET performance. These variables may be on performance. These variables may be on review opportunities, IQ, attitudes, values and review opportunities, IQ, attitudes, values and interest of students, qualifications of teachers, interest of students, qualifications of teachers, and teaching-learning processes. It is also and teaching-learning processes. It is also strongly recommended that data be gathered strongly recommended that data be gathered prior to student-respondents’ graduation. prior to student-respondents’ graduation.

  

Thank you!Thank you!